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LIBRARY

Number
Accession

Mary P. Thompson Libr/
Loaned by Lucien Thompson.

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Rochester, N. H., Uay qq, — iQoe

Would you feel disposed to exchange a copy of tho history of your
town , which I understand is puM-l4J;;>-e=^ by you, for a set of the
History of the Town of Roches ter , wri t ten by my father, Franklin
McDuffee, and published by his fanily? The latter work, in two
volumes, is the story of one of tlie oldest and best known towns in
New Hampshire and contains a large amount of general description of
the life of the old colonial days. It is reputed to be one of the
most readable local histories ever written and has been extensively
quoted.

If this suggestion strikes you favorably, will you kindly let me
hear from you. *

Yours very truly.

-^yCA^

CJ^J^^

- ^

j/^as^flf'r^n -

Class

Number

Accession

Mary K i hompson Library

Loaned by Lucien Thompson.

.~>T.~.--i-*i- ,-r 'J.'

The R«hester courier. ^^^^^^ pmmnQ Company. mMMlMsM

Established .863. (..cc.o^.x.o.) P-P-ly Done.

Pubiished Fridays. Telephone 14=3. Send for Estimates.

Rochester, New Hampshire, Peb. 4, 1907

Mr. Liicien Tliompr-on,

Durheim, IT. II.,
Dear Sir:

Your favor of the Ipt an'i the "Landmarks of Ancient Dover*'
are at han^ an^ I thank voii very much for thus acce^in^ to mv suggestion/
I am sure the "book is very interesting an<i valuable an ^ I- tru.st you v;:ll
find the Hochester history the same. I am sen^'JinK you by American express
prepaid the copy of the History of Hochester.

Yours very truiv,

HISTORY ""

OF THE TOWN OF

KOCHESTER

NEW HAMPSHIRE,

FROM 1722 TO 1890.

FRANKLIN MCDUFFEE, A. M.

EDITED AND REVISED BY

SILVANUS HAYWAKD.

"Threshing Time's neglected sheaves,
Gathering up the scattered leaves
Which the wrinkled Sibyl cast
Careless from her as she passed."

IN TWO VOLUMES. — VOL. I.

MANCHESTER:

THE JOHN B. CLARKE CO., PRINTERS

1892.

^4—

EDITOR'S PREFACE.

In 1865 the author of this History began a series of historical sketches in
the "Rochester Courier," and, with much labor during subsequent years, col-
lected a large amount of material for a town history. The minute and thor-
ough character of his work is seen in the early history, and especially in the
record of Rochester in the Rebellion. The carefully preserved sketches and
other papers contain scattered notes suggesting changes and additions indicative,
in some degree, of his general plan. His lamented death left the work, unfor-
tunately, incomplete.

His father, John IMcDuffee, Esq. (now recently deceased), took great interest
in the matter, and expressed his desire to put the money, which others would
have expended on marble or granite, into the History of Rochester, as a better
and more enduring monument to the memory of his son. At his request I
undertook the task of editing and completing the work. It has proved a far
greater labor than was at first anticipated. Every sentence has been carefully
reviewed and re-written in the desire to make it as nearly as possible what the
author himself w^ould have wished. Much has been added, and many parts
are exclusively ray own. Though I could not expect to attain the careful
accuracy, and clear, attractive style of the author, my hope is, that only special
critics will be likely to discern just the points of transition between the work
of the author and that of the editor.

The reader will observe that the standpoint of time varies with the time
of writing, or of going to press.

The date of publication suggests the transition from the toicn to the city of
Rochester, and that whoever shall resume the historic pen must begin with the
inauguration of a city government with the Hon. Charles S. Whitehouse as
first mayor.

The kind assistance of many besides those named in the body of tlie work
is hereby thankfully acknowledged. Special mention should be made of Irving
A. Watson, M. D., the Hon. A. S. Batchellor, the Rev. N. F. Carter, J. R.
Ham, il. D.. and my lamented friend, the late Hon. Isaac W. Hammond.

Like a broken column restored by some less skillful hand, it is hoped this
History will remain as a fitting monument to the fragrant memory of its author
and designer, Franklin ]\IcDuFi"EE.

S. H.

SouTHBRiDGE, Mass., August, 1892.

CONTENTS,

Chapter. Page.

I. Descriptive 9

II. Indian History 13

III. Incorporation and Charter 33

IV. Proprietary History 41

V. Revolutionary Period ........ 51

VI. First Century of Church History 75

VII. Leading Men of the Revolutionary Period . . . 115

VIII. Life of Early Settlers 124

IX. From the Revolution to the Rebellion .... 145

X. Educational and Literary 156

XI. Rochester in the Rebellion 193

XII. Church History since 1819 239

Xin. Lights and Shadows , . . 293

XIV. Leading Men since the Revolution ..... 321

XV. Business of Rochester 461

XVI. Political 517

XVII. Unclassified Miscellanies 545

Appendix 569

General Index . 627

Index to Towns 651

Index to Names 655

Index to Baptisms and Marriages 677

ILLUSTRATIOXS.

To face

page

Franklin McDuffee . Frontispiece.

Market Street 9

Plan of Lots 50

Army Roll of Capt. Place ......... 63

Map of Rochester in 1805 144

J. H. Woodman 332

Charles Dennett 337

James Farrington 346

N. V. Whitehouse . 358

Charles S. Whitehouse 364

E. F. Whitehouse 366

John McDuffee 368

McDuffee Block 372

Joseph H. Smith . 379

John P. Hale 381

DoMiNicus Hanson 394

EzEKiEL True 401

Charles Main 405

I. W. LouGEE 407

James E. Lothrop 421

Daniel Lothrop 424

John F. Torr 428

Charles K. Chase 430

Charles Greenfield 420

E. G. Wallace 474

Edwik Wallace 475

Norway Plains Company Xo. 3 ]\Iill 477

Norway Plains Company Xos. 1 and 2 Mills 478

Dodge's Hotel 487

GoNic Mills 503

Agent's House at Gonic ......... 507

Cocheco Mills, East Rochester 514

ERRATA,

Page 10, first line, for Robert's read Roberts'.

Page 20, sixteenth line from bottom, insert S. after Charles.

Page 22, seventh line, add John Weatworth.

Page 27, eighth line, for as killful read a skillful.

Page 80, omit foot note.

Page 117, fifth line from bottom, for McDffiiee read McDuffee.

eighteenth line, for Hiram N. reiad Iliram M.

tenth line from bottom, omit reference to Appendix.

thirteenth line from bottom, after appoint omit a.

sixth line, after George insert P.

twenty-second line, for Cross read Union.

third line insert a at beginning.

fourteenth line from bottom, omit comma after hearty.

twenty-third line, after Luther insert B.

twenty-first line, instead of Porter read Potter.

twelfth line from bottom, for August 29, 1861 read 1862.

nineteenth line, for Pocataligo read Pocotalgo.

second line, for since read after.

seventeenth line, for Pocotaligo read Pocotalgo.

seventh line from bottom, for Montolinia read Motolinia.

twenty-seventh line, for Ilenham read Ilennem.

eighth line from bottom, after James insert H., and after An-
Ma?s.

fifteenth line from bottom, for patorate read pastorate.

tenth line, for GO read 62.

eleventh line from bottom, for geat read great.

thirteenth line from bottom, after Charles, for C. read H.
Pages 324, 325, and 327, for Henry Orne read Henry H. Orne.

second line from bottom, for 1700 read 1770.

at end of last line, insert t.

eighteenth line from bottom, after Nicholas insert V.

seventeenth line, after Charles insert H.

fifteenth line from bottom, for 300 read 881.

next line, for 380 read 369.

twelfth line from bottom, for 1698 should perhaps be 1658.

tenth line, for daiigher read daughter.

tenth line from bottom, after Stephen insert M.

tenth line from bottom, for Gonic read Rochester.

sixth line from bottom, for 1880 read 1885.

first Hue, for neergetic read energetic.

eighteentii line from bottom, after Micajah insert H.

ninth line from bottom, omit last n.
, first line, for Togers read Rogers, omit comma after R, and

after Roberts.

seventeenth line from bottom, for Colton read Cotton.

twenty-fourth line, for Lewis read Louis.

tenth line from bottom, for 141 read 142.

fourth line from bottom, for 1854 read 1845.

seventh line from bottom, at end put e in place of c.

last line, for 1841 read 1881.

fourth line, for Charberlain read Chamberlain.

twenty-first line should be a foot note with asterisk.

Page 161
Page 168
Page 169
Page 176
Page 201
Page 205

Page 206
Page 211
Page 212
Page 224
Page 233

Page 234
Page 237
Page 252
dover, insert
Page 253
Page 258
Page 261
Page 319

Page 331
Page 349
Page 357
Page 365
Page 394

Page 408
Page 421
Page 443
Page 449
Pege 459
Page 470
Page 473
Page 483
Page 521
insert comma
Page 530
Page 531
Page 541
Page 543
Page 553
Page 561
Page 572
Page 621

AUTHOR'S II^TRODUCTION.

It is much to be regretted that so little pains is taken to preserve the inci-
dents of local history. Although the liveliest interest may be felt in the recital
of these incidents, yet they are generally left to the keeping of uncertain tra-
dition, so that after two or three generations have passed away it is difficult
to distinguish fact from mere fiction or embellishment. Even great events and
deeds are soon forgotten and entirely lost.

Every town should support a historical society or adopt some other means
for the preservation of its history. A library association might be made to
serve all the purposes; a local newspaper, too, is an excellent means, as its
value and prosperity depend upon its furnishing a complete record of current
events.

These remarks are well illustrated by the following incident.

In 1774, when the oppressions of the mother country were exciting resistance
in the minds of the colonists, and their hearts were beginning to yearn for
independence. General Gage, who commanded the British forces in Boston,
wanted carpenters to build barracks to secure the troops against the approaching
winter. But no carpenters could be hired in Massachusetts to work for British
soldiers. In this dilemma General Gage applied for aid to Governor Went-
worth of New Hampshire, who dispatched a secret agent to some of the back
towns to hire vvorkmen. The success of this person in his visit to Rochester
is thus recorded in Belknap's History of New Hampshire : —

"The agent in this secret business was brought on his knees before the committee of
Rochester and made an bumble acknowledgment. This prudent step of the committee dis-
armed the popular rage and prevented any injur\' to his person or property."

Every citizen of Rochester may well feel proud to find the town thus early
taking so unequivocal and decided a stand in the cause of independence. But
certainly this is but a meager and unsatisfactory account of so prominent an
event. Who were this committee? and whence did they derive their authority?
What was the language of that "humble acknowledgment"? and where did
the meeting occur? The records of the town furnish no light. Tradition even
gives us no clew\ Who knows anything in regard to the subject? (p. 54.)

8 author's introduction.

It is the pui-pose of the writer to give a few sketches of the early history
of the town, not entering minutely into barren statistics and details of gene-
alogy, but selecting such matters as are of general interest, and the knowledge
of which may be readily obtained. There are doubtless many old papers and
letters stored in attics in Rochester, which would elucidate important points in
its history, if the owners would bring them forth to the light. It is hoped
these articles will tend to this result, and awaken an increased interest in the
subject.

ROCHESTEJI, 1865.

O
O

ROCHESTER.

CHAPTER I.

DESCRIPTIVE.

" The sinless, peaceful works of God."

Rochester is situated on the 71st meridian west of Greenwich,
The village is about one mile east of this meridian, and in latitude
43° 18' north. The town is approximately a trapezoid contain-
ing about 52,000 acres, with its diagonals extending nearly ten
miles north and south, and a little over eight miles east and west.
Its northeastern boundary is the state line on the east bank of the
Salmon Falls river which separates Rochester from Lebanon and
Berwick in Maine. On the southeast it is bounded by Somersworth
and Dover, on the southwest by Barrington and Strafford, and on
the northwest by Farmington, touching Milton for a short distance
between Farmington and the river.

Of natural ponds or lakes Rochester is almost entirely destitute.
The line between Rochester and Farmington crosses Ricker's pond
near its center, and a small portion of Round pond extends over
Barrington line. "Little Long pond" also crosses the same line
about half a mile farther east. The Salmon Falls river flows along
the northeastern side, and the Cocheco river crosses the town
towards the southeast from Farmington to Dover. Isinglass river
(probably named from the mica in its bed or along its banks) loops
into Rochester from Barrington, making a large ox-bow, where it
is crossed by the iTashua & Rochester railroad ; then returning to
Barrington it bends back again across the line and enters the
Cocheco near where Rochester corners on Dover. Owing to the
level surface of the town the brooks are few and of little importance.

10 ROCHESTER.

The principal ones are Robert's brook, flowing from Rieker's pond;
Berry's brook, A\hich supplies the reservoir recently built; Willow
brook and Heath brook.

Dr. Jackson's report of the geology of the State says: —

" Rochester is probably underlaid by strata of mica slate, which is covered by
drift consisting of fine sand and sandy loam. Our attention was directed to an
extensive peat bog, comprising more than one hundred and fifty acres, and not less
than forty feet in depth. It is but half a mile from the flourishing village of
Kochester, and will prove of great value both for fuel and for agricultural use.
The bog may be easily reclaimed by draining off the surplus water into the Cocheco
river by means of ditches which need not be more than six feet deep. Several
persons who visited this bog with me resolved to purchase, reclaim it, and convert
it into a meadow for English grasses. I have no doubt of its proving mote
valuable than any upland soil in the town."

From Prof. Hitchcock's " Geology of Xew Hampshire " we learn
that Rochester Avas under the sea during the "Atlantic period." It
was afterward covered with gneiss holdins: crvstals of andalusite,
which are still largely prevalent here. The gneiss was subsequently
covered with " an uncouth mica schist." The movements of the ice
in the glacial period were toward the southeast. Bowlders are not
unfrequent, but none of remarkable size have been observed. Coarse
glacial drift and finer modified drift deposited b}- rivers of the Cham-
plain period, cover most of the town, forming extensive plains which
obscure the underlvino; rock. These idains extendino; for eio:ht
miles along the Cocheco, are in many places, as es[)ecially at Gonic,
underlaid bv clav. Their heisrht at Rochester Villacre is two hun-
dred and twenty-six feet, and at East Rochester and Gonic two hun-
dred feet, above sea level. The river falls much more rapidly than
the plains, so that it lies seventy-five feet below them in the south
part of the tOAvn. There are five "lenticular hills" in Rochester.
The finest of these is the one now owned by "Walter S. Husse3%

" It rises with a very regularly rounded outline one hundred and fifty feet above
the lowland or valleys which surround it on every side. Another of similar height
but less typical in form, lies one mile southeast, near Gonic Village. Two of these
occur east of the Cocheco, being Haven hill crossed by the road to Great Falls,
and Gonic hill a half mile south. The former is less steep and prominent than
usual, but was shown by a well at its top to be composed of glacial drift at least
forty feet deep."

Dry liill Ivino- near Barrino-ton, and the rano-e toward Farmington
called Chestnut liills, are probably the highest points in town, being
{i little over five hundred feet above sea level.

The most important natural feature of the town is undoubtedly
the peat bog already mentioned. A large portion of it lies between

DESCRIPTIVE. 11

the village and the first crossing of the Great Falls & Conway rail-
road. The greatest depth found in building that road was a little
over twenty feet. East of the railroad there are fifty or sixty acres
more, varpng in depth fi'om five to fifteen feet. A few persons
have used this peat for fuel with good success. It fields a large
amount of light, dusty ashes which are found useful for polishing.
The market value of these peat beds depends almost entirely on the
price of coal. Largely through the exertions of Franklin McDuffee,
the Strafl:brd County Improved Peat Company was organized
i^ovember 13, 1866, at the oflice of Xathaniel AYells, Esq., in Great
Falls. The capital stock was one hundred thousand dollars, all
owned by less than a dozen men. D. H. Bufl\im, A. A. Perkins,
and Royal Eastman of Great Falls, E. G. Wallace of Rochester, and
Jeremiah Evarts of Boston were chosen directors; and Franklin
McDuft'ee treasurer and clerk. The company was not designed for
•stock speculation but for business, fully intending to enter upon the
work the following spring, but so great a fall in the price of coal
intervened that they were compelled to abandon the enterprise.
The land is still owned by these men and their successors.

Evidently Rochester has superior natural advantages for manufac-
turing. With the Cocheco flowing diagonally through the town,
and the Salmon Falls forming its eastern boundary, our water privi-
leges are rarely surpassed. Its location also necessarily makes it a
railroad center. It is not possible that our great advantages should
fail to excite a sure and continual growth in manufacturing pursuits.

The soil of Rochester is largely sandy or slaty, and not favorable
for the highest agricultural success. In some parts, however, it
yields good crops. The plains are easily tilled, and, with a large
supply of dressing frequently renewed, will well repay the diligent
farmer. The soil is specially favorable for pines. White pines,
pitch pines, and Korway pines have always abounded. These with
several varieties of oak, hemlocks, chestnuts, birches, maples, and
larches are the principal trees. Shrubs and smaller plants are such
as are usually found in the light soils where pine and white oak
prevail.

Formerly, here as elsewhere, wild animals were numerous.
Wolves, bears, deer, and moose fed or annoyed the early settlers,
and busy beavers built their curious dwellings along the streams.
They are now only traditions of the remote past. The level country

12 ROCHESTER.

afFording no rocky hiding-places, these larger wild beasts were
sooner exterminated here than in many other places. The forests-
also being early cleared away, no shelter is left even for the larger
birds. For the same reason, foxes and raccoons are fewer than in
most New Hampshire towns. Mr. William l!^. Hastings, who has-
made a special study of microscopic objects, has found diatoms of
forms apparently somewhat rare, such as are assigned by other
investigators to distant localities only. On the whole, it must be
said that neither the fauna nor the flora of Rochester presents any
remarkable features.

CHAPTER II.

INDIAN HISTORY*

" Erewhile, where yon gay spires their brightness rear.
Trees waved, and the brown hunter's shouts were loud
Amid the forest ; and the bounding deer
Fled at the glancing plume, and the gaunt wolf yelled near.

^' There stood the Indian hamlet : there the lake

Spread its blue sheet that flashed with many an oar,
"Where the brown otter plunged him from the brake,

And the deer drank ; as the light gale flew o'er,

The twinkling maize-field rustled on the shore;
And while that spot, so wild, and lone, and fair,

A look of glad and innocent beauty wore.
And peace was on the earth and in the air,
The warrior lit the pile and bound his captive there."

If we kneAY nothing of the past history of Rochester, the names
iNTewichwannoc, Squamanagonic, and Cocheco would be sufficient
proof that the Indians dwelt here before the white men came. It
was their custom to give names to the mountains and lakes among
which they dwelt, and the river falls and other places which they
frequented for hunting and fishing. The rivers themselves they did
not name, though the names they gave to the falls and other remark-
able places are often applied now not only to the rivers but to the
towns and villages upon their banks.

The Indians did not use arbitrary, unmeaning terms, but every
name had some peculiar fitness to the locality to which it was
applied. Neivichivannoc, by which name the Salmon Falls river was
formerly known, was two hundred years ago pronounced Ne-ge-
won-nuck. It is found spelled in no less than nine difl:erent ways.
It is difficult to resolve the word into its parts, although the last
syllable, ock or acke, denotes the name of a ^^foce. From several
sources worthy of credit it is interpreted to mean, "The place of

*In preparing this chapter, the author is largely indebted to Belknap's History of New-
Hampshire.

14 ROCHESTER.

many falls," and was probably applied to the lower portion of the
river, for which it is very' appropriate.

Squamanagonic, now abbreviated to Gonic, is analyzed thus:
Sqiiam, water; an, a hill ; «, euphonic, merely aiding the pronuncia-
tion; gon, clay; k, a place. Literally rendered, then, it means,
" The water of the clay jilace hill." Those familiar with the soil in that
part of the town will regard this as a tolerably faithful description.

Cocheco has been variously spelled, Cochecho, Cochechae, Quo-
checho, Kechceachy, etc. It was first spelled Cocheco in the name
of the Manufacturing Company at Dover, probably by accident. Its
meaning is as follows : Co, falls ; che, great ; co, falls ; that is, falls
and great falls. The expression was probabl}' applied by the Indians
to the succession df falls in Dover, including the great falls in the
city and the smaller falls a mile or more up the river. According
to the dialect now used by the Indians in Maine, it is supposed the
word should be written " KHchecoke," in which case the meaning
would be great jylace ; that is, great place in the river, equivalent to
great falls.

A curiosity may exist to know something of these people who
inhabited this section before the white settlers, and thus fixed the
names of these localities. What tribes dwelt here ? 'Were the
inhabitants numerous ? Were there Indian villages in this vicinity ?
Such questions doubtless suggest themselves to others as they often
have to the writer.

It should be remembered that the Indian population was very
sparse. Here and there a tribe had a little village of a few hundred
inhabitants at the most, and these villages were far remote from
each other. They were not great travelers except in their hunting
and fishing excursions and when on the war path, and the greater
part of the country was little \dsited by them. They were so igno-
rant of geography as to suppose that l!^ew England was an island.
Their usual route from the mountains and lakes to the white settle-
ments was by the Cocheco and Newichwannoc (now Salmon Falls)
rivers, and probably many a warlike band of both Indians and
whites have passed along these rivers near where our beautiful
village is now situated.

When our fathers came to New England they found within its
confines five principal nations of Indians. In Connecticut were the
Pequots ; in Ehode Island, the Xarragansetts ; in Massachusetts, the

INDIAN HISTORY. 15

Massachusetts Indiaus. The rawkuiinakutts inhabited Xantucket,
Martha's Vineyard, and Plymouth. The Pawtucketts constituted
the fifth and last great sachemship. To this general division of
Pawtucketts belonged the Penuacooks living upon the Merrimack
river and in the central portions of this State. Several other smaller
sachemships were also included in the national name of Pawtucketts,
such as the Agawams, Xaumkeeks, and Piscataquas. All these
oriffinallv formed one o-reat nation under Passaconawav, called the
great sachem of Pennacook. The Pennacooks were probably the
most powerful of these subordinate tribes.

When Xew Hampshire was first settled, the remains of two tribes
had their habitations on the several branches of the Piscataqua river.
One sachem lived at the falls of Squamscott, now Exeter, and the
other at those of Xewichwannoc, now South Ber^^^ck, Me. ; their
headquarters being generally in places convenient for fishing. Both
these, with several inland tribes residing about Lake Winnipiseogee,
acknowleged subjection to Passaconaway, the first great sagamore of
whom we have any account. He excelled the other sachems in
sagacity, duplicity, and moderation, but his principal superiority was
his skill in some of the secret operations of nature, which gave him
the reputation of a sorcerer, and extended his fame and influence
among the neighboring tribes. Thev believed he could make water
burn, and trees dance, and metamorphose himself into flame; that
in winter he could raise a green leaf from the ashes of a drv one,
and a living serpent from the skin of one that was dead. At a
great feast of the Indians in 1660, Passaconaway, finding himself
near his end, made a farewell speech to his children and people, in
which, as a dying man, he warned them solemnly against quarreling
with the English, as it would prove the sure means of their own
destruction. He told how he had tried all his arts of sorcery against
them, yet still they increased in number and their settlements
advanced. Wonolanset, his son and successor, heeded his advice,
for when, fifteen years later, King Philip's war broke out, in which
were en2:aged all the other 'New England tribes, includins: even
those upon the Kennebec and Penobscot rivers, he withdrew his
people to a remote place that they might not be drawn into the
quarrel. But when in 1676 Major Waldron seized four hundred
Indians whom he had invited to Dover, then called Cocheco, to wit-
ness a training and a sham fight, though all the Pennacooks were

16 ROCHESTEK.

dismissed unharmed, yet their Indian nature could not brook such
indignity, and forgetting the advice of the dying Passaconaway,
by resentment and thirst for revenge they were driven into war.
From this time the Pennacooks, in common with the other tribes,
became implacable foes to the white settlers.

A few months only after the ca|»ture of the Pennacooks by Major
Waldron occurred an event in the history of Indian warfare which
gave to a part of our town a name which it has ever since borne.
In March or April, 1677, a famous Indian scout and sagamore
named "Blind Will," who had been frequently employed by Major
"Waldron, was sent out l)y him with seven of his Indians up the
Cocheco river, to learn the designs of the enemy. They were sur-
prised by a companj' of Mohawks, who had been stimulated by the
English to make war upon their ancient enemies, the Eastern Indi-
ans, and most of them were captured or slain. Blind Will himself
was dragged away by the hair of his head, and l)eing wounded per-
ished in the woods "on a neck of land formed by the confluence of
the Cocheco and Isinglass rivers." In the early town records this
place alwaA's ])ears the name, "Blind Will's Xeck," now contracted
to the simple term "The Xeck." Thus more than fifty years be-
fore the town was incorporated oi' known by any distinctive name,
*'Tlie Neck" had been christened l)y this bloody incident.

In immediate connection with the story of Blind Will another
Indian incident prior to the incorporation of the town finds an
appropriate place. Horrible in the extreme, it fitly illustrates the
savageness of this barbarous race.

The people living in the neighborhood of the Chestnut hills have
probably heard with fear, in their childhood days, of the ghost of
Rogers, whose grave is said to be near the camp-ground, or Trickey's
ledge. Tradition says that Rogers, whom the Indians on account
of his obesity nicknamed " Pork," being a prisoner, was unable to
keep up with his captors, and therefore they put him to death in the
most cruel manner, sticking pitch wood into his body and thus roast-
ing him alive. He was literally barbecued. The place is still shown
where his remains are said to be buried. Tradition has not exag-
gerated this account, but on the contrary has palliated the statements
of authentic history.

In the year 1690 an expedition of twenty-seven French soldiers, and
about an equal number of Indians under Hoodgood, a noted warrior,

INDIAN HISTORY. . 17

was fitted out in Canada against the English settlements. They
attacked Salmon Falls, and after an obstinate light in which thirtj^
of the brave defenders were slain, the garrison surrendered. Fifty-
four prisoners were taken, and the atrocity above mentioned took
place wdiile on the retreat to Canada. The account is originally
derived from Dr. Cotton Mather.

" Robert Rogers, a corpulent man, being unable to carry the burden whicb the
Indians had imposed upon him, threw it down in the path and went aside into the
•woods to conceal himself. They found him by his tracks, stripped, beat, and
pricked him with their swords ; then tied him to a tree and danced round him till
they had kindled a fire. They gave him time to pray and take leave of his fellow
prisoners, who were placed round the fire to see his death. They pushed the fire
toward him, and when he was almost stifled, took it away to give him time to
breathe, and thus prolonged his misery; they drowned his dying groans with their
hideous singing and yelling, all the while dancing round the fire, cutting off pieces
of his flesh and throwing them in his face. When he was dead, they left his body
broiling on the coals, in which state it was found by his friends and buried."

After reading this we can the more easily imagine what anxiety
fell upon the early settlers at the mere intimation that the Indians
Avere lurking around their homes. The very word Indian became a
terror. The people were haunted at every step by the fear of sur-
prise, and at the slightest alarm families were hurried to the garri-
sons for refuge. We cannot wonder that they took their arms with
them when they went forth to visit, or to work, to the shop, to the
field, or to the church.

" The husbandmen, with muskets o'er them slung,

In danger and in watching held the plough ;
Sadly and slow the fearful moments sped,

For savage men athirst for blood were nigh;
And when at eve they bowed the weary head,

They knew not but ere morn the war-whoop cry
Would reach their lowly roof, and call them out to die."

In 1722 began the Indian war called " Lovewell's War" on
account of the bold and memorable exploits of Capt. John Lovewell.
He made several successful expeditions against the Indians, but
finally being ambushed by a superior force under the chief Paugus
near Lovewell's Pond, a long and bloody fight ensued in which he
was slain, with many of his company, and the remainder escaped
only through great suffering and hardship. This war fell with great
severity upon the proprietors of Rochester, costing many of them
their lives. The first victim was Joseph Ham, who was killed and
three of his children taken prisoners. Soon after, Tristram Heard,
another proprietor, was waylaid in the road and killed. Another,

18 ROCHESTER.

James ISTock, one of tlie elders of the cliurcli at Oyster river, was
killed while returning on horseback from setting beaver traps in
the woods.

The Provincial Council oftered a bounty of one hundred pounds
for every Indian scalp. The prospect of so large a reward encour-
aged Abraham Benwick to raise a company 'of volunteers, whose
services were speedily called into requisition. In June, 1724, Moses
Davis and his son, being at work in a cornfield, went to a brook
to drink, where they discovered three Indian packs. JSTotice was
immediately given to the company, and wliile guiding them to the
spot they fell into an ambush and Davis and his son were both
killed. The company fired upon the Indians and killed their loader,
a half-breed Indian, sup])Osed to be the son of the Jesuit priest Ralle,
who was the chief instigator of the Indians against the English set-
tlers. His scalp was presented to the lieutenant-governor in council
by Robert Burnham, and the bounty was paid to Capt. Francis
Mathews in trust for the company. All the men named above were
proprietors of Rocliester, and Capt Mathews was the first selectman
chosen by the town.

Several families of Quakers, although conscientiously opposed tO'
war even in self-defense, yet sutfered among the others. Ebenezer
Downs, one of this class, ha\dng been taken i>risoner, was required
to dance for the amusement of his captors, and upon refusal was
grossly insulted and abused. Another, John Hanson, who lived in
Dover and had a large family, adhered to peace principles so rigidly
that he would not even remove to the garrison for safety. While
he and his eldest daughter were gone to the Friends' weekly meet-
ing, a part}' of French Mohawks entered the house, killed and
scalped two small children, captured his wife with an infant, the
nurse, two daughters, and a son, and carried them to Canada. When
they were afterward redeemed, the Indians threatened that they
would again capture them. A party came to Dover for this purpose,
but failing of carrying out this design, lying in wait, they shot dead
Benjamin Evans, wounded William Evans and cut his throat. John
Evans beins: sliarhtlv wounded feisTned death, and submitted to be
scalped without discovering any signs of life. He lived for many
years. Peace was finally concluded in December, 1725.

Peace was not, however, of long duration. France held the Can-
adas and Xova Scotia, and was ambitious to connect these with her

INDIAN HISTORY. 19

colonies in Louisiana, while England occupied only a narrow strip
along the Atlantic coast, and saw with alarm the aggressive move-
ments of her rival. Each jealously eager for the extension of her
own domains, encroachments and wars continnallv ensued until the
final conquest of Canada by the British brought permanent peace.
An Indian war was invariably an appendage to a war between these
two nations, and as invariably the Indians were engaged upon the
side of France. This is not to be wondered at. The Canadian
French were a roving, adventurous people, by their plastic nature
well calculated to gain the friendship and alliance of the red man.
They were themselves half Indian in manners, joining in the chase
and the dance, building and living in wigwams, and training tlieir
children to the Indian mode of life. The French Jesuits traversed
continent and ocean to carry their religion to these heathen tribes,
and though they failed to civilize them yet they exerted over their
passions a restraining influence, which was lost, however, as they
withdrew from sight. These priests claimed to have converted
great numbers; but their conversion consisted in wearing little cru-
cifixes on their necks, being immersed in river or lake, and learning
by rote a few formulas of prayer. It is not strange, therefore, that
the}' acquired a powerful influence over these forest tribes. There
were strong ties of brotherhood between the two races, and as the
French alwavs remained loval to the home government, their Indian
allies were easily stmiulated to attack the settlements of the English
enemies of France. The French furnished arms and ammunition
for these hostile excursions, and found ample repayment in the large
number of captives for whose redemption heavy ransoms were paid
by their friends. The Indians were serviceable allies, wily and
cruel foes. They dwelt at remote distances in the wilderness,
whither they could be pursued only with great difliculty and expense.
Making incursions in small bands, they fell unexpectedly upon the
isolated settlements, sho\ving little or no mercy to their victims.
Their attacks could never be foreseen. Accustomed to forest life,
quick in all their perceptions and motions, trained in the love of
cruelty' and bloodshed, and expert in every artifice to entrap a foe,
they were a dangerous and dreaded race.

Although the settlement of Rochester was long postponed on
account of Indian wars, yet for nearly twenty years after the settle-
ment began, nothing occurred to interrupt its progress. At this time

'20 ROCHESTER.

-there must have been nearly one hundred and fifty families, and
being on the very frontier they were most helplessly exposed to all
ihe horrors of the impending conflict. For a few weeks or months
they might have neglected their work and lived in garrisons or en-
gaged in active warfare, but as the contest contiimed year after year
they were compelled to expose themselves in order to provide means
•of subsistence.

In 1744 the proprietors voted to give to the settlers all the mill
rents then due, to be appropriated for l)uilding five block-houses or
forts, —

•" three on the great road that leads to Norway Plains, one at Squamanagonic
upper mill, and one on the road by Newichwannoc river near the Widdo Tebbets's,
•or as his Excellency should otherwise order," —

and appointed a committee to carry out the vote. These forts were
built, although the rents could not be collected to pay for them.
Besides these public garrisons, many others were built at private
expense, receiving the names of their owners. One such was built
by Richard Wentworth, near where Thomas Fall now lives on the
main road. The Rawlins garrison was not far from the same place.
The Rev. Amos Main occupied a garrison house near the top of
Rochester hill. The Goodwin garrison was on the land now owned
by John Crockett, opposite the Bartlett place; Copp's garrison, near
where Mr. Crockett lives. The garrison at Squamanagonic stood
where now is the garden of Col. Charles Whitehouse. The one upon
IsTewichwannoc road was not far from Asa Roberts's house. The
•only one of these forts now remaining forms the rear part of the
present house of Edward Tebbets. The upper story having been
removed and the lower covered with clapboards and painted, it
would not be recognized by any outward appearance as a house
built to protect the people of Rochester from the tomahawk and
•scalping-knife of the savage. Garrisons were l>uilt two stories in
height, the lower story being of solid timber with strong window
shutters fastening upon the inside. The upper story projected three
or four feet upon all sides, so that water could be poured down to
extinguish flames in case the house should be fired, while an enemy
who came near was exposed to certain deatli. Loop-holes were pro-
vided large enough on the outside for a gun-barrel to be pointed
through them, and hollowed or beveled upon the inside to allow the
gun to be aimed in diflerent directions. The second story was built

INDIAN HISTORY. 21

according to the fancy or ability of the owner. In the Richarct
Wentworth garrison it was made of thick planks dovetailed together
at the corners like a chest, and without any frame, except a few
braces. The cellars of the public garrisons were divided by walls-
into many apartments for the accommodation of different families;
this was the case with the one at Gonic. As an additional protec-
tion, oftentimes the whole building was surrounded with a rampart
or palisade formed of timber or posts set in the ground. To these-
fortified houses the men, when driven from their labor in the field,,
retreated ; here they left their women and children when they went
abroad ; and here they were compelled to pass much of their own
time in inactivity, while perhaps the cattle were being killed in the
pastures near by, and the crops remained unharvested or were being"
destroyed by the enemy.

A few anecdotes will illustrate the cunning of the Indians and the
necessarv caution of the settlers. One dav the cattle were discov-
ered in the cornfield at Col. McDuftee's. The boys were starting at
once to drive them out, when thej were stopped b}- the Colon ely
who said he knew the fence was strong, and the rascally Indians
must have laid a plot to trap them, ^o one was allowed to move-
out of doors for a day or two, but when it was safe to venture forth,
the place of concealment contrived by the Indians was discovered^
and it was evident that they had broken down the fence, driven the
cattle into the field, and placed themselves in ambush to kill or cap-
ture whoever came out. At one of the garrisons a large number of
hogs were kept, which were suffered to roam about during the day
to feed upon acorns and such other food as they could find, and
were called home at night. One evening they were called a long
time, but none made their appearance. In the night, when it was
quite dark, the hogs seemed to return suddenly, and a grunting as
of a large drove was heard all around the building. The family,
however, were too wary to be deceived, and at once suspected the
truth, that the Indians had dispatched the hogs and were now imi-
tating their grunts to entice somebody out of the garrison. These
are only a few out of the many tricks and treacheries of their crafty
foes. More than once a hatchet was found stickins^ in the orarrison
door, as a token of threatening and defiance. That the imagination
of the settlers sometimes magnified the real danger or excited need-
less fears is very probable. It could hardly be otherwise ; for little

22 KOCHESTER.

would be required to produce alarm after a few persons had fallen
victims to these wily and savasre foes.

A thrill of horror ran through the settlement when on the twenty-
seventh day of June, 1746, by an artfully contrived and boldly exe-
cuted plot, four men were murdered within sight of a garrison, and
a tifth was wounded and taken prisoner. Tlieir names were Ger-
shom Downs, Joseph Heard, John Richards, and Joseph Richards.
They were on the way to their work in the field, carrying guns and
traveling in company for mutual protection. A band of Indians,
havino- first sent one of their number forward to station himself
behind a tree at a convenient distance on the opposite side of the
road, had concealed themselves near where these men must pass.
Having thus prepared a snare with the noted cunning of the race,
they awaited the approach of their victims. When the workmen
xirrived at the ambush the solitary decoy suddenly stepped forth in
full view and fired upon the company. "Face your enemies; fire!"
was the instant order of Joseph Richards who acted as captain.
All immediately discharged their pieces at the savage, who having
thus drawn their fire, instantly disappeared and escaped unharmed.
The remaining Indians springing from their and)ush in the rear,
immediately rushed forward with terrific whoops and yells. All the
guns on both sides having been discharged, an exciting race ensued.
The men fied down the road toward a deserted house owned by
John Richards. The Indians followed with caution, lest some of
the guns might still remain loaded. The flying party, except John
Richards, who was wounded succeeded in reaching the house.
Closing the door behind them, they planted themselves firmly
against it and hastened to reload their guns. But before they could
accomplish this, the Indians mounted to the roof, tore ofi" the poles
•of which it was constructed, and falling upon the now defenseless
men, dispatched them in the most brutal manner. The guns of the
murdered men were afterwards found half-loaded; and an unfinished
web which ^Irs. Richards had left in the loom, was stained with the
blood of her neighbors. John Richards, instead of following the
others, directed his flight towards the garrison where his wife was
dwelling; but before he could reach it, an Indian overtook him, and
with uplifted tomahawk was about to take his life. Richards called
for quarter and was spared. His wound not being dangerous, and
being able to travel, he was carried prisoner to Canada. This

INDIAN HISTORY. 23

massacre occurred near the spot Avhere a sclioolhouse now stands,
on the main road. The ambush was a short distance this side, near
where Bidiield Meserve now resides. Taking the wounded Rich-
ards with them, the Indians, to escape pursuit, struck hastily into
^"hitehall swamp. After kilUng some cattle and cutting out their
tongues and a feu- tidbits, thev came out on the Salmon Falls road
near Adams's Corner, Here a party of men were at work in the
field, one of whom had stationed his son, Jonathan Dore, a boy of
twelve years, on the fence to keep a sharp lookout and give the
alarm if any Indians appeared. As in youthful innocence he sat
whistling on the fence, the Indians suddenly came in sight. He
gave the alarm and the men all escaped ; but Ijefore he could get
down from the fence the Indians had seized him. The father from
his hiding-place saw his son captured and carried away, but knew
that all attempts at rescue were hopeless.

The foregoing account of the capture of Richards and the slaugh-
ter of his companions is founded upon a few lines in Belknap's His-
tory. In order to form a more minute and connected narrative,
incidents and particulars derived from tradition and other sources
have here been added. The correctness of Belknap's history of the
aliair has been unjustly questioned by a great-grandson of Richards,
who received a difterent version from his father Tristram. His
account was published in a history of the Richards family by Rev.
Abner Morse. The following is the account as given in Mr. Morse's
book, and is, to say the least, interestmg : —

" Richards and the other young man [doubtless meaning Dore] having arrived
in Canada and appearing to be contented, were permitted to go out hunting with
the Indians ; and as they did not try to escape were, after about a year, allowed to
go out alone. They then planned a way to escape. They found a large hollow
log in the forest, and prepared it to hide in. As they passed that way they stowed
a part of their provision there, and one evening crawled into the log out of sight.
The Indians, finding that Richards and his mate did not come home at dark as
usual, were soon searching for them, making the woods ring with their calls and
answers, and many times passed over the log. After twenty-four hours' search the
Indians gave them up and retired to their wigwams. Richards and his mate
hearing no more of the Indians, then crept from their hiding-place and started for
Rochester. Their scanty allowance was soon gone, and they began to suffer from
hunger and fatigue. Richards's mate now gave himself up to die, as he could go
no further. Richards, being loath to leave him, carried him some distance, but
finding his own strength failing also, and the young man begging Richards not
to die with him, but to save his own life if possible, he reluctantly consented
to do so. They found here the entrails of a deer, which some hunter had left,
and striking a fire, broiled it on the coals. 'This,' said Richards, 'was the sweet-
est meat that I ever ate.' He now left his companion, but had proceeded but
a little way when he heard dogs barking behind him, and returning discovered

24 ROCHESTEK.

that some hunters had found his friend. They were from Rochester, and carried
Richards and his friend home."

Not to dwell upon the improbabilit}- that hunters from Rochester
should have been, in time of war, at such a dangerous distance in
the wilderness in the enemy's country, it is veil known that Dore did not
esccqye as related. After careful investigation there is no doubt the
following accounts are substantially correct. Belknap's general
accuracy as a historian is unquestioned. He derived his information
of this particular event from the Rev. Joseph Haven, at a period when
many persons were still living who dwelt here "when these events took
place. Even Richards himself lived in the village after Mr. Haven's
settlement here. The account also agrees with the tradition pre-
served and credited by the people in the locality of the tragedy.

Richards was kindly used by the Indians, and under their skillful
treatment his wound was soon healed. After remaining a year and
a half in Canada, he was sent by a flag of truce to Boston, and
thence returned to his friends at Rochester. He bought the place
now owned by a son of Hon. Jacob H. Ela, and here lived till 1792^
when he died at the age of seventy. His son of the same name inher-
ited the place, and for years was a miller in the Home and Hurd mill,,
opposite where Dea. Barker's grist-mill now stands. He served
throuo-h the Revolutionarv War: was in the battle of Bunker Hill
and at the surrender of Ticonderoga, where he narrowly escaped
capture. He was also at the battle of Bennington and at the sur-
render of Burgoyne. He is remembered by many now li\ang. The
followincr lines are commemorative of Richards and his mill : —

" Roll on, fair river ! yield your torrent still,
And turn with vigorous sweep Old Richards' mill.
AVhile others sing the men and deeds of fame,
Be ours to consecrate Old Richards' name.
For oft the aged miller at his hearth
Detained our boyish troop with well-timed mirth;
Told us strange tales, nor waited to be pressed.
Laughing old man ! he loved the tale and jest ;
Strong was his arm, and while the mill went round,
He hooped his pails and tubs with clattering sound.
His long gray coat with dust was thick beset;
His broad-brimmed hat was hat and epaulette;
Nor was he all for jesting, — in a trice
He sober gi'ew, and gave us sage advice,
With shake of head and keen emphatic eye
Descanting loud on truth and honesty.
But baffled oft to make his audience hear,
AVhen wheels and tubs and hammer claimed the ear,
He raised his voice, and with its accents shrill
Defied the deafening clamor of the mill."

INDIAN IIISTORY. 25

Xothiiia: was lieartl of vouiiic Dore until the surrender of Fort
William Henry in August, 1757, more than eleven years after his
capture. This fort was garrisoned by British soldiers, among
whom were recruits from Is'ew Hampshire towns. When compelled
to surrender, it was stipulated that the French should protect the
garrison from the Indians, who were ready to massacre them. But
the French perfidiously abandoned the garrison, after they had laid
down their arms and marched out of the fort, and one of the most
horrible scenes of butchery recorded in American annals took place.
The Indians were unrestrained, and nearly half of the garrison were
murdered. Among the 'New Hampshire soldiers who escaped was
a Dover man. On his arrival home he declared confidently that he
had seen Jonathan Dore. Dore's father's house had been a stopping-
place for teamsters who came from Dover to Rocliester for the pur-
pose of logging on the iSalmon Falls river. This man had been
there frequently, and knew Dore well when a child. He said that
when the massacre became general after the surrender of the fort,
he fied to the woods and ^^'as closely pursued by an Indian. When
he found the Indian was within a few feet of him, having no way of
escape he turned round and faced the Indian, to meet his unavoid-
able fate. The uplifted tomahawk was just descending upon his
head when he recognized, amid the paint and costume of the Indian,
the eves of Jonathan Dore. The recognition seemed mutual. The
Indian dropped his tomahawk by his side and walked slowly back
to the fort. This storv of the soldier gained little credit. It was
not thought possible that the boy of twelve could be recognized in
the man of tu^enty-three painted and dressed as a native of the wil-
derness. Xothing more was heard of Dore until December, 1759,
when he suddenly made his appearance in Rochester, after an ab-
sence of thirteen years and a half. His story was substantially as
follows: — He was treated kindly and adopted into the St. Francis
tribe, to which his captors belonged. He married an Indian girl at
an early age, and had several children. He acquired the habits and
disposition of an Indian, and almost forgot that he was descended
from another race. He bore a part in all the cruelties at the taking
of Fort William Henry. A white man whom he was pursuing
turned upon him just in season to arrest the descending tomahawk,
and then Dore saw a face which had been familiar to him in the
days of childhood. The recollection of his father's fireside and the

26 ROCHESTER.

happy scenes of his boyhood instantly rushed upon his mind ; his
arm fell by his side ; he Avalked back to the fort overpowered by the
long-forgotten associations so unexpectedly and so vividly revived
within him, and took no further part in that horrible tragedy.
From that time he thought often of his boyhood home, but his wife
and children bound him to the Indians with ties too strong to be
severed. The villao-e of the St. Francis tribe contained a mixed
population of French and Indians. On the evening of October 3,
1759, a wedding was celebrated in the village, at which a French
priest officiated. The [trincipal warriors of the tribes were absent
on a hunting expedition. During the wedding ceremonies persons
were heard around the ^\^g^vam supposed to be Indians who had not
been invited to the wedding. The result proved that they were
spies of that noted Kew Hampshire ranger, Major Robert Rogers,
who was seeking an <)p[)()rtunity to revenge the massacre at Fort
William Henrv, and discovered that evening that manv of the war-
riors were absent from home. The dance went on, and the festivi-
ties did not end till long after midnight. Dore had some corn to
husk a short distance from the village, aiul as it would soon be day-
light, instead of retiring to rest he thought he would go into the
field and husk his corn. Just before dawn he heard the sound of
guns. He supposed some of the Indians, who like himself had
chosen not to go to sleep after the wedding frolic, were shooting-
ducks. But soon, hearing a general discharge of muskets, he knew
that an enemy was among them, and kept himself concealed. From
his hiding-place he sa>v the women and children rushing into the
water for escape, being there shot or otherwise killed. It was a
horrid scene, equal to any Indian butchery. An hour or two later
he saw the smoke and Hames of their burning village, and after all
seemed quiet he crept cautiously forth. A sad picture met his gaze.
Of the l)eautiful village of the St. Francis tribe nothing but smoking
ruins remained. Their richlv ornamented church and all their
dwellings had shared one common fate. The dead bodies of their
old men and women and children were strewn in all directions.
Such was the summary vengeance visited u[)on the St. Francis tribe
by Major Rogers and his company of Rangers, for the massacre at
Fort W^illiam Henry. After long search among the ruins, Dore dis-
covered the bodies of his wife and children, and hastily deposited
them in one grave. No living being met his eye. He knew not

INDIAN HISTORY. 27

where the remainder of his tribe had fled. The objects of his afl:ec-
tion were buried. The ties which bound him to the Indians were all
sundered, and his thoughts turned toward the home of his childhood.
He soon returned to Rochester, and settled on a farm in Lebanon,
Me., where he spent the remainder of his days. He married again,
but hax'ing no children adopted a boy named John Dixon, who
became heir to his farm which he occupied for some years.
As might be expected, Dore was as killful marksman, being expert
as an Indian in the use of tl^ bow. He usually spent his winters in
hunting, taking John Dixon with him. Upon his last excursion,
being near the fork of the Kennebec, they met an Indian with whom
Dore had a violent altercation, during which they pointed their guns
at each other. Finally the Indian stepping backwards, disappeared
without turning his face from Dore. Dixon witnessed this but did
not understand its meaning, till Dore tokl him that the Indians were
determined to kill him, that he should immediately start for home,
and that he, Dixon, must make his wa}' back as best he could.
They then separated, and Dore arrived home in ten days, while his
companion was two weeks in reaching the first white settlement in
Ossipee. The Indian whom they met was a relative of Dore's first
wife, and it is believed that the Indians accused Dore of betraying
them to the whites on account of his sudden disappearance wdien
their village was destroyed. On the subject of the loss of his Indian
family Dore was reserved, and would enter into no conversation
about it. He was often heard singing the song he was singing when
the Indians took him on the fence. After his return he was alwaj^s
known as "Indian Dore." He died in Lebanon about 1816.*

The excitement produced by the atrocity of the twenty-seventh of
June cannot easily be imagined. The suddenness of the attack, —
its locality the most thickly settled part of the town, — the exciting
nature of the struggle, — the death of so many of their friends and
neighbors, — the capture of the wounded Richards and the youthful
Dore, — and the escape of the enemy before pursuit could be made, —
all must have roused the feelings of the people to an intense degree.
It is apparent from the haste with which they adopted measures for

*Two somewhat different accounts are given by the author. They are here combined and rec-
onciled as nearly as possible. The autliorities cited are Judge Noah Tebbets, who " forty years
ago interested himself in the remarkable history of this man," and T. M. Wentworth, Esq., of
Lebanon, Me., " who was brought up near the place where ' Indian Dore ' lived." Mr. W. gives
the name of Dore's adopted boy as Jonathan Rankins. The other name has been given above
because it is the one used by the author in the later sketch. \^Editor.\

28 ROCHESTER.

future security, that great anxiety prevailed. Xo sooner were tlie
remains of the murdered men buried, than a petition was dispatched
to the Governor and Assembly at Portsmouth, representing the dan-
gerous situation of the inhabitants, and begging for a guard of sol-
diers to protect them. This petition —

" Humbly sheweth that the inhabitants are few in number, — in indigent circum-
stances, ^living in a wilderness, — and are continually liable to the assaults of the
barbarous Indian enemy, who have killed within the past week four men, and
taken prisoners one man and a boy; — they have killed and wounded a considerable
number of our cattle ; — they are continually lurking about our houses and fields, and
are seen by some of us almost every day ; — we cannot go out or come in without
being liable to fall by them, — and our families are suffering because we are not able
to go to our labor. * * * Therefore, we pray your Excellency and your Hon-
ors to take our deplorable circumstances under your wise consideration, and extend
to us your paternal care and affection by allowing us a suitable number of soldiera
to guard us iu our garrisons and about our necessary employments."

The excitement had not sul)sided when another event occurred,
which carried it to a still greater height, and added another life lost
to the list of their calamities. Traces of Indians had been discov-
ered in the sand near the Heath brook at Norway Plain, and, in expec-
tation that a party -were on the way to attack the settlement, a
company of men concealed themselves at night beside the road, a
short distance below Norway Plain brook, at the foot of Haven's
Hill, intending to ambush the Indians when they came along.
Upon the approach of the enemy, however, one of these sentinels,
Moses Roberts, became alarmed, and began to creep through the
bushes toward his neighbor, who seeing the bushes wave, tired upon
him, supposing him to be an Indian. Roberts died the next morn-
ing, blaming only himself and justifying the man who shot him.

To support the petition of the inhabitants the Rev. Amos Main was
sent to Portsmouth. His mission proved successful, for besides the
assurance of soldiers to protect them, he brought back a very sub-
stantial token of the "paternal care and affection" of the authorities
in the form of a huge cannon, — one of the iron guns of Queen
Anne's time, — for the safe return of which, when demanded, he
gave his receipt in a large sum.

Throughout the summer and autumn and a part of the winter,
scouting parties of soldiers were stationed in the town, who went
their daily rounds upon the most traveled roads near the garrisons,
and from one garrison to another, occasionally making longer
marches when special reasons required. These parties or squads

INDIAN HISTORY. 29

usually cousisted of from twelve to twenty men, who were relieved
every few weeks by fresh soldiers. When long marches across the
country were to be made, tlie number was much larger. Upon
report that a party of thirty Indians had killed a man at Pennacook
(Concord), and were approaching Rochester, Gov. Wentworth
ordered Major Da^^s with a detachment of forty men to march to
Rochester, to scout about the town. Similar cases frequently
occurred. It was doubtless owing to such precautions and the con-
tinual presence of soldiers that there was no further loss of life this
year.

In the spring of 1747 the inhabitants again found it necessary to
petition for a guard, and as a strong argument wdiy this favor ought
to be extended to them, they set forth that no less than twenty of
their brethren were enlisted in His Majesty's service for the Canada
expedition. Driven by distress and fear of the enemy, several fami-
lies had alreadv removed from the town. The r»etitioners confessed
themselves unable to defend the settlement. Their only dependence
for succor and relief was upon the provincial authorities, and while
they acknowledged with hearty thanks the protection granted dur-
ing the past year, yet unless the same could be continued, they said
they must unavoidably move away and leave all their improvements
to destruction by the Indians. Major Davis, with thirty men, was
sent for their protection. Uncommon danger nmst have threatened
the settlement at this time, for at a public town-meeting in the fob
lowino- October, the town voted their o-rateful acknowledo-ment to the
Governor and Council for sending Major Thomas Davis with thirty
soldiers, who by his prudent, diligent, and careful management,
under Divine Providence, had been instrumental of defeating the
enemy in their attempts against them, and so of preserving their
lives. It is probable there had been an engagement, for on jMay 23,
1747, Samuel Drown, a soldier, had been wounded in the hip. The
ball was never extracted, and he was for a long time taken care of at
the expense of the Province. He died in 1795, aged 90 years.

Every one who has traveled the l^eck road remembers the spring
by the roadside, about half a mile below Gonic, between the Rich-
mond Henderson house and Dudle}' Hayes's. On the seventh of
June, 1747, three boys, John and George Place, and Paul Jenness,
discovered a company of Indians lying in ambush near this spring.
The Indians fired upon them, and John Place returned the fire,

30 ROCHESTER.

wounding one of their number. Jenness presented his gun in a
threatening manner without tiring, and by keeping it aimed at the
Indians prevented them from rushing upon them until a party of
men at work in the field near by came to their relief, and the Indians
were put to flight. The wounded Indian was traced by the stains of
blood for a long distance.

A few rods from the road leading from liochester Milage to Gonic,
and not far from the latter place, in a quiet spot half encircled by
trees which line the high river bank, several rough, unlettered
stones, indistinctly visible to the passing traveler, mark the resting-
place of some of the early inhabitants. One of these graves is that
of Jonathan Hodgdon's wife, who was killed by the Indians, May 1,
1748. The locality of her death is just beyond the " Great Brook,"'
on the right hand side of the road, nearly opposite the place of her
burial. She had gone out on a still Sabbath morning to find and
milk her cows. A considerable party of Indians lying concealed
upon Ham's hill, which commanded a \'iew of Squamanagonic gar-
rison, had been for several days watching all the movements of the
settlers. Tradition says it was their plan to watch the fort until they
saw the men depart with their guns to the church, and then surprise
and capture the women and children left behind, and finally waylay
the men as they should return, — a favorite stratagem of these tribes.
But when they saw Ilodgdon and his wife leaving the fort together,
they determined to capture them. Mrs. Ilodgdon was seized and
the Indians endeavored to keep her quiet and carry her away as a
prisoner, but as she persisted in screaming they killed her on the
spot. Her husband, who was a short distance away, hearing her
cries hastened to her rescue, intending, if she were taken by the In-
dians, to surrender himself also. He arrived at the instant of her
death, while the savages were in the act of scalping her. Presenting
his gun it missed fire, but he made his escape to the garrison.* The
news spread rapidly. The old iron cannon upon the hill charged, it
is said, with nine pounds of powder, thundered its note of alarm, —
heard even at Portsmouth. Hundreds of people gathered from near
and far. At tAvo o'clock in the afternoon a company of light horse
arrived from Portsmouth, and the country was scoured as far as
Lake Winnipiseogee, but without success. It was believed that

*. Jonathan Hotlgdon married again and liail in all twenty-one children. He died in 1815,
aged 90.

INDIAN HISTORY.

the Indians concealed themselves upon islands in the river near
onr village.

Governor Wentworth had already ordered several well-known In-
dian lighters to raise men and to he constantly ready to protect the
settlers. Under date of March 26, Capt. Job Clements of Dover
had been directed —

" to impress or inlist into His Majesty's service thirty-five eifective men — and
scout with them, in the neighborhood of Eochester, which scouting yoi; are to
repeat as often as you shall judge it for the safety and protection of the inhabitants."

The pay of the men was £2 158. per month. The seven first
named on the roll came to Rochester, May 4, and were doubtless en-
gaged in the search above related. The following are the names on
the —

" Muster-Roll of a company of pressed men, under command of Capt. Job
Clements, at Rochester and Barrington, in 1748 " : —

Joiin Hodgdon, Sergeant.

John Howe.

Samuel Toby,

Nicholas Weeks.

Edward Man.

Joseph Downing.

Peter, negro belonging to

Greenleaf.
John Huntress.
Daniel Allen.
William Johnson.
John Leavitt.
Elias Tarlton.
Thomas Wentworth.
Jonathan Kicker.
James Perkins.

James Wilkson.
Edward Man.
Joseph Rawlings.
James Perkins.
John Huntress.
Joseph Downing.
Daniel Bunker.
Aaron Bickford.
Daniel Conne}^
Ebenezer Xock.
James Hall.
Bryant Davis.
Ephraim Eicker.
■Joseph Downs.
Moses Eicker.
Samuel Ham.

Ebenezer Jones.
William Hill.
Edward Burroughs.
James Xute.
Moses Pinkhara
Abraham Plaice.
James Clements.
Benjamin Ricker.
Sam uel Wey m outh .
Jacob Allen.
Ichabod Bickford.
John McCoy.
John Lewis.
Thomas Hainack.

The repetition of names doubtless indicates a re-enlistment after
one month's service.

The attack of May 1st was the last attempt of the Indians in
Rochester. Such vigor of pursuit perhaps deterred them from sub-
sequent attacks. Peace took place the following year, — a peace
of short duration, for in 1754 the sword was resumed. In these
later wars, however, the Indians were not so cruel and barbarous as
before. Prisoners were so valuable for redemption that they secured
as many as possible alive, and kindly cared for them, sharing their
food with them in times of scarcity. The settlers also, through ex-
posure and experience, had become better warriors, and understood
better how to cope ^^^th their savage and wily foes. Heretofore the

32 ROCHESTER.

Englisli had carried on the war in a desultory and feel)le manner,
whicli encouraged their enemies to undertake these marauding and
murderous expeditions. From this time the English displayed more
vigor, and, fitting out formidable expeditions against Canada, largely
relieved the eastern settlements from the calamities of the war.
The British officers, however, sent press-gangs into the towns to im-
press men into their service. The people of liochester petitioned to
be exempted from the press, but it does not appear tluit the request
was granted. When the press-gang visited the town, Jabez Dame
concealed himself until the danger was past ; but having informed
the girl he was courting of his intentions, he volunteered tlie next
morning.

The following are the names of some of the riochester men
engaged in His Majesty's service at this time : —

Lieut. John McDuffee. Jabez Dame. Ichabod Cor.soii.

Daniel Alley. Ensign ^^'m. Allen, Gershora Down;*.

John ('opp. Jr. William Berry. Eleazar Rand.

The war was virtually closed in 1759 by the surrender of Quebec.
The following year all the remaining French possessions in Western
Canada were surrendered to the Eno-lish, and the eastern settlements
found a permanent peace from the ravages of the Indians.

CHAPTEE III.

INCORPORATION AND CHARTER.

The ISTew Ilampsliire Register gives but nine places incorporated
before Rochester. An idea of the population and progress of the
Province at this time mav be formed from the followino; statement,
dated ten ^^ears later.

Whole number of ratable inhabitants in X. H. . . . , . 2,046

" " two-stovy dwelling-houses ...... 1,316

" " one-story dwelling-houses ...... 606

" " acres of improved land ...... 16,434

or less than one third of the present area of this town. This does
not include several townships then recenth' granted, some of which
had not been settled.

A few years prior to 1722 al)0ut one hundred families of Scotch
Presbyterians with their four ministers, having " conceived an ardent
and inextinguishable thirst for civil and relio-ious libertv," arrived
in Boston from the north of Ireland, where they had settled in the
reign of James I. By permission of the colony of Massachusetts
many of these families settled above Haverhill upon a tract of land
which they called ]^uttield. The town was incorporated in the same
year with Rochester, and was named Londonderry, from the city in
Ireland in which many of these settlers had resided, and where some
of them had endured the hardships of a memorable siege. These
people iirst introduced here the art of manufacturing linen, and the
culture of the potato. Their spinning-wheels turned by foot were a
great curiosity in the country. The}' were an industrious, thrifty
people, and among their descendants have been ci\il and military
officers of the hio-hest rank, and men eminent for learnina:and everv
desirable accomplishment. Being among the early settlers of many
places in Xew Hampshire and Vermont, an account of these people
often finds a conspicuous place in town histories. It is known that
some of them settled in Rochester, and amons; the familv names

34 ROCHESTER.

now familiar to us, are those whicli appear in the early records of
Londonderry.

The settlement of these immigrants in Londonderry first gave a
stimnlns to the inhabitants of the older towns to prepare new plan-
tations. They regarded the new-comers with jealous eyes. Had
not they themselves fought the king's wars? Had they not endured
the hardships and privations incident to the wilderness? And were
they not therefore entitled to the choicest and most fertile lands in
preference to strangers? Should they be restrained within the limits
of the old towns? Thus reasoning they soon began to petition for
new townships and grants of land. Special reasons founded upon
conflicting claims to the lands, kept these petitions for a long time
in suspense, but at length the}^ were favorably regarded, and in May,
1722, Harrington, Chester, jSTottiugham, and Rochester were incor-
porated. The signing of the charters of these four towns was the
last act of government performed b}' Col. Samuel Shute, his Maj-
esty's governor of the colonies of Massac-liusetts and Xew Hamp-
shire. Having once learned to evade all difficulties as to title, by
inserting the saving clause, '■'• (is far as in us lies," other grants through-
out the Province rapidly followed. The towns mentioned appear to
have been named from distinguished British statesmen of that day.
Viscount Barrington was brother to Gov. Shute. The Earl of
llochester was brother-in-law to James TL., and was one of the most
eminent men of his time. Macaulay says: —

" A statesman, who subsequently rose to the highest eminence to which a British
subject can reach, soon began to attract a large share of the public attention.

Lawrence Hyde [Earl of Rochester] was the second son of the Chancellor Clar-
endon, and was brother of the first Duchess of York. He had excellent parts
which had been improved by parliamentary and diplomatic experience ; but the
infirmities of his temper detracted much from the effective strength of his abilities.
Negotiator and courtier as he was, he never learned the art of governing or con-
cealing his emotions. When prosperous, he was insolent and boastful; when he
sustained a check, his undisguised mortification doubled the triumph of his ene-
mies; very slight provocations sufficed to kindle his anger; and when he was angry
he said bitter things which he forgot as soon as he was pacified, but which others
remembered many years. His quickness and penetration would have made him a
consummate man of business but for his self-sufficiency and impatience. His writ-
ings prove that he had many of the qualities of an orator, but his irritability pre-
vented him from doing himself justice in debate, for nothing was easier than to
goad him into a passion; and from the moment when he went into a passion he
was at the mercy of opponents far inferior to him in capacity. Unlike most of the
leading politicians of that generation, he w'as a consistent, dogged, and rancorous
party man, a cavalier of the old school, a zealous champion of the crown and of the
church, and a hater of republicans and non-conformists. He had consequentlj'^ a
great body of personal adherents. The clergy especially looked on him as their

INCORPORATION AND CHARTER. 35

own man, and extended to his foibles an indulgence of which, to say the truth, he
stood in some need, for he drank deep; and when he was in a rage, and he very
often was in a rage, he swore like a porter."

Those who are acquainted with the style of this historian, know
well with what exaggerated outline his characters are frequently
drawn, rendering them in some instances mere caricatures, and will
be able to make a proper allowance.

Rochester became exceedingl}' popuhir in England. During sev-
eral reigns the whole kingdom had been violently agitated by ques-
tions of religion, Protestants and Catholics striving for the ascend-
ency with an alternation of success. James upon his accession
endeavored to establish the supremacy of Popery. Protestants could
not be retained in the principal offices of government. Rochester
had for years held the exalted position of lord treasurer; he clung
tenaciously to the office; he pleaded for delay; he listened to set
arguments fi'om the most learned of the papist clergy, who labored
for his conversion; yet when neither evasion nor his relationship
to the king could longer save him from a direct choice between his
treasurership and his religion, he deliberately sacrificed his high office.

" The Old and New Testaments, the martyrologies of Eusebius and Fox were
ransacked to find parallels for liis heroic piety. He was Daniel in the lion's den,
Shadrach in the fiery furnace, Peter in the dungeon of Herod, Paul at the bar of
Nero, Ignatius in the amphitheater, Latimer at the stake."

Such was the admiration excited by his constancy. Doubtless the
rigid Protestants of ^N'ew Hampshire deemed it an honor to have the
new town named after so distinguished a leader.

To be among the grantees of the new plantations was a privilege
eagerly sought. The prospect of receiving, gratuitously, an ample
tract of land, either a whole share of five hundred acres, or even a
fractional part of a right, was certainly alluring to those Avho had
been so long confined to tlie limits of the old towns. That all who
signed the petition, however, did not become grantees, is certain.
It is not so well known what c^ualifications were required for propri-
etorship, or for A^'hat reason some were selected to receive whole
shares, while others had to be content with a half, a third, or a quar-
ter. Upon examination of the schedule, however, it can hardly
escape the notice of any one, that while the whole share proprietors
include the Governor, Lieut. Governor, members of the council,
and others whose consequence is indicated by such titles as Col.,

36 ROCHESTER.

Lieut.-Col., Capt., Lieut., and Ensign, tlic smaller proprietors have
no such preiix to their names. Evidently the poorer citizens, those
who most needed the lands, were not the ones to receive them.

Most of the inhabitants of Dover, with persons from Portsmouth,
iNewington, and Oyster River (Durham), joined in the petition for
the new township) of Rochester. The following- is from the Journal
of the Council and Assembl v : —

" Province of New Hampshihe.

"At a General A.sseiubly held at Portsmouth by adjournment ^lay o, 1722.

The petition of sundry persons mostly of The Town of Dover, praying for a Tract
of Land above The said Town, &c was Read at the board and ordered To be deliv-
ered To Col. A\'aldron and Capt. Wentworth, That They might Collect out of the
said petitioners such persons as They Thought proper to be proprietors and present
The same To The board for approbation."

The lands had been surveyed to tix the limits of the proposed
township: Col. AValdron and Capt. Wentworth had performed the
duty assigned them, when " the Greatest part of s\l petitioners with
sundry other persons," meaning, doubtless, the Governor, L't Gov-
ernor and members of the Council, were incorporated into a body
politic. At a Council meeting May 10, 1722, —

'•Several Charters being prepared by order of His Excellency The Gov'r and
Council for granting away sundry tracts of land in This I'rovince and incorporating
the Grantees, were This day laid before The board, and being Read were signed
and sealed (namely)

1 Chester Charter, dated the 8th Instant

2 Nottingham')

3 Barrington - dated This day

4 Rochester )

Copy's of which Cliarters are on file."'

Fragments of the original Charter of Rochester, bearing the Pro-
vincial seal mucli oljliterated, and the signature of Gov. Shute,
remain in the Town Clerk's office. The writing is in the bold and
beautiful hand of Col. Richard Waldron, clerk of the Council.
The Proprietors' Book contains a copy of this important document,
which will well repay a perusal. Its provisions are novel and inter-
esting. As nearly as it can be copied in print, it is as follows : —

GEORGE by the Grace of God of Great Brittain France and Ireland King
Defender of the faith &c

TO ALL PEOPLE to whom these Presents shall come GREETING :

KNOW ye That WE of our especial Knowledge and mere motion for the due

encouragement of settling a new Plantation by and with the Advice & Consent

of our Council have given and granted and By these Presents as far as in I'S lies

do give and grant unto Sundry OUR beloved subjects whose names are enroU'd in

INCORPORATION AND CHARTER. 37

a schedule hereunto anexed in the Proportion and after the maner therein men-
tion'd all that tract of Land lying and being between the river of Salmons falls
and the Northeastern side line of Barrington being bounded at the Southeast end
by Dover head line, and to run northwesterly into the Country and Southwesterly
upon Barrington head-line — according to the discretion of a Committee which
shall be appointed by the Proprietors to lay out the same not Exceeding the quan-
tity of ten miles square together with all the waters rivers rivolets and appurtinan-
ces within (and belonging to) the same and that It be a Town Corporate by the
name of Rochester : To have and To hold the s'd land with its appurtinances
emoluments and Privileges unto the said Grantees in the proportions and the man-
ner mentioned in the afores"d annexed Schedule (which is part of this Charter) and
to their heirs and assigns forever upon the following Conditions.

1st That the Proprietors of every share (except Parsonage School and furst
Ministers) build a dwelling house within three years and settle a family therein
and break up Three Acres of Ground and Plant or sow the same within four years
and pay his or their Proportion of the Town charges when and so often as occasion
shall require the same.

2d That a Meeting house be built for the Publick worship of God within the s'd
term of four years.

And if any Proprietors shall make default in complying with the conditions of
this Charter on his part such Delinquent shall forfeit his Share to the other Pro-
prietors which shall be Disposed of by a major vote at the then next legal Proprie-
tors Meeting. But in Case of an Indian-war within the four years then the s'd
Grantees shall have the same space of four years for performance of the above
conditions after such impediment of settling is removed Eendering and Paying for
the same to US OUE heirs and successors the annual quit-rent of one pound of
turpentine in the said Town if lawfully demanded on the first day of July yearly
and every year forever. Reserving also unto US OUR HEIRS and successors all
Mast trees growing on the s'd Tract of land according to the Acts of Parliament
in that Case made and Provided AND for the better order rule and Government of
the s'd Town of Rochester WE DO BY THESE PRESENTS for OUR selves
OUR heirs and successors grant unto the s'd Grantees to appoint and hold Town
and Proprietors Meetings from time to time as occasion requires and to chuse all
officers that are proper for the management of Town and Proprietary affairs with
all the powei's privileges & authoritys which any other Town within this Province
hath enjoy'd doth enjoy or ought to enjoy according to the laws customs & usages
thereof. IN TESTIMONY whereof WE have caused the seal of OUR said Pro-
vince to be hereunto affix'd WITNESS Samuel Shute Esqr : OUR Cap't General
and Governor in Chief in and over OUR s'd Province at Portsmo : the tenth day
of May in the eighth year of OUR REIGN annoq Domini 1722

By order of His Excellency
Y* Govr : with the advice
of the Council.

RICHARD WALDRON Cler : Cou.

The tevm. ^^quitrent" used in the charter was appUecl to certain
kinds of rent, because the tenants thereby went quit and free of all
other services. The word came to be generally used to designate a
small or merely nominal rent reserved. The pitch pines which
abounded in Rochester might well have suggested turpentme as the
most proper form of quitrent. In the Londonderry charter the
annual quitrent was " one Peck of Potatoes,'' and, as we have seen, the
settlers of that town first introduced the culture of the potato. The

ROCHESTER.

quitreut for many other towns was "o/^e Ear of Indian Corn.'" The
''^ Mast trees''' mentioned were such pines as were judged suitahle for
masts to supph' the royal navy, and which the Enghsh government
was at that time expecting the American colonies to furnish. Survey-
ors were appointed to mark all such trees with " the broad arrow^^
and laws with severe penalties were enacted against cutting them.
On the back of the charter is the followino-; —

A Schedule of the names of the Proprietors of the Town of Rochester with their
respective proportions ascertained being Part of the Charter.

First Whole Share Proprietors:

Col". Richard Waldron

Cap" Benj^ Wentworth
L' Col'' James Davis
Cap" Sam" Tibbits
L' Jos. Roberts
Cap" Tim'' Gerrish
Cap" Paul Gerrish
L* Tristram Herd
Cap" Tho- Tibbits
L' John Ham
Cap" Paul "Wentworth
Ens: John Waldron
Benj" Wentworth
Eph" Wentworth
Gersh'" Wentworth Jun"^
Cap" Step'"' Jones
L' Jos: Jones
Cap" Fraues Mathes
Sher : Benj^' Gambling-
Cap" John Knight
Ens: Isra' Hodgsdon
Dea° Gersh'" Wentworth
Thomas Young
John Bussey
Eben'' "N'arney
Eli Demerit
L' John Smith

Whole
share.

1 130

- L' Jon" Woodman

S Whole
1 share.

}ST

' Jos: Kent Sen'^

John Tompsou

. W"' Leathers

132

Peter Varanev

Eph" Tibbits'

125

Cap" John Downing

126

Benj" Bickford

101

W'" Furber

John Dam Sen''

George Walton

106

John Usher

John Wille

James Durgin

John Doe

• Thomas Drew of Bay

Jos: Jenks

•James Bunker

135

John Bickford Sen'

Thomas Robburts

Clem' Hughes

Rich'' Waldron Jun'

105

Parsonage

121

Use of Gramar School

Furst ordained )
Gospel Minister )

118

Secondly Half Share Proprietors.

L' Jos. Beard
& Son Plumer

John Burnam
Rob' Burnam

Thomas Hanson
John Hanson

Nat' Hanson

^ one share to be
>• Equally divided
) betwixt them.

\ Do

Henery Tibbits ) one share to be

Ens: John Tib- ^ Equally divided

bits Sligo. ) betwixt them.

Nich" Harford )

John Kenny

Thirdly Third Share Proprietors-
one share t l. o-
tobeEquallv .-■'{°^'^Sias

divided * ^' • James Burnam
betwixt them. ' J^^^u Sias Jun^

") one share
I to be Equally
{ divided

J betwixt them.

INCORPORATION AND CHARTER.

Tobias Hanson 1
Jos: Hanson >

Sam' Egerly ")
John Egerly Jun''

115

Benj* Hanson )

W'" Wormwood )

John Hayes )

Jos: Daniel ")

Peter Hayes >

Jos: Daniel Jun'' >

112

Ich* Hayes )

Jethro Bickford )

Sam" Hayes 1

Moses Davis Jun"^ )

W"' Hayes [

Tho' Wille

110

Benj» Hayes ]

W"> Jackson ]

Job Clements ~

John Hall 1

James Clements

Tho' Hall [

John Clements '

Sam' Carle '

Philip Chesley 'j

Eben^ Tuttle J

Ich* Chesley ' [

102

W" Twambly [

Jon'' Chesley ]

Jam^Guppy*^ J

Silv« Nock 1

Sam' Alley 1

Tho' Nock

Benj'' Post [

Zach: Nock 1

W™ Fost J

Richard Hussey '

Sam' Herd 1

Job Hussey >

Jam^ Herd >

109

Jos: Rankins ]

David Watson ]

Gersh'" Downs '

James Hobs '

►

Thomas Downs

Jos : Ham ^

134

Eben"" Downs

John Pearl

Sam" Downs

)

Eben"- Garland

W" Downs

Jabez Garland

Benj'' Stanton

Tho^ Wallingford ^

Nath" Perkins

)

Sam' Willey j

Sam" Perkins

120

John Xorwav

Josh-^ Perkins

)

Edw" Whthouse ]

John Rickar

W'" Blackstone 1

Meturin Rickar

>■ Do

133

Rich'' Hammock

Eph* Rickar

James Hanson j

Jos. Rickar

Tim" Robinson

)

Geo. Rekar

>• Do

Sam' Corson

>■ Do

Jer"" Rawliugs

John Rawlins

John Winget

}

John Drew

)

Moses Winget

[■ Do

John Cook

^ Do

Sam" Winget

)

■ Benj'' Pender

Valentine Hill

)

. Jos'* Stevenson

John Nutter

y Do

John York

Jam' Nutter

• John Ambler

James Nute

)

J"o Aston

Sam" Nute

y Do

. Jon" Crosby

100

Tho^ Tattle

. Ens Jos : Cliesley

Dan' Horn

Jos : Cheslev

)

W" Horn

>■ Do

'Sam'. Chesley

111

^y^ Horn Jun-^

•John Williams

Richard Pinckham

Salathid Denbow

}

Sol'^ Pinckham

Sam' Perkins

V Do

107

Amos Pinckham

W"> Clay

)

John Trickv

John Renolds

}

Tho' Tricky

[• Do

Job Renolds

}- Do

Hatevil Nutter

James Clark

Edwi Evans

• Nath Lummas

}

Jos. Evans

[ Do

J OS : Wheeler

[■ Do

Benj* Evans

Dan' Harvey

ROCHESTER.

Ens: Hatevil Xuttev ^
Henry Nutter >

Eleaz"" Coleman )
Tho^ Laiton Sen'' ^
John Carter I

V f

John Laiton back

)

river.
Peter Cook
Tho^Starbord Jun""

Tho^ Starbord \

Benj'' Mason )

Will'" Dam f-
Cap' John Leighton \

Xath' Randal )
Sam' Randal

W"i Randal \

Jos: Small 1

Zach: Small V

James Basford )

John Bickford )

Elea'' Bickford ^

Jos: Bickford >

Do
Do
Do
Do
Do

9<J

Moses Davis
Jam^ Huckins
Sam" Williams
John Williams
W" Hill
Abr"^ Clark
L'. Abr. Bennick
Elisha Critchet
John Moe
Wil"' Ellis
Geo : Walton Jun""
John Macpheadris
• Nich«. Follet
John Bucks
John Conner
John Bantum
Benedict Tar
Dan' Page

124

129

Fourthly Quarter-share Proprietors.

John Twombly "1

Jos : Twombly [

Benj" Twombly {

Sam'. Twombly J
Benj» Peirer "I

Eleaz'' Wier [

John Connor f

John Hogsdon
James Conner
Hugh Conner
Tho** Stevens
Rich''. Rooks
John Gray
Abuer Thurstin
Thos° Westcot
James Nock J

John Munsey "|

W" Jones !

Jos : Eastice [

Sam' Bray J

one share to
be Equally
divided
betwixt Them

I
J

Do 108

Morris Fowler "]

•John Hoit

Thos^ Alden

Benj". Green

Associates Admittd

Gov Shute for a home-lot & five

hund''. acers
L' Gov Wentworth
Sam' Penhallow a whole share
Marck Hunking
Geo : Jaffrey
Shad" Walton
Rich<i Wibird
Tho'^ Westbrook
Tho'^ Packer
Arch'' Macpheadris

104

itto

103

•e

116

136

122

123

137

131

128

Rochester Schedule being Part of the Charter and Contains one hund'' and
twenty five whole Shares to be proporticmed as herein Express:d amongst the Two
hundred and fifty three Proprietors herein Mention'd

Certifie:d

pr Rich*! Waldron Cler : Con.

By a subsequent vote of the Proprietors, Paul Gerrisli changed
his lot 125 for lot 80 which was called " bad land " by the com-
mittee. Joseph Jenkings Jun. who bought lot 124 of Moses Davis
and others, was allowed to exchange for lot 2, also called "bad land.'^

CHAPTER lY.

PROPRIETARY HISTORY.

A PUBLIC notice issued by four leading Grantees, called upon the
" Proprietors and Commoners " to assemble on the 9th of July,
1722, " at the meeting house in Cochecho to consider, debate, and
resolve such matters and things " as were necessary for the perform-
ance of the conditions of the charter. Col. Ricliard Waldron was
chosen Moderator, and Paul Gerrish, Town and Proprietors' Clerk.

The first condition of the charter required that within three years
the proprietors of every share should build a house and settle a fam-
ily therein, and within four ^-ears plant or sow three acres of ground.
The right of those who failed to comply was forfeited. In order to
facilitate the fulfilling of this condition, the following votes were
passed : —

" Voted that there be a Committe forthwith Chosen to run the bounds & Lay
out the lotts of the s<* Town according to the Charter and that they be allowed five
shillings Pr day Each for their service

Voted That the s'd Committe Consist of seven persons | vi : | L*. Col°. James
Mathes Cap". Tim° Gerrish Cap". Sam" Tebbits Cap". John Knight and Cap". Benj»
AVentworth who are (after they have Laid out and run the bounds of the s<^ Town
according to the Charter) to survey the land within the s<i Town and pitch upon the
most commodious part of the s'^ Town to be laid out in lotts with proper Roads and
streets and also a suitable Train-field, and the houses required to be built by the s"^
Charter shall be Erected on the s*^ lotts soe to be laid out by the respec-
tive owners of the s^^ lotts, and when the s*^ Committe shall have Compleated
there worck they are hereby Impowered to give Publick Notice to the Common-
ers to meet at time and place as they shall appoint to draw their several lott and
pay the Committes Charge for the service they have don "

The Clerk was directed to procure a " book consisting of three
quires of paper bound up in parchment at the charge of the com-
moners," to keep the records in. The only result of this meeting
was this three-quire book bound in parchment, a quaint looking,
substantial, but time-worn volume, — still extant as a silent witness
to the faithful services of the aforesaid Paul Gerrish, " Proprietor's
Clarck."

42 ROCHESTER.

The committee did not survey the lands, Indian hostilities had
already hrokcn out, and in less than a month war was declared, in
which, as we have seen in a preceding chapter, many of these proprie-
tors lost their lives. In anticipation of an Indian war already im-
minent, the charter had made provision, if such a war should arise
to prevent the settlement of the town, that after the impediment
should be removed, four years should be allowed for the fulfillment
of the conditions.

Nearly a year and a half after peace was concluded, and about live
years after the meeting above recorded, upon petition of eighty-four
proprietors, directed to two Justices of the Peace, a meeting was by
them called to be held on the 24th of April, 1727, for the purpose of
consulting upon the best means to forward the settlement of the town
which as vet remained an unbroken wilderness. Paul Gerrish was re-
chosen Clerk, and continued to serve in this capacity till his death,
in 1744. There were also chosen the first selectmen in the history
of the town, — C'apt. Francis Mathews, Capt. John Knight, and
Paul Gerrish. They were instructed to call upon the committee
appointed five years before, and request them to attend to the
duty of surveying and laying out the lands according to the vote.
So little interest was taken in the affairs of the new plantation that
it was five months before the committee reported. They recom-
mended a plan of division, which not being acceptable to the pro
prietors was voted to be " void and of no effect." In place of this
large committee, Capt. Kobert Evans was appointed surveyor, with
specific instructions how to proceed. One hundred and twenty-five
lots, being one lot for each share, containing sixty acres each, were
to be laid out in ranges from Salmon Falls river to Barrington line,
beginning with land adjacent to Dover. All land not fit for settle-
ment was to be passed over. Suitable roads were to be laid out
through every range. The rivers were reserved, also twenty acres
of land at every fall suitable for a mill. These mill privileges were
for many years a source of trouble to the proprietors, and afterwards
to the town, as it was found impossible to collect the rents. After
making his survey, Capt. Evans was to prepare a plan and go and
show the proprietors their respective lots. His wages were fixed at
fifteen shillings per day, an instance of the care with which the pro-
prietors guarded against difficulty in settling with their servants. It
was common for them to fix the price of service whenever they ap-

PROPRIETARY HISTORY. 43

pointed committees or agents. This was necessary in part, on account
of the constant depreciation of the colonial bills of credit. At this time
three pounds of currency were equal to only one of sterling. The
drawing of the lots began at the meeting-house in Cocheco, upon the
13th day of December, and was completed on the following day, at
Oyster River, whither the meeting had adjourned. Every proprie-
tor was notified to bring or send to this meeting money to pay his
proportion of the expenses thus far incurred, — twenty shillings a
whole share, parts of shares in proportion, — delinquents to expect
to be voted out. One member entered upon the record his " dis-
sent " from the last requirement, on the ground of injustice in taxing
for the expenses before any account of the same had been exhibited;
a point well taken, as the lawyers would say. The Rev. James
Pike was chosen to draw the lots. He was not a proprietor, and this,
with the fact of his sacred profession, affording the strongest guar-
antees of impartiality, may have suggested his selection. This did
not, however, prevent some dissatisfaction, for, at the request of ten
members, an article was inserted in the call for the next meeting to
see whether the proprietors would sustain the drawing or proceed
anew. The drawing was confirmed.

This division of home lots comprised all the land between Dover
and the Four Rod road which was laid out from Salmon Falls river
to Barrington, and is the same road which crosses the common at
the lower end of the village.

Another year elapsed before any permanent settlement was made.
As in most towns, thei^e is some question as to the claim of being
the first settler. This honor has usually been given to Capt.
Timothy Roberts of Dover. He was not a proprietor, but bought a
quarter of a share of Samuel Twombly of Dover in IS'ovember, 1728,
for which he paid ten pounds. The deed of Twombly to Roberts is
the first recorded conveyance of land in Rochester. He moved his
family into town, Dec. 26, 1728. The lot drawn by Twombly was
a part of number 90 in the first division, nearly opposite the farm
below Gonic now owned by Hon. John McDuftee, and here prob-
ably Roberts first settled. Tradition says that he settled on the main
road at the place now owned by George Yarney. He may have lived
there, but it was probably at a later date. The mill privilege at
Squamanagonic was leased to him for ten years, by the proprietors
in 1732, at a yearly rent of a little over seven pounds.

44 ROCHESTER.

Jonathan Ham claims that his great grandfather, Eleazer Ham,
moved into town a month or two before Capt. Roberts, but after
stopping one night returned to Dover from fear of the Indians, and
that he came back to Rochester on the same day with Capt. Roberts.
He settled nearly opposite the Roberts place, the cellar being still visi-
ble near where George Varney lives, and died there at the age of &8
years. Jonathan Ham has a deed of the place dated in 1729. He
says that he had this account from his grandfather, Ephraim Ham,
who died in 1817 at the age of 83, and who was the third white cliild
born in Rochester, the other two being his brothers who died of the
" throat distemper," and were both buried in one grave. One was
not named, the older was Xathaniel.

It is worthy of notice that the names now most common in town
are those which frequently recur in the list of proprietors. Among
these are Bickford, Edgerly, Evans, Foss, Ham, Hanson, Hayes,
Horn, Hurd, Roberts, Tebbets, Varney, Wentworth, and White-
house. Although some of the settlers were of the Scotch-Irish
immigrants, the town was settled principally by people from
Dover where most of the proprietors lived. Yet the proprietors
themselves formed no large part of the new settlers. Of the
first sixty families, not one fifth part were of actual proprie-
tors. To the original grantees the lands were rather a matter
of speculation and profit than of occupation and improve-
ment. In order to fulfill the condition of the charter requiring
owners of every share to settle a family within three years, proprie-
tors sometimes gave away a portion of their lands, usually the first
division lot, to any one who would settle thereon, and thus secure
their right in the lands yet undivided. In some instances the lands
were given by the proprietors to their sons who settled them.

After the settlement was once begun, it progressed more rapidly,
so that at the end of ten years there were sixty families in town, the
names of most of which are ascertained. There would have been
one hundred and twenty-five, had all complied with the charter con-
ditions. Great indulgence was evidently granted in this respect.
The records do not show that a proprietor was deprived of his right
for any cause, though sometimes those who failed to pay their pro-
portion of the charges were threatened with being voted out.

The lots thus far thrown open to settlement were comparatively
small, intended as homesteads whereon the people might be encour-

PROPRIETARY HISTORY. 45

aged to settle. Thus they would be near each other, until they were
stronger in number, and would not only enjoy the pleasures of
neighborhood, but be less exposed to danger from the enemy.

At a meeting of the Proprietors held in Dover, April 20, 1730 : —

" A'^oted that there be two hundred & forty acres of Land Laid out to Each Whole
Shiar in s<^ Town as a second Divition — that Cap". Robert Evans M"" James
Nute M"" John Trickey Cap". Frances Mathowes & m'' John Downing be appointed
as a Committe to Lay out the said Land in the Maner following Viz —

1^' Each mans Lot or second Divition is to Lay all to geather in one body or
Place

2'y To be Laid out in Raninges and the first Raing to begin upon the head of
the home Lotts or first Divition

3'y the s*^ Committe is to Leave such Land as they shall not think fit to settle by
or between any of the s"^ Divition or Rainges as a Common for the use of s'^ Pro-
prietors until their further Order

4'y to Leave for highways & roads were it shall be tho' Convenient

5'y to make allowances for Rivers & ponds were any shall happen to be Laid out
in any Lott.

6iy that Each of the Committe be allowed ten shillings Pr Day for the time
they shall spend in the woods for there service above s*^ — and to agree with a
survey"" & Chainmen to parfict the Laying out of said Land "

In the first and second ranges of this division was an extensive
level tract to which was given the name " Xorway Plain," doubtless
from the l!Torway pines with which it was thickly covered. In
accordance with the vote of the proprietors reserving to themselves
all mill privileges with a suitable quantity of the adjoining land, two
hundred and fifty acres or more of this plain was left common. It
was not numbered, as were the other lots, but simply marked on the
plan " Mille Comon." The diagram on the following page repre-
sents its exact form as copied from the plan of Capt. Eobert Evans,
the survej^or.

The curved line represents that part of the Cocheco river where
the mills are now situated. The Four Rod road, which now
crosses the common at the lower end of the village, as originally
planned, ran from the brook behind Otis's house, and joined the
present road at the fork near Kelley's, but this route was changed
for a higher location. The Ten Rod road is the road still called
by that name leading to Farmington, which, as originally planned,
extended across the river to the Four Rod road, by the west side of
the village, but the lower part was never opened. All who would
enjoy a view of our beautiful village, as it appeared one hundred
and fifty-five • years ago, may find it here. A little exercise of
imagination to supply the " silent sea of pines," will render the

ROCHESTER.

" MlLLE
COMON."

Four Rod Road.

PROPRIETARY HISTORY. 47

picture complete. If the spirit of Capt. Evans were permitted to
revisit the scene of his earthly lahors, he would find it difficult, even
with his trusty compass, to ascertain the precise latitude and longi-
tude of " Norway Plain Mille Comon."

A meeting for drawing the lots was held Dec. 14, 1730. At the
same time a town treasurer was first chosen. Hitherto the select-
men had performed the duties of this office. To receive and pay
out the money was not an onerous task, for the expenses were light,
and only small assessments had ever been necessary ; simpl}^ sufficient
to pay for making surveys and dividing the lands. ]^ow, however^
business of greater importance arose, requiring a financial agent. To
advance the settlement as rapidly as possible, and thus enhance the
value of their lands, it was plainly the interest of the proprietors to
furnish the settlers a meeting-house, a minister, and passable roads,
that they might attend regularly upon Sabbath worship. Having
built a meeting-house in 1731, at a meeting held there on the third
of April, 1732, they voted that a minister should be called and set-
tled, and appointed a committee for this purpose. They also voted
thattheTeuRod road, running across the town by the meeting-house,
should be cleared " fitt for man and horse to pass and repass," also
the other main roads. An overseer was appointed with authority to
hire men to carry on the work. The proprietors having almost
absolute power over the settlement had also corresponding responsi-
bilities. They must manage all town and ecclesiastical affiiirs, and
supply the funds necessar}^ for this purpose. An act of the Legisla-
ture April 1, 1737, took the management of all these affiiirs out of
the hands of the proprietors, and conferred it upon the residents.
It gave them the right to impose taxes upon non-residentsj and col-
lect the same by distraint upon the property, to choose necessary
town officers, and to transact all business proper to be transacted by
towns.

From the incorporation of the town, the proprietors had held the
entire control. Their clerks, selectmen, commissioners, constables,
and surveyors were the authorized officers of the town. From this
date, however, their political importance rapidly declined. Their
chief business, from the beginning, had been to divide the lands
among themselves, and to make them as valuable as possible. The
bulk of the land had now been divided. They kept up an organiza-
tion and held occasional meetings until 1763, but their business was

48 ROCHESTER.

restricted to matters concerning the propriety only, and is mostl}'
without special interest.

Committees who were appointed to collect the mill rents were
unsuccessful, and the Proprietors after passing a vote to give to the
inhabitants what was already due, in order to build five block
houses for ^jrotection against the Indians, on May 28, 1744, gave all
future rents forever for the support of the ministry, to be equally
divided if there should be more than one settled minister. They
were thus relieved of what had been a source of continual trouble
and annoyance.

At this period, lumber was the principal export of ISTew Hamp-
shire, consequently the preservation of timber on the undivided
lands had always required much attention. It was found imjDossible
to prevent depredations upon the unsettled lands. Even after the
lands were divided, the proprietors found it necessary to associate
together to protect their property, and agents tQ prosecute trespassers
were chosen as regularly as selectmen.

October 21, 1751, the Proprietors appointed Walter Brayant,
John Bickford, and John Leighton " to Lay out all the Lands . . .
above the Second Division." This third division comprised a nar-
row strip of land at the liead of the present towns of Milton and
Farmington. The drawing began Aug. 28, 1753, and was continued
on Oct. 1, and completed Aug. 1, 1754. There yet remained many
lots called " bad land," large commons near the mill privileges, and
various " nooks and gores " scattered through the town. William
Allin, Joshua Winget, and John Plumer were chosen Xov. 4, 1760,
to divide these lands, and were " allowed Twenty Shillings Each per
day Except the Surveyor shall have Thirty shillings." The drawing
of this fourth division was made Dec. 20, 1762. The lots were not
of uniform size as in the previous divisions, but varied according to
the quality of the land. The mill privilege at the Flume, in Milton,
was sold at auction to Samuel Ham. From the mill common at
East Rochester eight lots were carved out. Those who feel inter-
ested to follow the changes of the Xorway Plain mill common, as it
gradually passed from a wilderness to a village, will notice that in
this fourth division it was cut into three lots; still leaving a large
tract of land about the falls. The main street here appears for the
first time. The diagram on the opposite page shows the manner in
which these lots were taken out.

PROPRIETARY HISTORY.

Four Rod Road.

50 ROCHESTER.

No. 88 fell to Lieut. Joseph Beard; i^o. 89 to Lieut. Jonathan
"Woodman; and No. 90 to Samuel Edgerly. Between 88 and 89 is
the main street leading from the brook to the center of the village.

Li 1769 James Home owned No. 88. No. 89 was afterwards
owned by Paul Harford, and is the lot referred to in the following
town record in 1787: —

" Paid for a part of the 4"' Division Lott of Land of Collector Paul Harfords
Taken by Co' Dame by Extent & Sold at vendue & bid off by the Selectmen
94 _ 0 — 0 "

The last record of Jno. Wentworth, the Clerk of the Proprietors,
is dated Oct. 12, 1763, and contains the following : —

" Voted the 120'^ Lot in the 4'h Division be Given to the Clerk in full for his
Services as Clerk & Treasurer to this day."

After his death, the Proprietors' books and papers fell into the
hands of the administrator of his estate, who bore the same name,
and was prol)ably his son. As he had no legal power to dispose of
these documents, a number of the proprietors petitioned him as
Justice of the Peace to call a meeting of the Proprietors, which he
did. The meeting was held at Stephen Wentworth's house in
Eochester, June 28, 1784. The Town Clerk was elected Proprietors'
Clerk, all the books and papers were passed over to his custody, and
the office was vested in him and his successors forever. The last
record is by Josiah Main, Proprietors' Clerk, Sept. 28, 1785, being
his receipt for —

"a Eecord Book — the Original Charter — the Original plans together with
attested copies of the same, and fifty-five loose papers Containing Notifications
Accounts and Receipts."

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Library

CHAPTEE V.

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.

" What flower is this that greets the morn,
Its hues from Heaven so freshly born V
With burning star and flaming brand
It kindles all the sunset land:
O, tell us what its name may be !
Is this the Flower of Liberty ?

It is the banner of the free,

The starry Flower of Liberty.

" In savage Nature's fair abode
Its tender seed our fathers sowed ;
The storm-winds rocked its swelling bud.
Its opening leaves were streaked with blood, —
Till, lo ! earth's tyrants shook to see
The full-blown Flower of Liberty !

Then hail the banner of the free,
The starry Flower of Liberty."

Until the Eebellion, the Eevolutioii was regarded as the most
interesting period of our nation's history. Its heroes, its battles, its
great principles of equal rights and free government, have been the
leading theme of the historian and the orator for more than a hun-
dred years. Veneration for the patriots who took part in the stir-
ring events of that day has been constantly increasing. Their wis-
dom and courage are more fully appreciated now than ever before.
The grand results of that war are better understood. To-day the
blessings flowing from the Declaration of Independence are prized as
of inestimable value. It was the appreciation of these blessings
that inspired the nation and prompted it to deeds of valor during the
late civil war. The red battle-fields of the Rebellion attest, beyond
language, the attachment to the principles for which the Revolution
was inaugurated.

The interest in events of national importance during this period
has caused merely local incidents to be too much overlooked, yet,
it can not be uninteresting to know what services the citizens of our

52 ROCHESTER.

own town rendered toward the acliievement of Independence, what
feeUngs moved them, how eagerly they sprang to arms, and what
sufte rings they endured in the camp and on the field of battle. The
little that can now be rescued from oblivion is enough to gratify
our pride, but not enough to satisfy our curiosity. It is enough to
confer lasting honor upon the town. Her delegates were present at
all the conventions called to co-operate with the other American col-
onies; she paid her proportion of the expenses of each Continental
Congress; she cheerfully took her part in the responsibility of
resisting British authority; her citizens shared largely in the feelings
which animated the American people; they responded with alacrity
to every call for soldiers, gave them liberal bounties, and provided
for the support of their families. Their minute-men marched
immediately when notified, and, at one time, when other troops
withdrew from the field, Roohester responded to the urgent call of
Washington for re-enforcements, and sent a company of militia to his
army at Cambridge. Her soldiers took part in the capture of Bur-
goyne at Saratoga, and of Cornwallis at Yorktown ; they were in
the battle of Trenton, and shared the sufferings of Valley Forge.
Some fell upon the field of battle; some died prisoners of the British
army; many were cut ofl:* by the ravages of disease. Twenty-nine
men were lost during the war, — no inconsiderable number, when
it is remembered that the town had then less than half its population
in 1866. The soldiers of Rochester were sturdy men accustomed
to fatigue and inured to hardship. Some of them had seen ser-
vice in the French and Indian wars, had been at the siege of Louis-
burg, and taken part in the conquest of Canada. They early caught
the spirit of opposition to British tyranny and prepared for resist-
ance. There was nothing hesitating or doubtful about the action
of Rochester. The following record is from a copy of the 'New
Hampshire Gazette of Feb. 4, 1774, preserved in the office of the
Secretary of State at Concord.

"PROVINCE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ROCHESTER RESOLVES.

In Consequence of the General Uneasiness in the opulent Towns on the Continent
of North America, and a Letter from the Committee of Correspondence, led us in
these bye Parts to consider seriously the Cause of it; and we find Taxation without
Representation (which as Lord Cambden well observes is inseparable) is the Cause
of it. "We consider our Constitution, that our Fore-Fathers at last to prevent hard

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 53

Usage, left their Native Land, to enjoy that Liberty which they judged as freeborn
Englishmen, they were entitled to. They then arrived on this then hostile Shore,
which was a howling Wilderness, which was never purchased nor conquered at the
Cost of Great-Britain, where they had to struggle with the Prospect of Famine,
cold Season, besides combating an artful vindictive Enemy, and almost all other
Difficulties that human Nature could surmount. When those Troubles were a
little over, and the Sunshine of Prosperity began to arise, all hard Thoughts of the
Mother Country's Behaviour vanished, and they surrender'd Jurisdiction and Sov-
ereignty to the Crown of Great-Britain on Charters, with as strong Assurance as
crowned Heads could give, that said Charters should be inviolably observed on
both Sides ; which Conditions were inserted in said Charters, by which we were to
choose our own Representatives; to make and ordain Laws for the Regulation of
said Colonies; raising Monies, and the like, not repugnant to the Laws of Great
Britain. We have always cheerfully accepted the King's Governor, and he has a
negative Vote in our Assemblies, as the King has in Parliament; and Men or
Money have been requested for upholding Government, it was readily granted, and
raised where the Subjects could bear it best. Therefore, after all this, for the Par-
liament of Great-Britain t>o take such a Step over all Charters, and the most solemn
Assurances, as to tax when and as they please, to raise a Revenue to support a
Number of Hungry Placemen, of what Denomination soever, that distress peace-
able Subjects, and are a Pest to Society, that after all the Struggle in recovering
the same, answers no other end but to alienate the Minds of the King's most duti-
ful Subjects from him, and run the Nation in Debt on a Ballance. Oh ! when
will the Eyes of Administration be opened: we think our Behaviour has merited a
more generous Treatment.

Therefore in Consideration of the above unhappy Situation of our American
Brethren in general. At a legal Town Meeting of the Qualified Voters of the
Town of Rochester, assembled at the Meeting House in said Town, on Monday
the 24th of this Instant January, A. D. 1774, to consider on the alarming Circum-
stances of this once free country.

1. John Plummer, Esq: chosen Moderator of said Meeting.

2. Voted unanimously that it is our deliberate Opinion that we are freeborn,
and loyal Subjects of the Crown of Great-Britain, and as such depend on Protec-
tion, and not Slavery.

3. That the present King GEORGE the Third is our lawful Sovereign; and the
Heirs of his Body, in the Protestant Line are so to remain; and as such promise to
pay him all lawful obedience, agreeable to our happy Constitution, and that we
will so render Tribute to him as his Due.

4. That as such freeborn Subjects, we will to our utmost be on our Watch that
no artful designing Men of any Rank soever, may deprive us of our Privileges by
creeping in at unawares, to undermine us of this Jewel Liberty, by setting up their
Placemen to pray and sport with the same.

5. Voted that the Hon. John Plummer, John McDuffee, Ebenezer Tebbits,
Esqrs; and Daniel Wingate, be a Committee to correspond with their Brethren
Committees, in the neighboring Towns or any Three of them.

6. Voted that a Copy of this be sent to the Committee of Correspondence at
Portsmouth, assuring them that our Hearts are Knit with theirs in the noble
Cause of Freedom. And the meeting Dissolved.

John Plumer, Moderator.

A true Copy, from the Original Vote of the Meeting.

Attest, JosiAH Main, Town Clerks

Of the committee thus appointed, Ebenezer Tebbetts was clerk.
Their work was exceedingly important and involved heavy respon-
sibilities, so that it is not surprising that two days after the battle of

54 KOCHESTER.

Bunker Hill bv which the Colonies were irrevocably committed to
the war, they requested an addition to their number.

"June 19, 1775 it was put to vote to see if the Town will add to the former
Committee of Correspondents according to the desire of s*^ Committee and Voted
in the affirmative and Voted that the Committee shall Consist of thirteen Voted
that Esn Ichabod Cosen Lieut John Brieuster Capt AVilliam Allen Esn James
McDuffee Lieut William McDufee Abner Dame Capt William^Chamberlin Jabez
Dame Cap' David Place is Chosen a Committee according to the foregoing Notifi-
cation — "

Early in the war similar committees of safety were appointed in
most of the prinei[>al towns of New Hampshire. Nearly every town
had some persons who had no sympathy with the colonists in the
impending struggle. These committees were of special service by
their vigilance and activity in marking out and reporting every one
suspected of toryism. They carried on extensive correspondence
with other committees, to secure a general concert of action, but
exercised large discretionary powers, and did not hesitate to act
independently and boldly when the good of the cause would be
imperiled by delay.

In the fall of 1774, when Gen. Grage, who commanded the British
army in Boston, wanted carpenters to ])uild barracks for the troops
against the approaching winter and could not hire them in Massa-
chusetts, he applied to Gov. AVentworth of New Hampshire. The
governor, Avho was as popular as a British governor could be,
secretl}' dispatched agents to the back towns, in the hope of secur-
ing workmen. But Xew Hampshire was no more servile than
Massachusetts. One of these agents visited Rochester, but the loyal
men were on the alert. The following from the Xew Hampshire
Gazette states the result.

" Rochester, November 8th, 1774.
Strafford ss.

To show that we in these Parts of the Province are as warm Defenders of our
civil Liberties as those in the Capital, and are as much on their Watch against aid-
ing and assisting arbitrary Men in forging Chains to promote their Country's
Ruin, according to their Ability :

Therefore when Fame sounded the Report in our Borders that a number of
Artificers were gone from Wolf borough, ^liddletown, &c, to Boston, on the Errand
of ei'ecting Barracks for the soldiery there, we were much alarmed here, and at a
Muster of the Companies of Militia here last Week it being suspected that Nich-
olas Austin of Middletown was an Accomplice or Agent somehow in sending
them, our Sons of Liberty here would have marched directly to have paid him a
Visit : but we fearing what might be the issue of the justly enraged People in such
an Undertaking; Numbers of the most considerate warmly withstood it and pro-
posed to send for him to meet us at some Time and Place that might be agreed on.

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 55

Therefore the Committee of Correspondence here wrote to him to meet us at
the House of Stephen Wentworth Innholder in Rochester, on Tuesday, the 8th
instant, at which Time and Place he attended, and before a Number of tlie Inhab-
itants of this and the neighboring Towns, met to hear his Defense, by Examina-
tion on his solemn Affirmation before John Plumer, Esq; that he only spoke to
four of the Men, and gave them orders to go to the Governor, and speak to him,
and that he did not let the Men Know that they were to go to Boston, but had a
mistrust they were, b}^ what the Governor said to him at his Eeturn ; he further
says the Gov told him that the People would be dissatisfied when they came to
know it, but he thought it would be for the best, and further declares he told the

Men that the General of the Army would pay them their Wages

And then on his Knees, when nothing less would satisfy, he made the following
Confession.

' Before this Company I confess I have been aiding and assisting in sending
Men to Boston to build Barracks for the Soldiers to live in. at which you have
Reason justly to be offended, which I am sorry for, and humbly ask your Forgive-
ness, and I do affirm that for the future I never will be aiding or assisting in any
Wise whatever in Act or Deed contrary to the Constitution of the Country, as
Witness my hand.'

Nicholas Austin.

This is the true State of the above Transaction before us and a respectable Num-
ber of Attendance from the Towns round us to see the above.

Daniel Wingate,^ Committee
John Plummer, > of

John McDuffee, ) Correspondence."

The battle of Lexington was the signal for a general uprising of
the yeomanry of iS'ew England. The excitement was intense. It
has been paralleled in our history but once; when, eighty-six
years later, the news flashed over the wires that Beauregard had
opened fire on Fort Sumter. Each was the opening act of war.
The excitement of April, 1775, can be easily imagined by those in
whose memories the scenes of April, 1861, are still fresh. Men
instinctively sprang to arms. The militia of l!^ew Hampshire imme-
diately poured in to join the patriot army around Boston. In Roch-
ester a recruiting office was opened, and men enlisted at Stephen
"Wentworth's tavern; over fifteen pounds was paid in bounties to
volunteers; half a hundred of lead was bought at the town's expense;
and, after the soldiers departed, blankets were forwarded to them
by the selectmen.

The Provincial Committee of Correspondence, upon receiving
news of the battle, had hastily sent notice to seventy-one towns,
requesting delegates from each to assemble at Exeter, forthwith.
Only three days after the battle delegates had arrived fi*om all these
towns. Commendable promptness ! John Plummer was present
from Rochester. The members being pledged to secrecy, the pro-
ceedino-s of the convention are not known. A Provincial Congress

56 ROCHESTER.

had alread}' been summoned to meet at Exeter on the 17th of May.
The notification of the town meeting in Rochester to choose dele-
gates to this Congress, implored " the serious and thinking party to
attend," it being a day of "trouble and distress." James Knowles
and John McDuffee were elected delegates. This Congress voted to
raise three regiments, those l!^ew Hampshire troops still remaining
around Boston to form two, and the third to be raised immediately.
As the new regiments began to be formed, many of the volunteers
who had hastened away under the first excitement returned home,
and for some weeks the force about Boston was very small. John
McDuffee, who had seen service in the French wars, had been a
lieutenant of rangers at the siege of Louisburg, and had commanded
a detachment of men under Wolfe at the capture of Quebec, offered
his services to the Colony, and on May 20 was commissioned Lieut.
Colonel of the third regiment under Col. Poor. This regiment was
not fully organized at the time of the battle of Bunker Hill, but after
the battle, was immediately ordered forward and went into camp
with the other New Hampshire troops at AYinter Hill.

The following Rochester men volunteered in this regiment: — *

(From a Roll dated June 2, 1775.)
" Capt. Winborn Adams' (Durham) Company.

Age. Age.

Daniel McNeal, Yeoman, 24 years. John Walker, Yeoman, 26 years.

Jonathan Ilodgdon, jr. " 20 " Edward Rolings, " 21 "

John Richards, jr. " 25 " Ebenezer Horn, " 26 «

John Bergin, Cordwainer, 30 " Thomas Tolley, " 27 "

Thomas Furber, Tailor, 26

Capt. Jonathan Wentworth's (Somersworth) Company.

(Residence not given on the Roll.)

Samuel Nnte, Sergeant, entered May 28.

James Chamberlin, Corporal, entered May 29.

Samuel Merrow, "

Ebenezer Chesley, Private,

Nathaniel Perkins, "

Daniel Alley, "

Ephraim Alley, "

Josiah Durgin, "

James Wentworth, "

Joshua Merrow, "

Gershom Downs, "

Capt. Benjamin Titcomb's (Dover) Company.

Jonathan Downing, Yeoman, 25 years old."

29.

((

29.

((

28.

((

26.

((

30.

((

30.

((

30.

((

28.

*In all lists of soldiers which may be given, it will be understood that the residence is taken
from the rolls, unless otherwise stated.

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 57

This is tlie only one of this company, whose residence is given as
Rochester. Another h^ter roll gives a few names 2^^^obabl>/ from
Rochester, hut their residence is not stated. In all there were twenty-
six Rochester men in the army during this summer. Their term
of enlistment was until the last of December, unless sooner dis-
charged.

The 22d of June had been appointed as a day of fasting and
prayer, and was duly observed in Rochester. The Rev. Joseph
Haven, then preaching as a candidate, thus alluded to their gloomy
prospects : —

" The times and seasons call for mourning. Our rights and privileges are invaded,
and that by those we looked upon as our protectors. They have turned a deaf ear
to all our petitions and remonstrances. The compassions of our King and Ministry
are closed against us, and Britain has become a cruel monster, not forgetting her
child, but seeking its ruin. We have once and again heard of the blood of our
friends being spilled in the day of battle. Some have lately left us to go to the
fatal field, there nobly to risk their lives for the defense of their country and reli-
gion. We wish them prosperity, and that they may do valiantly for their people.
But who knows how many may ever return ? Bravely have they gone forth and
with honor may they return, but the hearts of their friends here are no doubt full
of grief. It is a solemn day. My aged fathers, who among you can remember
such a day? Let us unite to call upon the Lord. Let us not hold our peace till
he hear and answer. Let us pray for our brethren who jeopard their lives contin-
ually for us in the field. And let us pray for a reconciliation with the parent State
on terms constitutional and honorable to both, and that there may be a final period
put to the war that is now begun between Great Britain and her Colonies." — War
was not the only calamity. The fruit of the land was cut off by drought. —
" We are threatened with grievous famine. The fire devours our pastures and
rages in the wilderness. Some of our habitations have been already destroyed and
many more are exposed."

These extracts show with what feelings our people entered into

that unequal struggle, which after hours of victory and hours of

defeat, days of thanksgiving and days of fasting, years of painful

suspense yet of unfaltering determination, ended in the recognition

of the United States as a free and independent nation.

Portsmouth, the capital of the colony, was liable to be attacked
by British armed vessels at any moment. Alarms had already been
several times sent to adjoining towns ; and, indeed, the first act of
armed hostilitity in the Revolution had occurred at Portsmouth. As
early as December, 1774, a British ship of war being daily expected
from Boston with troops to take possession of Fort William and
Mary, John Sullivan and John Langdon put themselves at the head
of a band of volunteers from Portsmouth and the neighboring
towns, and before the British could arrive, captured the fort, made

58 ROCHESTER.

prisoners of the garrison, and seized a hundred barrels of gun-
powder which furnished the Colonists with ammunition for the
battle of Bunker Hill. It is more than probable that Rochester was
represented in this daring exploit, for she charged the State seven-
teen pounds for bounties " on the Sea-coast alarm at Kittery."
Another and similar transaction in which she bore a part occurred
on May 26. The British vessel above referred to had arrived with
troops and taken possession of the fort. For a number of months
they interrupted navigation, and seized, several vessels coming into
the harbor. In retaliation, a body of armed Colonists went to a bat-
tery on Jerry's Point, took away eight large cannon, and brought them
to Portsmouth. In Rochester's account with the State, she charged
sixteen pounds for bounties paid volunteers " to Jerry's Point after
cannon." For powder and ball for these raids five pounds and
twelve shillings were charged. Votes of thanks were passed by the
convention at Exeter, to all those who had been engaged in seizing
the powder at the fort and the cannon at the battery. But it was
recommended, — perhaps to restrain the too great freedom of such
acts, — that no movement of parties or bodies of men should be under-
taken without direction of the Committee of Safety. Rochester
adopted this recommendation at the next town meeting. N"o more
such unlicensed expeditions occurred. After war had actually settled
upon the land, steps were taken for the better defense of Portsmouth,
and among other measures, the Committee of Safety ordered the
selectmen of Rochester to deliver to Col. Evans a four-pound cannon
for the defense of Piscataqua Harbor. This was, doubtless, the old
iron gun, so famous in the Indian wars.

The necessity of having the colony prepared against any sudden
attack by the enemy could not be overlooked. The Continental
Congress had already given directions for raising companies of min-
ute-men, — so called because they were to be ready to march at a
minute's warning. Out of the twelve regiments of militia in 'New
Hampshire, four regiments of minute-men were to be organized.
Men were most urgently appealed to to engage in this ser\'ice. " It
was an important crisis," "all was at stake," and, for encourage-
ment, it was promised that the companies should be relieved every
four months, so that the duty might be divided as equally as possible
among the whole body of militia. Upon the 18th of October, in-
structions were issued to officers of militia, selectmen of towns, and

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.

town committees of safety, to use their utmost endeavors to raise
their quotas of miniite-men. Five days later came the startling
report that a British fleet was about to attack Portsmouth. Wash-
ington, suspecting such a design, dispatched Gen. Sullivan to take
command of the militia and defend the harbor. The call for men was
promptly responded to by Rochester. The following is the roll of a
company of Eochester men who marched to Portsmouth under com-
mand of Capt. David Place, and served from four to six weeks on
Seavey's Island.

David Place, Captain.
Ebenezer Tebbets, 1st Lieutenant.
John Ham, 2d Lieutenant.
George Place, Ensign.
Paul Libbey, Sergeant.
Keuben Heard, Sergeant.
Joshua Courson, Sergeant.

John Harden, Sergeant.
John Woodman, Corporal,
James Wentworth, Corporal.
Jonathan French, Corporal.
Benjamin Taylor, Corporal.
Ichabod Rawlings, Drummer.
Samuel Place, Pifer.

Daniel Cook.
Samuel Goodwin.
George Heard.
John Rogers.
Amos Place.
Amos Spencer.
John Bickford.
James Rogers.
Mesheck Heard.
Samuel Robertson.
Ebenezer Courson.
Moses Drown.
John McDuffee.
James Coleman.

PRIVATES.

Joseph Berry.
JSIoses Hammet.
Daniel Watson.
Haniel Clark.
John Nute.
Robert McCreelis.
Thomas Chamberlain.
John Stanton.
David Wingate.
Joseph Plummer.
Jonathan Tebbets.
John Laighton.
Amos Hayes.
Jonathan Richards.

Joseph Richards.
Dudley Pike.
Solomon Clark.
Joseph Thompson.
Isaac Wentworth.
John Place.
Benjamin Furber.
John Rawlings.
Timothy Ricker.
James Berry.
Moses Furber.
Edward Rawlings.
John Bickford.

"VYhen the expected fleet failed to arrive, the excitement subsided,
and attention was turned to the siege of Boston, where Capt. Place's
minute-men found their next service. Six months of barrack life
around Boston had dampened the ardor of many of the Continental
soldiers. Their terms of enlistment were fast expiring, and new en-
listments were obtained with difliculty. Tlie first effervescence of
patriotism was over. The troops whose time was out were rapidly
marching home, and some Connecticut regiments hastened off" before
their time expired. Washington was surrounded with difficulties,
and the camp was in danger of being left empty. In this exigency,
Gen. Sullivan dispatched by express to the New Hampshire Commit-
tee of Safety a letter calling for militia. The committee met and

60 ROCHESTER.

ordered out sixteen companies. The first on the list was Capt.
Place's. On the next day the roll of his company was examined,
allowed, and ordered to be paid. This service was from the third of
December till the fifteenth of January. The names of the men have
not been found. The record among the army rolls is simply this :

" Return of companies of iNew Hampshire militia in tlie Continental Army,
December, 1775.

Rochester.

Capt. David Place— Lt. Thomas Hodgdon — 2d Lt. Aaron Hanson — Ensign
James Goodwin — 4 Sergeants — 4 Corporals — 2 drummers and fifers — 81
privates."

Lieut. Timothv Roberts and several other Rochester men ens^ao^ed
in the same service under Capt. John "Waldron, of Dover. Neither
of these companies was in any action. This closes the first year of
the war.

Although the revolutionary spirit had been increasing in the Col-
onies for years, yet the prayer of good men still continued to be in
the words of Mr. Haven, " for reconciliation with the parent State
upon terms constitutional and honorable to l}0th parties." On the
fourth of July, 1776, this hope was abandoned, and thenceforth the
war was for independence. The first danger to which the new cause
was exposed arose from the influence of the Tories, a numerous and
powerful party, from whom more was to be feared than from open,
armed enemies. Congress, therefore, recommended that measures
be taken " immediately to disarm all persons who were notoriously
disaftected to the American cause, or should refuse to associate to
defend by arms, the Colonies against the British." The New Hamp-
shire Committee of Safety sent at once to the several towns printed
forms prepared as follows : —

'■'■ To the Selectmen of Rochester :

Colony of New Hampshire.

In Committee of Safety, April 12, 1776.

In order to carry the underwritten resolve of the Honorable Continental Con-
gress into execution, you are requested to desire all males above twenty-one years
of age (lunatics, idiots, and negroes excepted), to sign to the Declaration on
this paper ; and when so done, to make return hereof, together with the name or
names of all who shall refuse to sign the same, to the General Assembly or
Committee of Safety of this Colony.

M. Weare, Chairman.

In Congress, March 14, 1776."

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.

Resolved, That it be recommended to the several xissemblies, Conventions, and
Councils or Committees of Safety of the United Colonies immediately to cause all
persons to be disarmed, within their respective Colonies, who are notoriously disaf-
fected to the cause of America, or who have not associated and refuse to associate
to defend by Ar.ms the United Colonies against the hostile attempts of the British
fleets and armies.

(Copy) Extract from the minutes.

Chablks Thompson, Seot'y."

"In consequence of the resolution of the Honorable Continental Congress, and
to show our determination in joining with our American brethren in defending the
lives, liberties, and properties of the inhabitants of the United Colonies,

We, the subscribers do hereby solemnly engage and promise that we icill to the utmost
of our power, at the risk of our lives and fortunes, with arins, oppose the hostile pro-
ceedings of the British fleets and armies, against the United American Colonies.

Ebenezer Tebbetts,
Samuel Furber,
Benjamin Furber,
Barnabas Palmer,
William Trickey,
Daniel Hayes,
Ephraim Wentworth,
Richard "Walker,
Benjamin Rollins,
Thomas Plummer,
Daniel Watkins,
Richard Wentworth,
Avery Hall,
Wentworth Hayes,
Isaac Libbey,
Mark Hartford,
John Brewster,
Daniel Kimball,
Moses Hammett,
Joseph Dame,
Joseph Haven,
Isaac Wentworth,
Josiah Main,
Paul Libbey,
Thomas Roberts,
Samuel Alley,
Stephen Jenkins,
Josiah Folsom,
Samuel Nute
Ebenezer Wentworth,
James Jackson,
James Deering,
Ichabod Rollins,
Moses Hayes,
William Jennis, Jr.,
John Knowles,
Moses Brown,
Caleb Jackson,
Ebenezer Place, Jr.,
George Place,
Jonathan Ham,

Daniel AYingate,
William Evans,
William Chamberlin,
Richard Furber,
Jacob Hanson,
James Foster,
Benjamin Post,
Eleazar Coleman,
Dodovah Garland,
Bradstreet French,
David French,
Thomas Ham,
Henry Tebbets,
Thomas Peevey,
James How,
James Chesley,
Daniel Garland,
Enoch Hoitt,
Benjamin Fost, Jr.,
John Trickey,
John Trickey, Jr.,
James French,
John Ham, Jr.,
Joseph Knight,
James Chamberlin,
AVilliam Knight,
Ebenezer Chesley,
Solomon Perkins, Jr.,
Joseph Plummer,
Jonathan Pinkham,
Jonathan Richards,
John Richards,
Thomas Furber,
Jonathan Morrison,
Joseph Page,
Aaron .Tennis,
Elijah Varney,
Henry Allard,
Ephraim Ham,
Robert Walker,
Beard Plummer,

John Beargin,
Timothy Roberts,
Samuel Plummer,
Lemuel Bickford,
Jabez Dame,
AVilliam Allen,
Joshua Pearl,
John Plummer,
William McDuifee,
John Ham,
Ebenezer Ricker,
Stephen Berry,
Abuer Dame,
John Cook,
Daniel Rogers,
John Woodman,
AVilliam Wingate,
Hunking Colebrotb,
James Rogers,
James Rogers, Tertius,
Samuel Chamberlin,
James Downs,
Ichabod Hayes,
Nathaniel Watson,
Samuel Twombley,
James Wentworth,
Simon French,
David Jennis,
William Hodgdon,
Solomon Drown,
William McNeal,
Aaron Ham,
Richard Place,
Alexander Hodgdon,
Benjamin Hoitt,
Thomas Brown,
Moses Downs,
Zebulon Davis,
i!vicholas Wentworth,
Elihue Wentworth,
Joseph Jones,

ROCHESTER.

Samuel Drown,
Joseph Hayes,
Samuel Seavey,
Diamond Pearl,
Turner Whitehouse,
Thomas Davis,
Moses Hayes, Jr.,
Nathaniel Watson, Jr.,
Jonathan Twombley,
Job Clements,
Cornelius Jenkins,
Caleb Wakeman,
Benjamin Twombley,
Reuben Went worth,
Peter Horn,
Ebenezer Horn,
Thomas Drew,
AVilliam Jennis,
James Knowles,
William Ham,
Solomon Perkins,
Samuel Merrow,
George Willaud,
Samuel Merrow, Jr.,
James Horn,

John Heard,
Zebulon Dame,
Josiah Wentworth,
Jotham Nutter,
John Randall,
John Richards, Jr.,
Abraham Morrison,
Daniel Page,
Joshua Downing,
John Nute,
Moses Jennis,
Samuel Robinson,
Paul Jennis,
Joseph Tucker,
Joseph Drown,
Joseph Jiles,
Ebenezer Place,
Alexander Hodgdon, Jr.,
John Hammett.
Jonathan Bickford,
Samuel Twombly, Jr.,
Edward Tebbets,
James Rogers, Jr.,
Benjamin Hayes,
Joseph Walker,

Edward Lock,

Charles Knight,
David Leighton,
Samuel .Jones,
Moses Horn,
Itharaar Seavey,
Ebenezer Garland,
James McDuffee,
.John Jenness,
Richard Nutter,
John Place.
Joseph Walker, .Jr.,
Richard Furber, .Jr.,
Joseph Thompson.
Reuben Heard, Jr.,
Reuben Heard.
Moses Roberts,
Gei'shom Downs,
Lemuel Richardson,
Benjamin Copps,
Abraham Cook,
Edmond Tebbets,
Joshua Cossen,
Samuel Wingate. .Jr.
Thomas Brown, Jr.

The following persons refused to sign the annexed association : —

James Allen, Jona Ellis, Nathaniel Garland,

Edward Varney, Abraham Pearl,

Benjamin Dame. Samuel Downing,

John Witherell, .Joshua Knight,

Morris Ellis. Stephen Wentworth,

Solomon Clark, Daniel Jenness.
William Ellis,
Benjamin Heard,

Ichabod Cossen,
Thomas Trickey,
Samuel Wingate,
Joseph Heard,
Tristrem Heard,
Benjamin Bickford,
Jonathan Hodgdon,

The undernamed persons are of the Society of Friends, and do not choose t
sign : —

Elijah Tebbets,
John Tebbets,
Joseph Tebbets,
David Tebbets,
Mordecai Varney,
Moses Varney,
Moses Austin,
John Cloutman,

Bv order of the Committee.

Moses Yarney, Jr.,
Ebenezer Varney,
Thomas Cloutman,
Isaac Twombley,
Nathaniel Meeder,
Joseph Meeder.

Jonathan Dame,
Benjamin Meeder,
Jonathan Meeder,
Elijah Tebbets, Jr.,
Ezekiel Tebbets,
Muzzey Gould,
Robert Tebbets,
David Varney,

Rochester, 15th October, 1776

a true coppy.

Attest

Eben'r Tebbets, Cl'k.
A true list of all the whigs and tories in the town of Rochester in 1776."

Thus, one hundred and ninety-eight persons in Rochester signec
this agreement, twenty-two belonging to the Society of Friend:

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KEVOLUTIONAKY PERIOD. 63

" did not choose to sign," and twenty-two others refused to sign.
This placed every man as a friend or an enemy to his country, and
informed the Committee of Safety what individuals to watch or
disarm.

In re-organizing the army for 1776, three regiments were called
for from New Hampshire. These were regular Continental troops,
and must not be confounded with the militia companies, which were
called into the field in times of emergency.

Captain David Place raised and took command of a company in
the Second Continental Regiment, under Col. James Reed. The
date of his entry is the first of January. On the opposite page is
given a fac-simile of a pay-roll dated on the twenty-eighth of April
following, which shows that fourteen of his company had then de-
serted, seven were absent on sick-list, and sixty-seven were present
on duty. Only a small proportion of the men were from this town,
and it is impossible to select their names with any approach to
accuracy. Others, doubtless, enlisted in other companies.

During the preceding fall and winter, Arnold had led an expedi-
tion against Canada through the wilderness of Maine. Montgomery
had advanced by way of the Lakes, and after capturing Montreal,
had pushed on and united his army with the force under Arnold.
A daring but unsuccessful assault had been made upon the city of
Quebec, in which Montgomery was killed and Arnold badly
wounded. The remnant of the army blockaded the city during the
winter behind ramparts of snow. In the spring, it became necessary
to withdraw these forces, and, as the British were much superior in
numbers, the retreat was beset with danger. All the regiments
which could be spared were sent to re-enforce the American army.
Boston having been evacuated by the British, Capt. Place had gone
with his regiment under Washington, from Cambridge to 'New York.
Thence they were ordered up the Hudson and down the Lakes with
the other New Hampshire regiments under command of Gen.
Sullivan. These troops met the army retreating from Quebec, at
the mouth of the Sorel, above Montreal. From that point the
retreat was very rapid. So close was the pursuit of the enemy that
the men could scarcely find time to cook their victuals, and the
American force was so small that it became necessary to call out the
militia. Many Rochester men hastened to the service, chiefly in the
companies of Capt. Joseph Badger, Jr., and Capt. John Drew, of

64 ROCHESTER.

Col. Wingate's regiment. Daniel McN'eal of Rochester, who had
served as a private at the commencement of the war, was a lieuten-
ant in the latter company. The pursuit ceased at St. Johns, yet the
army continued its retreat to Ticonderoga. This fort heing strongly
fortified, and large re-enforcements of militia having arrived, the
enemy were unable to capture it. Here the troops remained during
the summer. Dysentery, small-pox, and putrid fever broke out
among them, and nearly one third of the J^ew Hampshire men in
the service died this year by sickness. Rochester lost fourteen.

The day when the survivors returned to their homes was one of
mingled joy and sadness. On the Sabbath, December eighth, at the
close of the sermon, they were publicly welcomed by ]Mr. Haven in
these words : —

" I shall HOW use the freedom to speak a few words to those who have been far
from their friends, — far from the place of their nativity. You have been engaged
in the cause of your Country — a just cause, and one that I hope God will defend.
You have undergone much hardship and fatigue, but God has carried you through,
and you have returned to the habitations of your friends. You rejoice : we rejoice
with you. I now welcome you home. I trust I may speak for all this Congre-
gation — I am certain I may do it in the name of every well-wisher to his country
and friend to mankind. I congratulate you on your return. My heart rejoices;
but even now a sudden gloom comes over my mind. I can but drop a tear for the
thought of the others who went forth witli you. Will they return ? No ; for the King
of Terrors has bound them. No less than fourteen of your once fellow soldiers and
fellow townsmen are in the cold hands of death. Their eyes are closed and their bodies
you have left in a distant land. Oh ye dear relatives of the dead, I am filled with
sympathetic grief for you. The return of these your friends brings the dead fresh
to your minds. Though you rejoice to see them, you can but rejoice with tears.
Your friends are done with the cares of this world. They will no more be called
into the field to oppose the soldiers of cruel tyrants. They have died for their
country ; they could do no more. We trust God is rewarding them for the love
they have shown to their country, and their sacred rights."

After warning those who had been preserved not to be guilty of
the sin of unthankfulness, he turned to those who had friends still
remaining in the army, and endeavored to give them encouragement.
He did not fail to enforce the duty of prayer for all those who were
still engaged in the defense of their rights and privileges that they
might be prospered and returned in safety to their friends.

Let us now inquire who these were that were still absent in the
service of their country. Besides the regulars of Reed's Continental
regiment now with Washington at Trenton, there were two compa-
nies of Militia commanded by Rochester officers and largely com-
posed of Rochester men, Capt. William McDuffee's Company, and
Capt. John Brewster's Company. The former of these in Col.

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 65

Tashe's regiment was called out by order dated September sixteenth.
They were mustered in, and marched to re-enforce the army in New
York. They served about three months, during the whole of which
time they Avere stationed at Peekskill to guard the passage of the
Hudson. The Company numbered fifty-four men. Although the
places of residence are not given, yet the names of twenty-four are
found upon the town records of this period, and probably a still
laro-er number belono-ed to Rochester. From the traditional accounts
of their poaching raids upon the roosts and sties of the neighboring
farmers, it is fair to judge that they saw more of the bright side of
soldiering than the troops generally. It is even said that one Roch-
ester boy gained a pension for a wound accidentally received in
climbing a fence, as he was one night returning to camp with a good
fat turkey under his arm.

Capt. John Brewster's Company of Col. Pierse Long's regiment
was stationed at iN'ewcastle, from August 7, 1776, to January 7, 1777.

The following Rochester men were in this Company : —

James Howe, M. D., Surgeon's Mate. Enoch Burnham, Sergeant.

John Brewster, Captain. Benjamin Hoyt, Corporal.

John Bergin, Ensign. James Coleman, Corporal.

Stephen Berry, Sergeant. Anthony N. Rollings, Drummer,

Privates.

Samuel Richards, Isaac Libby, Amos Place,

Amos Spencer, Moses Rollings, Amos Hayes,

John Richards, Charles Ricker, Abraham Morrison.

This company marched from Newcastle, to join the jSTorthern
Army in January, 1777, and were stationed at Fort Independence
near Ticonderoga. In preparing for the coming campaign, — the
glorious campaign which ended in the surrender of Burgoyne's
proud army, — Ticonderoga was the rendezvous of the New Hamp-
shire troops. Besides Capt. Brewster's company, there were many
other Rochester soldiers gathered here. Amono- these were the
recruits lately enlisted to fill up the regular Continental regiments.
In the second regiment commanded by Col. Nathan Hale, were the
following: —

Capt. Benjamin Titcomb's Company.

George Downing, 19 years of age. Samuel Forst, 21 years of age.

Jonathan Downing, 30 " " Samuel Ryon, 25 " "

Joseph Pearl, 17 " " Thomas Shaw, 24 » "

John Garlin, 18 "

66 ROCHESTER.

Benjamin 'Nnte of Rochester was afterwards a lieutenant in this
company, and Joshua Merrow was ensign and still later promoted to
lieutenant.

Capt. F. M. Bell's Company.

Daniel Cook.

years of age.

William Palmer, 19 years

Daniel Watson,

H it

Timothy Pticker, 19 ' "

Eben. Chestley,

(1 ((

Edward Rollings, 21 "

Enoch Win gate,

(' <(

George Heard, 19 "

Joshua Place,

U ((

Paul Pearl, 28 "

ThomasChamberlain,19

l( ((

Simeon Pearl, 17 "

Daniel Wingate,

a it

Daniel Horn, 27 "

Daniel Rogers, jr.,

ii ((

Company

Unknown.

Henry Durgin.

Jonathan

Doe.

Amos Place.

Samuel Alley.

Daniel Alley.

Before leaving home, the volunteers were thus addressed by Rev.
Mr. Haven: —

" I cannot close without a few words to my young friends who have enlisted and
expect soon to go forth in the defense of their country. Brethren, I applaud you
that you have engaged in such a noble cause. Be sti'ong and of good courage, and
may the Lord God go with you, and may he never fail nor forsake you. I hope
you have more noble views than those of gain or worldly honor. I hope you feel a
sympathetic grief for your bleeding country, and an ardent zeal of freeing her from
the hands of tyrants, who sport with our miseries, and glory in their more than
savage barbarity. Be strong and of good courage, for we have enemies, even
among us, that would be glad to see j^ou fearful and shrinking back. Remember
that 3'ou are under the care of God, and that, though the arrows of death may fly
thick, yet they cannot hurt you without a commission from Him. . . . Seek
the best company and prize such highly when you find it. Bad company avoid
when you can, as you would the plague. The wickedness of it is contagious.
Watch over your morals, watch over your conversation. If there is anything good
in what I say, pray remember it. It may be the last time I shall have an opportu-
nity to give you counsel ; for I may not live till the time is expired which you
expect to be absent from home; or if I do, you may not live to return. Be bold,
then, in the cause in which you are engaged. Our all is now at stake; our friends,
relations, possessions, and country, all call for vigorous exertion. Therefore, I
charge you, by all that is dear to you, that you act like men and like Christians."

IS'othino- worthv of note occurred at Ticonderoga or Fort Inde-
pendence, where these troops were stationed, until the middle of
June. At that time a strong English Hotilla advanced to co-operate
with Gen. Burgojne's grand army. In a council of war, the Amer-
icans determined to abandon the Fort. A retreat was made with
the American flotilla up through the Lakes. Arriving at Whitehall
the troops disembarked, the vessels were blown up by Col. Long,
and the retreat continued toward Saratoga. On the way, an engage-
ment occurred at Fort Anne (July 6), between Col. Long's regi-

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 67

ment and the Eiio-lisli ISTintli, in which the Eno-lish were defeated
and compelled to retire. This closed the service of Capt. Brewster's
company. The period of enlistment having expired, the whole regi-
ment was discharo:ed. Althouo-h o-reat loss had heen suifered in this
hasty retreat, yet the other portion of the army retreating by land
from Ticonderoga, fared even worse. Col. Hale's regiment formed
a part of the rear guard. B}' reason of the great number of invalids
and stragglers, they were unable to keep up with the main body.
They fell back six or seven miles, and, contrary to Gen. St. Clair's
express orders, stopped short at Hubbardton. They were overtaken
b}' the enemy, on the morning of July sixth, and sharply attacked.
The regiment fled panic-stricken, leaving their Colonel, Adjutant,
three Captains, and two other officers, with from one to two hun-
dred men, prisoners to the enemy. George Heard and Ebenezer
Chesley, with others whose names are not known, were missing
from Rochester. Three also of our soldiers died this year while
prisoners in the hands of the British.

The surrender of Ticonderoga, with its numerous artillery, came
like a thunderbolt upon Congress and the country. The i*Tew Hamp-
shire Assembly had just finished their session and returned home.
A summons from the Committee of Safety brought them together
again. The militia was re-organized, and a large portion ordered
to march immediately " to stop the progress of the enemy on our
western frontiers." Capt. Daniel McDufFee raised a company of
fifty-eight men, thirty of whom were of this town. They engaged
promptly in the service and at once marched to the seat of war. The
excitement throughout the !N'orthern States was very great. Says a
Rochester writer, of that day, referring to the alarm caused by the
rapid advance of Burgoyne's army : —

" It was a dark day to our people, and added greatly to the weight of all our
former troubles. While some were ready to sink under the feeling of despondency,
others were fired with a spirit of noble revenge. Great concern for the safety of
their relatives in the army fell upon many."

It was foreseen that a sanguinary battle must soon take place. In
August came the good news of Stark's victorv at Bennino-ton. This
was followed in a few weeks by the glorious triumphs over the
invaders at Stillwater and Saratoga. To crown all, the surrender of
the entire British army occurred in October. Alarm and anxiety
were followed by universal rejoicing. Says the writer last quoted: —

ROCHESTER.

" The surrender of the forces of a great general at the Northward is what we are
ready to call the grandest thing that ever happened in America. It is difficult to
moderate our joy or keep it within due bounds. We are a young people and not
much used to such conquests, and it is to be feared that there will be now unreason-
able joy as there was lately unreasonable sorrow. AVe are apt to go to extremes."

Capt. McDuffee's company had joined the Northern army at Sar-
atoga in September, arriving in season to participate in these bril-
liant victories. From the roll of his company, which does not give
residences, are selected the following names of Rochester men : —

Name.

Rank.

Entered.

Discharged.

Daniel McDuffee,

Captain,

Sept. 8, 77.

Dec. 15.

David Leigh ton,

Ensign,

Peter Glidden,

Sergeant,

((

Died Nov. 18.

Solomon Clark, .

Corporal,

Dischg'd Dec. 15

Jonathan Ellis,

Eben. Twombly,

Drumn^er,

James Wentworth,

Private,

John McDuffee,

Enoch Hayes,

((

Tobias Ricker,

John Richards,

((

Joseph Richards,

John Allen,

((

Amos Spencer,

Jonathan Dame,

((

Died Nov. 16.

Dudley Pike,

Disch'd Nov. 30.

Moses Rawlins,

Joseph AV' in gate.

Dec. 15.

Nicholas AVentworth,

Nov. 30.

Amos Hayes,

Richard Furber, *

Dec. 15.

William McNeal,

((

Nov. 30.

John Stanton,

(.(.

Deserted Oct. 20.

John Nute,

Joseph Thompson,

I.:

John Bickford,

((

Stephen Starboard,

••

After the surrender of Burgoyne, the militia returned home, but
the Continental regiments marched into Pennsylvania and passed
the winter at Valley Forge. The suft'erings of the troops at that
place form a part of our country's history familiar to every one.

All dano-er of an invasion from Canada being now at an end, the
theater of war was removed Southward. The militia of ISTew Hamp-
shire was no more summoned to repel the invader at their very
door. Yet in the summer of 1778, an expedition was raised, com-

* " Gen. Richard Furber died in ]848, in the 95th vear of his a^e. He was a Revolutionary
soldier, and lived in that part of Rochester which was afterwards Farmington. He acted as an
Adjutant at the surrender of Burgoj-ne." [Dover £nquirer.]

REVOLUTIOXARY PERIOD. 69

manded by Gen. Sullivan, to co-operate -svitli the French to expel
the British from Rhode Island. The co-operation, however, was not
effected, the fleet being driven to sea by a violent storm. For this
expedition Rochester furnished nineteen men, who served about six
months in Col. Peabody's regiment. Again in 1779 six soldiers
from Rochester enlisted in Col. Moonej-'s regiment, for the defense
of Rhode Island, and served about six months, when, ISTewport hav-
ing been evacuated by the British, they were discharged. Their
names were : —

Joseph Ricker. Samuel Rollings. Paltiah Stevens.

Tobias Ricker. Thomas Carter. Isaac Hatch.

Thus far our attention has been almost exclusively confined to the
fortunes of militia companies, or volunteers raised for special service.
"We have seen men leave their homes with words of encouragement
and counsel, have traced them in long and ditiicult marches, have
followed them in hazardous retreats, have seen them exposed to the
dangers of battle and disease, and have listened to the tender words
of welcome with which they were greeted upon their return. If
more interest is found in the history of these brave bands than in
that of soldiers in the regular army, it is owing to the excitement of
the times when the former were called forth. A formidable enemy
was invading their land, and they were alarmed at his rapid pro-
gress. The}^ were obliged to act promptly and decidedly. The in-
terest is greater, also, because they went forth and returned together
forming distinct companies, or parts of companies, having their own
officers, so that it is not diflicult to discover what part of the com-
mon danger they shared. It remains to trace the fortunes of those
who were engaged in the regular army. This can be done only by
noticing the services of the regiments of which they formed a part.
During August and September, 1779, they were in Sullivan's expe-
dition against the Senecas. The object of this expedition was the
capture of Niagara, and the destruction of the villages of the Indians,
who had been guilty of great outrages upon the Americans. It was
conducted through a region almost entirely unknown, and covered
with forests, and the march was beset with unusual dangers and dif-
ficulties. Many villages were burned, orchards cut down, and crops
destroyed; yet the main object was not accomplished, and the enter-
prise failed of beneficial results. Several engagements took place,
the most severe of which was at N'ewtown, now Elmira, New

70 KOCHESTER.

York, in which the enemy were led by the celebrated chief, Joseph
Brant. The New Hampshire troops, under Poor, sustained the
brunt of the battle, and behaved with great coolness and intrepidity.
In 1780, the war was mostly confined to the Southern States. The
New Hampshire troops were stationed at West Point and in New
Jersey. In 1781, the three regiments were reduced to two, com-
manded by Col. Scammel and Col. George Reid. They marched to
Virginia, and were present at the surrender of the British army
under Cornwallis at Yorktown. The names of those who served in
the Continental army are now given, with the history and fate of
each man, so far as can be gathered from the rolls and documents
still in existence.

Col. REm's Regiment.

As Col. Reid commanded the regiment former! }' under Col. Hale, the names
already given of men in that regiment are here rei)eated to give a more particu-
lar accovmt of each man.

Joshua Mekuoav, Ensign. Engaged Aj^ril 2, 1777. Promoted lieutenant
July 12, 1780.

t Joshua Place. Engaged May 1, 1777 for 3 years. Died August 7, 1777.

j Simeon Pearl. Engaged Ap. 20, 1777 for 3 years. Died Feb. 10, 1778.

t Paul Peakl. Engaged Ap. 20, 1777 for 3 years. Killed Oct. 7, 1777, at
battle of Saratoga.

fGEOKGE IIeakd. Engaged May 1, 1777 for 3 years. Missing July 7, 1777
in the retreat from Ticonderoga.

t John Garland. J]ngaged May 10, 1777 for 3 years. Discharged May 10, 1780.

t Samuel Foss. Engaged June 4, 1777 for 3 years. Died Sept. 6, 1778.

\ George Downing. Engaged Nov. 15, 1776 for the war. Promoted Corporal
Ap. 1, 1781. Promoted Sergeant ^o\. 13, 1781.*

t Jonathan Downing. Engaged Nov. 15, 1776 for the war. Promoted Ser-
geant Major June 1, 1779.* George and Jonathan Downing thus enlisted very
early, and for the war. They probably received no bounty. In 1788 the Town
imanimously voted them $50 worth of Stock and Lumber for services in the Con-
tinental Army.

f Thomas Chamberlin. Engaged IMay 10, 1777 for 3 years. Discharged
May 10, 1780.

t Ebenezer Chesley. Engaged May 1, 1777 for 3 years. Missing July 1^
nil in retreat from Ticonderoga.

t Daniel Cook. Engaged May 10, 1777 for 3 years. Discharged May 10,
1780. Re-enlisted for the war.* Was one of Washington's Guard in 1779.

t Timothy Ricker. Engaged ]\Iay 1, 1777 for 3 years. Discharged May 1,
1780. AVas one of Washington's Guard in 1779.

t Daniel Alley, Corjjoral. Engaged Nov. 11, 1776 for the loar. Reduced tO'
ranks Sept. 8, 1778. Transferred to Invalid Corps Feb. 1, 1780.*

X William Harper, age 25.

Moses Rolings. Engaged Nov. 13, 1776 for the tvar. Promoted Cor]Joral
June 13, 1777. Killed Oct. 13, 1777, while the Americans were endeavoring to
cut off Burgoj'ue's retreat.

Daniel Watson. Engaged May 1 , 1777 for 3 years. Discharged May 1, 1780.

t William Palmer. Engaged May 1, 1777 for 3 years. Promoted Corporal
June 8, 1779. Discharged Ap. 30, 1780.

Ephraim Ham. Engaged Ap. 10, 1777. Discharged May 1, 1780.

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 71

flcHABOD HoKN. Engaged Aug. 15, 1779 for the war.
Appointed Drummer Dec. 16, 1779. Reduced July 12, 1781.*

t JOHX Rogers. Engaged Oct. 15, 1779 for the war. Promoted Corporal
Oct. 1, 1780.*

fExocH WiNGATE. Engaged Maj' 1, 1777 for 3 years. Discharged May 1,
1780. Died Aug. 4, 1828.

Daniel AVingate. Engaged May 10, 1777 for 3 years. Discharged May
10, 1780.

t Joseph Peakl. Engaged May 1, 1777 for the war.* Missing in retreat
from Ticonderoga.

t Joseph Ricker. Engaged Oct. 15, 1779 for the war.*

Matthias Welch. Engaged Feb. 1777 for the ivar. Deserted Xov. 27,
1778. Joined May 1, 1780.*

Daniel Cook, Jr. Engaged Ap. 10, 1780 for the war.*

Samuel Rollins. Engaged Feb. 28, 1781.*

t Samuel Ryon. Engaged June, 1777.

Edward Rollins. Engaged May, 1777.

t Henry Durgin. Deserted. Captured.

{Jonathan Doe.

Samuel Alley.

f Amos Place.

Colonel Scammell's Regiment.

t Thomas Shaw. Engaged Jan. 3, 1777. Deserted Ap. 5, 1781.*
Robert Ellis. Engaged Aug. 17, 1780. Discharged Dec. 31, 1781.*
Richard Cook. Engaged July 15, 1779 for the loar. Died Oct. 8, 1781 at
the siege of Yorktown.*

Colonel Cilley's Regiment.

Daniel Rogers, Jr. Engaged May 11, 1777. Died July 20, 1777.
Ebenezer Allen. Engaged Ap. 15, 1780. Discharged Dec. 31, 1781.*
Daniel Sargent. Engaged Ap. 9, 1780. Discharged Dec. 31, 1781.

Regiment Unknown.

Otis Alley. Engaged Ap. 6, 1781 for 3 years.*
Henry Smith. Engaged May 1, 1781 for 3 years.*
Abner Coffin. Engaged May 9, 1782.
Solomon Dro^ats". Engaged JNIav 10, 1782.
William C. Peavey. Engaged "^May 18, 1782.
Jonathan Ellis. Engaged May 18, 1782.
t Peter Cook. Enlisted Sept. 1779 for one year.

Ephraim Alley of Rochester enlisted for ^Nladbury, Sept. 1779 for one year.
C^SAR WiNGATE. Engaged June 6, 1781 for 3 years.* He was Capt. Ham's
slave.

There were many others who served their Country upon the seas,
in privateering vessels. It is difficult to find even the names of
these men, much more to learn any particular account of their ser-

* Claimed by the Town as in service May 13, 1782.

t These names are found in Vol. XV. of the State Papers on the return of the "1st Regiment in
the County of Strafford whereof Stephen Evans is Colonel," as having enlisted from Rochester
for three years. Daniel Wingate, Jr. and Daniel Walton are on the same list. Perhaps they
are the same as Daniel Wingate and Daniel Watson. Thomas Ellis is also credited to Rochester,
May 30, 1782. [Editor.]

J On roll of absentees from Col. Cilley's regiment at Valley Forge Jan. 10, 1778, is "William
Sharper Left at Sopers. Desarted." Perhaps the same maii. [Editor.]

72 ROCHESTER.

vices and adventures. Among them were Berijamin, Caleb, Joseph,
and Timothy Bohcrts, and Isaac Hanson, who sailed with the gallant
Paul Jones. With them was George Roberts of Middleton. Benja-
min served also in the army, and died in 1830 at the age of 76.
George Roberts sailed in 1778 from Portsmouth in the Ranger and
in 1779 in "Bon Homme Richard." James Marden was Drummer
in 2d iST. H. Regiment in Capt. James Carr's Company.

During the first years of the war, there was little difliculty in fur-
nishing the town's proportion of soldiers. Militia officers were fre-
quently called upon to raise men from their companies, and the town
appointed a committee to co-operate with them. The term of service
was not long, and scarcely anything was paid for bounties. The
first bounty appears to have been paid in 1777, — £34 each to 14
men. After the hardships of the Canada expedition, which bore so
severely upon the Rochester men under Captains Place, Brewster,
and Daniel McDuftee, volunteering received a cheek. The first ex-
citement was over. Enthusiasm had somewhat abated. It was
found that the war was no pastime of a few months, but a business
which would require years of determined and stubborn fighting.
An appeal had been made to the town to abate the taxes of those
men who suffered at Ticonderoga, and to repay those who had ad-
vanced money to hasten the enlistment of volunteers. The town
at first refused to grant either of these requests. Repeatedly called
on to furnish their quota to fill the Continental regiments for three
3^ears, or for the war, they satisfied themselves with voting to raise
only nine months' men, offering $100* bounty; but it was found
impossible to raise them upon these terms. A recruiting committee
was appointed, but at the end of one month they reported in town-
meetinsf that thev had been able to enlist onlv one man, thouofh

CD %i t^ ^ O

they had encouragement from others, " Encouragement " seems to
have been the only result of their effort. The people now saw^
their mistake and began to retrace their steps. They presented
to the selectmen a large petition for another town meeting. They
then voted to repay the money which individuals had advanced
to procure enlistments, to abate the poll taxes of men in Place's
and Brewster's companies, and to pay every soldier who had served
in the campaign of 1777, thirty dollars. These measures were
attended with greater success. In 1779 the town was called upon

*This is the first time dollars is used to denote ttie currencj-, — Ap. 20, 1778.

REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 73

for eleven men for the war. A recruiting committee was appointed
with discretionary power to pay such bounties as were necessary, to
enUst men in or out of town on as reasonable terms as they were
able, to pay bounties in money or in produce, and to call on the
selectmen to cash the bills. At this time the currency was rapidly
depreciating, and bounties as rapidly rising. In 1780 twelve hun-
dred dollars each was paid for six months' men. Volunteers pre-
ferred produce to paper currency, and in 1781 the selectmen charged
the town for 1,033 bushels of corn paid the soldiers. Even the State
preferred produce to its own bills of credit, for the town paid a State
tax in 1780 with 13,425 pounds of beef, and in 1781 with 1711 gal-
lons of "West India rum. In 1780 five quires of paper for the use of
the town cost sixty pounds, or about $2,50 a sheet. Deacon Knowles
was paid §400 for expenses to Concord, m ^aW, on town business.
The price fixed for labor on the highway this year was fifty dollars
per day, workmen finding their own tools. I^ot only was paper
money nearly worthless, but the State Avas flooded with counterfeit
bills. At first sight, one feels that it is little credit to the acuteness
of the selectmen that they should charge $832 counterfeit money in one
item. Yet the sum does not look so large when reduced to a silver
standard, seventy-five dollars in paper being only equal to one dollar
in silver. It is not strange that prices were exorbitant, and the
spirit of speculation prevalent. ISTor is it to be wondered at that
efibrts were made to counteract this spirit and restrict the prices
of necessaries by legislation. Imitating the example of Portsmouth
many towns — Rochester among others — appointed committees to
regulate prices. It does not appear what measures the Rochester
committee adopted, but prices continued at a high figure, in defiance
of all their efibrts. An idea of the rapid depreciation of the cur-
rency during the Revolution, may be formed from the following
statement showing the amount of town expenses for each year : —

s. d.

1774,

125

1779,

11558

3 10

1775,

145

1780,

about 115250

1776,

245

1781,

1894

18 2

1777,

806

1782,

1005

2 2

1778,

3047

1783,

464

12 0

In 1780, when the depreciation was the greatest, £2,799 16s. 9d.
was in part for Mr. Haven's salary, £10,000 for the meeting-house,

74 KOCHESTER.

and the town's proportion of the State tax £34,943 5s. 7cl. The new
currency came into use in 1781, and aiiairs began to improve.

The recruiting committees appointed from time to time were as
follows : —

. ., ,„„Q ( "William McDuffee, a ,„.;i ittq ( "William McDuffe

April, 1778, 1 Lt. Ebenezer Ricker. ^P"^' ^^^^^ ] Ichabod Corsou.

richabod Corson,

T 1 1-78 5 John Brewster, 1779, ^ David Leighton,

J uiy, 1 / /», I iciiabod Corson. ( Ebenezer Ricker.

Upon the proclamation of peace in 1783, there was naturally great
rejoicing throughout the land. We cannot better close this chapter
than in the words of Rev. Mr. Haven from —

Lev. 26: 6. " And I will give peace in the land, and ye shall lie down, and
none shall make you afraid ; and I will rid evil beasts out of the laud, neither
shall the sword go through your land."

" We have the confirmation of peace — a happy peace. It is one of the most
joyful events in the memory of any among us. One of the most powerful and
warlike nations in the world has taken up arras against us, and, in less than eight
years, has been brought to comply with the very terms we proposed to them.
Washington has obtained a great name in the earth, and perhaps is deservedly
called the greatest general in the world — a man whose memory will be ever dear
to his country — a man of whom even his enemies are obliged to speak well. The
name of "Washington has struck Great Britain with awe, and has hushed the
clamors of war. We were poor and despised — we were looked upon as rash and
imprudent, and as a people marked out to be crushed by the iron rod of oppres-
sion. But now the happy day has arrived in which we rank with nations of fame,
and feel our weight among the kingdoms of the earth. Let us consider who are
our benefactors. Let us give thanks to God who is our greatest benefactor. Then
let us call to mind those heroes who have sacrificed their lives to secure the rights
and privileges we now enjoy. Let the memory of the dead be precious to us,
whether the fatal lead ended their days, or they died a natural death in the camp.
Next let us bear in mind what our worthies have done who have lived through the
war and now partake of that peace for which they have contended. Shall we not
honor those who under God have been the defense of our country, and have out-
braved British veterans ? And now peace is restored let all animosities die. Let
us be friendly to that country which we were once fond of calling our parent, No
more would we be under her government, but we can extend to her the hand of
friendship as a sister kingdom."

CHAPTER VI.

FIKST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY.

" We know, and what is better, we feel inwardly that religion is the basis of
civil society, and the source of all good and of all comfort." — Burke.

Our forefathers were a religious people, and prized, above all
other institutions, the preaching of the Gospel. It was for religious
more than political freedom that the pilgrims left the old world to
find a home in the wilds of America. They established the closest
alliance between the church and civil government, so that church
membership became the essential qualification for the enjoyment of
civil franchises. The settlers of Xew Hampshire were imbued to a
large extent with these vigorous religious feelings. The first and
heaviest taxes were for the support of the ministry ; and although
the burden was great, yet to maintain the institutions of religion
was ever considered their first and chief duty. For nearl}' a cen-
tury, the history of the town is bound up in the history of the
church. The church might well be called the heart of the town.
Town meetings, in many cases, related exclusively to the affairs of
the ministry. The body of the people hired the candidates for the
pulpit ; invited to the pastorship ; voted the salaries, which were
raised by general taxation ; called the councils ; built the meeting-
houses and parsonages ; dismissed or buried the ministers ; and per-
formed many other acts of authority in relation to church affairs.
The proprietors took the first steps some years before the inhabi-
tants had gained a voice in town affairs. They voted April, 1730,
to build a meeting-house, —

" forty feet long, thirty-five feet wide, and eighteen feet stud ; to be well framed &
Inclosed &c. Voted also that Capt. Sam" Tebbets Paul Gerrish Esqr m"' John
"Wengit & M"" Joseph Jennes be a Committee to agree with any person or per-
sons to build and Parfict the same."

A tax of three pounds was laid upon each share. The meeting-
house was erected the following year, at the fork of the roads near

76 KOCHESTER.

where the late Gershom Home lived. This was a spot well chosen,
being near the middle of the settlement, upon high land, and easily
accessible by roads from different directions. It soon became the
most thickly settled part of the town, for everything at that period
derived special value and importance from proximity to the church.
This was the only place for every kind of public gathering. Here
the people congregated weekly for worship. Here they met to dis-
cuss all questions which concerned the general welfare. It was the
political, moral, and social, as well as religious center. From this,
as the place of Sabbath worship — the house of God — went forth
influences the most elevating, refining, and chastening upon the
hearts of the people.

" A gentle life spreads round the holy spires,
"Where'er they rise, the sylvan waste retires,
And aery harvests crown the fertile lea."

!N^othing was wanting on the part of the proprietors, so far as vot-
ing could do it, to supply the town with a settled ministry. The
inhabitants had reason to expect the prompt fulfillment of their flat-
tering promises. Perhaps they enjoyed occasional preaching; for
Mr. Adams, Mr. Pike, and Mr. Gushing, ministers of neigliboring
towns, manifested much interest in the religious condition of the
colony. They attended, and one of them sometimes presided over
proprietary meetings when measures to supply the pulpit were
debated. They also served upon committees to procure a minister.
They would not be likely, therefore, to leave the people entirely
destitute of religious instruction.

But a minister was not yet settled. To vote that it should be
done, was not doing it. Differences arose between the proprietors
and the settlers, as to which should bear the expense of supporting
the Gospel. These diflferences increased from year to year. The
proprietors being mostly non-residents, were dilatory, and paid their
taxes reluctantly. The settlers were poor and unable to bear heavy
taxation, and yet were sufltering for want of a pastor. Recourse was
had to the Provincial Assembly. The proprietors gladly availed
themselves of an act passed May 10, 1731, by which the inhabitants
were joined with them in being obliged to maintain the minister.
They even voted to support a minister seven years longer than was
required in the act. A year and a half passed away, and still they
had no pastor. The people became uneasy. William Chamberlain,

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY.

a prominent settler, preferred a petition to the General Assembly,
in behalf of the people of Rochester, for the support of the Gospel ;
and upon May 10, 1734, an act was passed, which provided that the
lands of delinquent proprietors might be taken " in execution or by
extents " and sold to pay the taxes. It confirmed to the proprietors
the authority to choose selectmen and other town officers, but at the
same time made it incumbent on them to call and settle the first
minister and defray the charges. This law was to continue in force
three years. About a year before its expiration the inhabitants
again petitioned the General Assembly in the following language :

" The Petition of your humble Petitioners Inhabitants of the Town of Eochester
in the Province afores'd, humbly showeth, —

That we the Inhabitants of Eochester being persuaded that the Gospel &
means of Grace is a rich & Invaluable privilidge ; for which Reason we Can't but
must Lament our Sad State while we live without s'd means: and seeing no
Rational Prospect of obtaining them for some Considerable Time to Come without
the help and assistance of the non-Eesident Proprietors; Especially Considering
our own Poverty & the Difficulties in Subdueiug a wilderness, and hoping it may
not be Deemed Unreasonable to Desire some assistance from them, In Order to
our Inioying the Gospel among us; Since tis too Evident to need any proof That
their Temporal Interest is greatly advanced by us; — that is, by our Settling in s'd
Town — And withall persuading ourselves that this honorable Court will Eecon-
sider our State & now doe Something for our Eelief; — We, whose names are
underwritten doe once more humbly Eequest The Legislative Power to passe an
act whereby to Oblige the Proprietors of said Eochester to assist us, the Inhabi-
tants, In supporting the Gospel in said Town of Eochester for the space of six or
seven years Till tis Likely we may be able to doe it of ourselves ; or for such a
Term of Time as this Honorable court shall Think fit; as also that the Honorable
Court would appoint Two or Three peisons for Calling the luhabitants of the
Town together for the present Year for the Choice of Town officers &c. And
your humble Petitioners shall ever pray as in Duty bound."

Benjamin Marrow,
Sam" Richard,
Robbard Knite,
Joseph Heard,
Joseph Miller,
John Jenness,
Mark Jenness,
John Bickford,
Jonathan Yong,
James Lock,
Timothy Eobberts,
Joseph Richards,
Clem" Dearing,

Ebenezer Place,
Jonathan Cops,
Stephen Berry,
Joseph Richards,
John Wentworth,
William Chamberlin,
Solomon Clark,
William Elis,
Stephen Harford,
Phillip Dore Jun"",
William James,
John Macfiee,
Zebulun Dam,

John Bickford Jun"",
Samuel Marrow,
Ebenezer Bruster,
Benjamin Forst,
John Garlen,
Eleazar Ham,
John Allen,
Paul Tebbets,
Joseph Richards Jun'',
Benj* Tebbets,
William Stiles.

Liberty was granted to bring a bill taxing each whole share fifteen
shillings and appointing Rev. Jos. Adams, John Jenness, and Wil-
liam Chamberlaine to call a meeting to choose town officers for one
year only. A bill so prepared is still in existence, but never passed,

KOCHESTER.

and was probably never presented. It seems likely the terms were
not so favorable as had been hoped.

The next year another petition was presented as follows: —

" The Petition of the Inhabitants of the Town of Rochester, in s'^ province, most
humbly sheweth —

That your Petitioners have been settled here, some of them, seven years or
thereabout, that we are now increased to the Number of about Sixty Families, &
are as yet destitute of a Settled Ministry, & have no civil Order in the Town, hav-
ing never had any power to choose town officers, or to act in town affairs, y' your
petitioners put in a petition to this Hon''''' Court at their Sessions the last Spring,
praying for relief under our Difficulties afores^^ and also that, in Consideration of
our low Circumstances and the Inconveniences and Charges such new Settlements
are exposed to, a tax mit^ht be laid on the liights of the Non-resident Proprietors
towards the Support of the Ministry here; but so it happened that the Matter was
not perfected, so that your petitioners remain still in the same unsettled and
uncomfortable Condition, and do therefore humbly & earnestly entreat your Excel-
lency and your Honours to take their Case into your compassionate Consideration,
and that a Committee may be appointed to call a Meeting in Order to choose
Town officers for the Year ensuing, and that a tax may be also laid on the Non-
resident Proprietors of twenty Shillings a right per Annum, for Seven Years, next
ensuing, for and towards the Support of the Ministry — Or otherwise to do for us,
as to your Wisdom and Goodness shall seem meet — And your humble petitioners
as in Duty bound shall ever pray

Eochester March y'^ 173G-7

John alon
Joseph Hard
Stephen Harford
Benjamin Merrow
Robard Night
John winford
Jack Busel
Joseph Richards
Joseph Ilodgdon
John Bickford
William Eles
Samuell merrow
John Garlon
Richard wentworth
Jeams Busell
Jeams Lock

Gesom Downs
John Bickford
Samuell Merow
John Hardie
Thomas Perkens
Elsar Ham
Ebnesar Place
willam wolford
Joseph Berrey
Beimin Hayes

his

John X Smith

mark

Joseph Richards: sen
Timothy Roberts
John Mackfee
Zebulun dam

Benjamin Tebbets
Joseph walker
William Sliles
Stephen Beary
Joseph miller
Paul Tebbets
Jeams Cley
Solom Clark
will Door
will alen
Sam Richard
Sam Tombly
mathy mackfee
Jonathan Cops "

" Ma"" 26; 1737 In the House of Representatives the within Petition read: and
Voted : That Paul Wentworth Esq'' Cap' Thomas Millet and Stephen Berry; be
authorized A Comitte to Call the first Meeting to Chuse Town officers — and
when such officers are Chosen, they to have full power to act as other town officers by
the Law of the Province and they to have authority to Charge a Whole proprie-
tors Share w* a rate of fifteen Shillings per annum towards paym* of a Ministers
Sallary and so in proportion for y' part of a Share or Right each proprietor do
possess or Claime : this rate to be made yearely for payment only while they have
an orthodox Minister there; not to continue longer j^ the End of y^ yeare 1742;
then to Support their Minister as y'^ Law directs in other towns and that the Pet"
have Liberty to bring in a Bill accordingly —

In Couni March 26, 1737 Read & Concured
Assented to March 26, 1737

JAMES JEFFRY Cl^ Ass-"
R WALDRON Secy
J BELCHER"

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 79

Unfortunately, only scanty material exists out of which to con-
struct the history of the town during its connection with the support
of the ministry. While many unimportant items are carefully pre-
served, questions are constantly arising upon matters of greater
moment upon which there is no light. This is true to a great
extent, through the whole history of the town : —

" For 'tis a common ordinance of fate,
That things obscure and small outlive the great."

The people had already selected their minister, and only waited
for legal authority to settle him. The Rev. Amos Main, who had
for not less than a year preached in Rochester with acceptance,
began to supply the pulpit regularly on the first of April, the date
of the passage of the law. Paul Wentworth and Stephen Berry,
who were empowered to notify the first meeting, called the people
together April 26. At this meeting Mr. Main was chosen town
clerk for the year ensuing, — a sure sign that he was expected to
become a permanent resident.

At a subsequent meeting. May 9, called expressly for that purpose,
it was voted " that Mr. Amos Main be the settled minister of this
town." Benjamin Forst, John Bickford, John Jennes, Benjamin
Hayes, and Timothy Roberts were chosen to receive his answer, and
agree with him upon terms of settlement. They were also, in case
of his acceptance, to send out invitations to a number of ministers
and churches for his ordination. It was voted to give Mr. Main
" his heirs assigns, the privilege of a pew in the meeting house, on
the right hand side of the pulpit, he to build it at his own proper
charge and cost." This was a favor enjoyed by no other family.
It was more than fourteen years before the town disposed of the
remaining pew privileges. It was further voted to give Mr. Main
the use of some of the common lands for seven years. The agree-
ment between the committee and the minister fixed his salary at one
hundred and thirty-five pounds in current passable bills of credit, —
equal to thirty pounds sterling, or about one hundred and fifty dol-
lars, — a part of ivhich he should take in such articles as he had occasion
for, at the money price. The town was also to set him up a good
house frame, forty feet long, twenty feet wide, and two stories high,
wherever he might elect, and whenever he should call on the town
for it. However scanty these provisions for the minister's support

80 ROCHESTER.

may appear at this day, they did not appear illiberal then. They
illustrate the poverty of the people, in the matter of money. Their
means consisted almost wholly in their farms. Moreover it must
not be forgotten that, in addition to his salary, the first minister
became a large land owner. In the division of the town among the
proprietors, one whole share, exclusive of the parsonage lot, was
reserved for the first ordained Gospel minister. In all township
grants of that period the government wisely inserted this condition
to encourage the early settlement of a minister. It is certain that
considering the purchasing power of money, and the style of living
deemed necessary to a minister's family, these early ministers were
better paid than most of their successors. Mr. Main accepted the
invitation " relying upon the town for a comfortable support and
subsistence," and was duly installed into the pastoral office. Par-
ticulars of the installation cannot now be found. The church record
opens as follows : —

" Sept. 18, 1737, Joseph Walker, Elizabeth wife of Eleazer Ham, and Mary
y^ wife of John Mac Fee were admitted Into Full Communion with this chh."

A church writer of the third century, says that three may form a
church, but not a church government ; they are only laity. Accord-
ing to ancient Congregationalism seven i:)erson8 being the least
number by which the rules of discipline in the eighteenth chapter
of Matthew could be reduced to practice, that number was held
necessary to form a church government. These seven, who were
called the " seven inllars of the church" being united by solemn cove-
nant, admitted others to their communion. Accordingly at a meet-
ing held in iSTovember of the same year, seven persons having been
already admitted, Stephen Berry and Joseph Walker were chosen
deacons. There is no record of anv council called to oro-anize the
church.*

" At a Church Meeting In Rochester, March 22, 174|.

The Chh voted Unanimously y*^ following articles viz :

1. That y"^ Principles of this Church as to articles of faith are agreeable to y*
Westminster Confession of faith & according to y** Longer & Shorter Catechisms
of y'' assembly of divines as they were drawn up at Westminster &c — which
Catechisms are Recieved among us.

2: We Profess & Declare ourselves to be a Congregational Chh as to Disci-'
pline according to y« Platform drawn up by a Synod at Cambridge In New
England Anno Domini.

*ror list of church members, see Appendix.

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 81

3 : As to Articles of faith ; we account y« Contrary Principles to y" Confession
of faith & Catechisms aforesd to be Heretical & Erroneous & we Reject them as
such.

4 : Voted that those who Hold to, & Propagate Principles or Doctrines Con-
trary to y'' aforesd Confession of faith & Assemblies Catechisms shall be deemed
& accounted by this — Church Erroneous & Heretical, & shall be dealt with by this
Chh accordingly ^c.

5 : Voted That y« Children of y'^ Covenant & young People w° also are Herein
Included, shall be obliged to attend upon Publick Catechising on y*^ Lords Days
& at other Times when by y* Pastor of this Chh Called thereto from time to
time.

6 : Voted y' Every Communicant belonging to this chh Pay four shillings
towards Supplying y'= Lords Table with y'= Elements, for y'= year Ensuing — And
that what is unpaid by y^ Communicants for y^ year Past be collected & laid out
for y^ chh as they shall think Proper."

The deacons were directed to provide for the sacrament, one
gallon of wine and five pounds of flour from time to time, and
what was left over was to be given to the pastor. At a subsequent
meeting, it was voted, that those who did not bring in their pro-
portion for the four years past, before the next church meeting,
should be dealt with as disorderly persons unless the}' should show
sufficient reason for their failure. One of the many evidences of
the poverty of the people is found in their inability to pay their
taxes for supplying the communion table ; often, individuals were
excused by vote, for sufficient reasons ; the time of payment was
frequently extended, and action taken to hasten delinquents.

Like most of the early churches of ISTew England, this little flock
had many trials in the effort to keep its members in the straight
path of Christian rectitude. Several instances of admonition are
recorded, and many more of apparently voluntary acknowledg-
ments, mostly for neglect to attend upon the church communion.
Yet there were but few cases of punishment, even when the
offenses were more asrgravated. The followino; will serve for
examples : —

" William C Made Satisfaction to the Chh for what was offensive to them

Heretofore In his Behaviour, & was by a vote of y"^ chh admitted to occasional
Communion with this chh.

" Rebecca y'' wife of Richard W made an acknowledgment before y*' chh

for y« Vile abuses she had given with her Tongue — y^ chh Recieved Her to
Charity ag° as an occasional communicant — "

That " the tongue is an unruly evil which no man can tame "
is as true now as when the words were penned by the inspired
apostle. At several times this little member gave the church much
trouble. It received their earliest attention, for the first vote was

82 ROCHESTER.

" a vote to Prevent Lying & Tattling, &c " — " Voted by this Church That
If any member of y** chh do Raise or Spread a false & Evil Report of any of the
Communicants of this chh or of their Neighbours, It shall be deemed matter
of Scandal & offence, & y' upon its Being made known to y^ Rev<i. Pastor of
y^ church by Evidence such offender or offenders shall be & are by this Vote of
y' chh from time to time suspended from y^ communion of y' chh untill that
Publick Satisfaction be given to this Chh by y<= Person or Persons so offending — "

To present such particulars is not exposing the -weakness of our
fathers. It is rather a j)roof of their wisdom, in that they knew
what an amount of mischief and miser}' is produced by slander,

" Whose -whisper o'er the -world's diameter
Transports his poisoned shot."

The discipline was not severe. The members labored rather by
patient and persuasive means, b}- constant watchfulness over each
other's conduct, by calling each other to account for public actions,
by committees of admonition, and by church votes, to keep all
within the lines of duty. This was in strict accordance with the
Cambridge Platform which had been adopted for the regulation
of their conduct.

The church book, at this period, was made the record of bap-
tisms and marriages, and in some cases of births and deaths.
Nearly six hundred baptisms are recorded, many of them of infants.*
At this time, the general practice of the New England churches
admitted persons of serious and moral character to receive the
rite of baptism. This was called the "half way covenant," and
was sanctioned by the synod of Boston in 1663 to obviate the diffi-
culty arising from the fact that church membership was necessary
in order to vote or to hold office. All baptized persons were
recognized as church members, and their children were entitled
to baptism ; yet they made no profession of personal faith, and
did not partake of the Lord's Supper. Baptized children were
considered members of the church, and a special guardianship was
maintained over them. Slaves also were baptized upon the faith
of their owners. These remarks are necessary to understand such
records as the following: —

"Aug. 28, 1737. Simon Bussel Baptized upon his Parents acct — "
" May 16, 1756. Baptized Huldah Bickford so called Her master & mistress
JennesBro't Her to Baptism — "

" Sept. 5, 1756. Baptized Ralph Farnam son of Paul Farnam of To-wow — "

* See Appendix.

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 83

"Towow" was the Indian name by which Lebanon, Me., was
long called. Ealpli Farnam was the old revolutionar}'- soldier who
died a few years since, aged over one hundred years.

In June, 1749, the church solemnly renewed their covenant, and
observed a day of fasting and prayer " for the revival of religion,
the outpouring of the spirit of God, and the advancement of the
Redeemer's Kingdom." Many confessions were made, votes of
satisfaction passed, and the offending members restored to their
standing. The sacrament was administered on the Sabbath fol-
lowing. This was, perhaps, the first fast in the history of the
town; a special day appointed by the church itself, religiously
and sincerely observed ; and not the idle form to which the public
fasts of the present day have so nearly degenerated.

During all the years of Mr. Main's ministry not a ripple of
dissatisfaction that can now be discovered occurred between pastor
and people. Many things show that he dealt with them in a very
mild and affectionate manner. Small as his salary was, the de-
preciation of currency was so great during the Indian war, that
he did not i-eceive his just due. In a call for a town meeting,
he caused an article to be inserted —

" to see what the town will do in relation to their agreement with Mr. IMain,
as he saith he understands there is uneasiness among some people about these
things, and he desires that all the people belonging to his charge would meet
together on this occasion, that both pastor and people may have a friendly con-
versation, and labor to settle the affair in the best manner they can."

The people assembled, March 29, 1744, and after the " friendly
conversation," voted immediately to build him the frame house
which had been promised when he settled with them, and for
which he had patiently waited more than twelve years ; and chose
Capt. Timothy Roberts and Ensign Edward Tebbets a committee
for that purpose. The amount due on his salary was settled upon
terms of mutual satisfaction. Although the currency continued
to depreciate, Mr. Main received it withput murmuring, frequently
gi\"ing receipts like this : —

*' Received of the Selectmen of Rochester four hundred pounds old tenor on
account of my salary for 1751, which sum icith tchat I frankly give in to said
town I take for the full of my salary for said year."

Amos Main was born in York, Me., Jan. 8, 170^, and died
in Rochester, April 5, 1760. Of his early life little is known.

84 ROCHESTER.

He graduated at Harvard College in 1729, and about the time of
his settlement in this town, he married Elizabeth, the daughter of
John White of Haverhill, Mass. It is related that she had several
sisters, who were all brought up to attend to domestic aiFairs,
while she alone was sent to .the best boarding-schools in Boston.
What is singular, she, at the age of seventeen or eighteen years,
married a frontier minister and resigned herself to the hardships
and deprivations of the wilderness, while her sisters all married
men of wealth. The late Judge White of Dover, a lineal descend-
ant, had in his possession a silk apron elaborately embroidered
by Mrs. Main, while a school girl in Boston.

Mr. Main's last sickness was of few weeks' duration. His
arduous labors and great exposure in attending to his diversified
duties as the guide and support of the infant settlement, doubt-
less hastened on the consumption of which he died. At their
annual meeting in March, the town took measures to supply the
pulpit, and on the twenty - fourth of the same month he made
a will in the usual lengthy and formal style of that age: — thank-
ing God that though weak in body he remained of perfect mind
and memory; giving, principally and first of all, his soul into
the hands of God, who gave it, and his body to the earth, to be
buried in decent Christian burial, nothing doubting but at the
general resurrection he should receive the same again by the
mighty power of God ; and as touching the worldly goods with
which it had pleased God to bless him, proceeding to bequeath
them to the different members of his family. In lands he was
rich enough to provide liberally for the maintenance of his wife,
and also to give each of his children a good-sized farm. Of his
personal estate he gave to his wife, his " negro man Pomp, two
horses, three cows, and all his heifers." To Josiah, his only son,
he gave his oxen and steers for the common use of the family,
also one horse and a cow. His library was to be divided equally
among his wife and children. One half acre of land adjoining
the church burying -ground, he bequeathed for a burying-place
for his family forever.

The day of his death was a sad one to his people. For twenty-
three years he had been their counselor and Christian friend;
always earnestly devoted to their interests, rejoicing with them in
every time of prosperity, and sympathizing with them in every

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 85

affliction. He had unflinchingly remained throughout the perils
of the Indian wars. He had been their pastor, their teacher,
their physician, their adviser in worldly affairs. Many of them
he had married, and their children had grown up to look upon
him with love and respect. He had baptized them; he had
attended them in their hours of sickness, to administer relief to
the body and consolation to the soul ; and he had buried their
dead. It was said of him truly, that

" he was a great blessing to the people of his charge and greatly encouraged
them in their concerns sijiritual and temporal."

" The best portion of a good man's life,
His little nameless, unremembered acts
Of kindness and of love."

Mr. Main's sermons which remain, are characterized by earn-
estness of style, and by elaborate division and arrangement of
subject. They are filled with the most direct warnings and en-
treaties, justifying the epithet of Boanerges applied to him by
Air. Haven. He dwelt continually upon the danger and folly of
impenitence, and it was evidently his one great object to lead
sinners to repentance. His sermon number one, preached while
a candidate, is perhaps a fair specimen of them all. It abounds
in Scriptural quotations largely from the Old Testament, and,
according to the custom of those times, is most methodically
composed, consisting of an introduction, three principal divisions,
eighteen subdivisions, and closing with practical remarks under
the head of Improvement.

Mr. Main's practice as a physician was very extensive. His
books show many charges against people in Berwick, Durham,
Barringtou, Towow (Lebanon), Somersworth, Dover, and occa-
sionally Greenland, Rye, "Wells, and Stratham. As we look over
his records, we can imagine this faithful Samaritan making his
way on horseback over rough and lonely roads to some distant
part of the settlement or some neighboring town. His gun ever
ready against the surprise of Indian foes is supported erect upon
his foot near the stirrup, while the barrel rests against the saddle.
At one place he stops to set a broken leg ; at another leaves a
little liniment; here he writes an indenture or a will; here he
baptizes some aged person, or an infant, or a man upon his
deathbed; always making a note of such facts, and thus uniting

86 ROCHESTEK.

upon the same journey the duties of several professions. In pay-
ment for these services he received such as the people had to give,
wool, flax, boards, beef, pork, labor, occasionally a pistareen, yet
for the most part but little money. He often discounted their
ministerial taxes for such articles as they furnished him, according
to the agreement when he settled with them.

Though he carried his gun, yet the Indians had such a sacred
regard for his character that he was never molested. These
savages, at the close of every war, were in the habit of coming
to the white settlements and boasting of their exploits, and thus
the settlers often learned the circumstances of the capture or
death of their friends. They would frequently come to Mr.
Main's house, and give him an account of his travels about the
country during the hostilities, relating minute particulars. They
even told him when he walked or trotted his horse, and where
he stopped ; showing that all his movements had been closely
watched, "When he inquired why they did not kill him, their
reply was, "You one good man; you same as one priest."
Having a great veneration for the Jesuit priests who lived among
them, this feeling was extended to Mr. Main whom they included
in the same class.

After Mr. Plain's death, tradition says his remains were kept
fourteen days before burial, as it was necessary to procure many
articles from Portsmouth, and make suitable preparations that he
might be interred with the honors and dignity due to his high
position. The town paid the expenses, and the following items
appear in the account of that year : —

" Paid Enoch Hoeg for six rings for Mr. Main's funeral, 15 — 17 — 3
Paid Stephen Evans for rum for the funeral, 11 — 5 — 0

Paid for things at Portsmouth for the funeral, 47 — 10 — 0 "

The rings were mourning rings for the six daughters. He was
buried in the family lot now included in the common burying-
ground on Haven's hill. Just beyond this place stood the par-
sonage in which Mr. Main resided. "Within a few years this family
burial lot has been inclosed and a beautiful marble monument
erected by his descendants, to the memory of the first Gospel
Minister of Rochester.

A few days before the death of Mr. Main, after his recovery

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 87

was beyond hope, the town voted to hire a minister for three
months. The Rev. Samuel Hill was selected for this temporary
supply. At the expiration of the time, " his doctrine and con-
versation being unreprovable and he appearing to be a person
able, learned and orthodox," it was decided to invite him to a
settlement as pastor. Many formalities were observed, and all
things proceeded according to exact system. A committee of te}i
of the foremost citizens, at the head of which were Dea. Berry
and Capt. Roberts, were to treat with the candidate; a smaller
committee to procure a parsonage lot of the proprietors ; another,
to draw up a covenant of agreement; and still another, to build
a parsonage house. In the agreement they styled themselves a
committee of " the freeholders and inhabitants of the town, church
and congregation qualified to vote in town aifairs." The contract
with Mr. Hill was for fifty pounds sterling as a yearly salary, a
house and barn to be built, the lot fenced, a well dug, and an
orchard planted. All were to have a fair chance to pay their
taxes in labor or in lumber such as was needed. Although the
town was several years in building the house and fencing the lot,
yet no time was lost in commencing the work. Sept. 29, 1760,
the proprietors sold lot !N"o. 25, of the first Division for the use
of the ministry. Upon this lot was at this time commenced the
parsonage house, still standing upon the very top of Haven's hill,
and now known as the Gershom Home place. As Mr. Main's
house and land was his private property, this was the first parson-
age owned by the town, and is still a respectable edifice, which
the people, doubtless, then looked upon with much pride. While
waiting: for the house, the minister boarded at Mrs. Main's. The
town bought him a pew, and omitted nothing which his necessity
or comfort required. I^othing is known of his personal history or
that of the church during his pastorate. He was cut down by
death after a short ministry of four years, and the people were
called a second time to mourn the loss of a beloved pastor. The
loss of the church records of this period, ^ the shortness of Mr.
Hill's residence in Rochester, — and the dispersion of his family
have deprived us of the usual sources of information in regard to
his life and character.

Samuel Hill was born Oct. 17, 1714, in Maiden, Mass., where
his ancestors settled early in the history of New England. He

88 ROCHESTER.

graduated at Harvard University at the age of twenty-one, and
was ordained pastor of the Congregational Church in Marshiield,
Mass., July 16, 1740. Here he continued for nearly twelve 3^ears
of successful labor, though somewhat interrupted by ill health.
A revival occurred in 1742, resulting in eighteen additions to the
church. 1^0 similar revival followed there till one hundred years
later. Though his health incapacitated him for public preaching,
his people were reluctant to let Mr. Hill go. He was sent on a
trip to the eastward, but his health was not restored. A day of
fasting and prayer on account of his weakness and inability to
preach was observed by the church, and neighboring ministers
were invited to attend. In February the church first met to
consult in regard to the supply of the pulpit, but not till ITo-
vember was his dismission recommended by a council convened
to consider this subject. Their advice was accepted, and his
dismission occurred on the twentieth of March, 1752. His people
gave him, as a parting present, a "preaching Bible," — probably
the one from which he had been accustomed to preach. He
removed to Biddeford, Me., where he resided for a time in the
house of Capt. Samuel Jordan, whose daughter Mr. Hill had
married in 1739. He and his wife were received into the church
there, of which Rev. Moses Morrill was pastor, who had also
married a daughter of Capt. Jordan. In 1754 Mr. Hill was chosen
representative of the town of Biddeford. In 1755 his wife died,
and two years after he married Elizabeth Shapleigh of Elliot, Me.
In Julv, 1760, he received a unanimous invitation to settle in
Rochester, where he was installed the 19th of November fol-
lowing.

While at Marshfield, Mr, Hill acquired a passion for gunning,
and was in the habit of hunting wild fowl, which were found in
abundance at a place called Brant Rock. Upon one of these
excursions to this rock he was wounded, by the accidental dis-
charge of his gun.

The unpublished diary of the Rev. Josiah Cotton contains the
following in reference to his dismission from Marshfield: —

*' A more pitiable case has happened at Marshfield, namely, — the dismission
of Rev. Mr. Hill from his ministry. A good man and a good preacher, but
very crazy and infirm, and otherwise in poor circumstances. The Lord provide
for him and his."

FIKST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 89

The craziness here meant is simply bodily: there is no intima-
tion that his mind was affected. "A good man and a good
preacher " is the testimony of his contemporary. It is eulogy suf-
ficient. ISTo odium rests upon his character, and as a preachei*
he was popular.

Probably his constitution was so much broken by ill health
before his settlement in Rochester, that the labors of the ministry
were too great for him to endure. He died of dropsy on the
nineteenth of April, 1764, at the age of fifty. The town defrayed
the expenses of his funeral, as in case of Mr. Main. His remains
were interred in the burying-ground close by the church in which
he had been accustomed to preach, i^o marble monument, — no
lettered stone informs us of the spot of his burial. Tradition,
even, does not attempt to point it out. Among the many name-
less graves of the people with whom he made a brief sojourn, his
ashes repose, " but no man knoweth of his sepulcher unto this
day."

For a year and a half after the death of Mr. Hill, the church
remained without a pastor. The people were lukewarm. Although
frequently called together to consider ministerial afi!airs and urged
" to attend for a short space and solidh^ debate these questions,""
yet they continued in a state of indifference. One minister after
another was hired to preach " on approbation," and one after
another failed to give satisfaction, or to excite any permanent
interest. For weeks and months candidates supplied the desk,
uncertain of the wishes of the people, and when a decision was
demanded, it would be voted to " seek further for some orthodox
man," Among those who preached was Rev. Mr. Bowen, who
soon after became pastor of the Xew South Church in Boston, and
who was father of Bishop Bowen of South Carolina.

At length, ^ov. 6, 1765, an invitation to settle was given by
the church to the Rev. Avery Hall, who had pre^thed only a few
Sabbaths. The town united in the call on the thirteenth of Jan-
uary following, and appointed John Plummer, Esq""., Ens". Ed-
ward Tibbets, and Dec". James Knowles a committee to present
the same. Mr. Hall signified his willingness to accept, if they
would make suitable provision for his support. They offered a
salary of seventy pounds, which he thought insufficient. They
increased the offer to seventy-five pounds, and the committee

90 ROCHESTER,

" discoursed " with Mr. Hall ; but lie still thought the sum not
" honorable." They refused any further increase. Town meetings
were continued by numerous adjournments during the next three
months, till on July 7, 1766, it was voted " to give Mr. Avery
Hall the Sum of eighty Pounds lawful Money as his annual Sal-
ary," and Capt. "William Allen, Deacon James Knowles, Jabez
Dam, Lieu'. David Cops, and Thomas Brown were appointed to
treat \\dth Mr. Hall and " perfix the time of Ordination." His
letter of acceptance is as follows : —

" To the Church of Christ in Rochester & to the Congregation in s'^ Town

Avery Hall sendeth Greeting.
Dearly beloved in our Lord Jessus Christ,

Where as in your destitute State, being deprived of a settled Gospel Minister,
GOD in his Providence hath pointed out me, to preach y"^ Gospel to you, & you
have made choice of me (1, as y'' least of all Saints) to be your gospel Min-
ister, To take the charge of your Souls ; Seeing your Unanimity, & having im-
plored y" divine Guidance in this important Affair, & being moved as I humbly
trust by the Spirit of God, I think it ray Duty to accept the call ; & I do freely
accept y"^ Call to y*' Work of the gospel ministry among you & stand ready to
be introduced into y'^ Sacred Office according to gospel Order in a convenient
time, confiding in your Goodness that you will be ready to afford me all needful
helps & Assistances, for my comfortable Support among you ; expecting also
that you allow me a suitable time for Journeying once a year to visit my Friends

abroad. & now I beseech y*^ God of all Grace to bless us with all spiritual

Blessings in heavenly things in Christ Jesus ; and that y^ Word of the Lord
may have free Course & be glorified among us.

This is y'' sincere Desire & prayer, of your Servant in Christ

Rochester, July 21, 1706. Avery Hall."

" Sept. 2, 1766. Voted £15 to Defray the charge of Mr. Hall's ordination to
be Raised out of the Hire of the Parsonage Land in said Town for two years
Past and Dec" James Knowles William Chamberlin Jabez Dam John Plummer
Esq"' Cap' Jon'' Ham chosen a Committee to Provide the Materials for the
ordination and the choice of the Place where the Provision is to be made for
Entertaining of the Strangers is Left to said Committee to say where it Shall be."

The ordination occurred Oct. 15, 1766. The Sermon and the
Charge were by Mr. Hall of Wallingford, Conn., probably a relative
of the pastor-elect. The Ordaining Prayer and the Right Hand of
Fellowship ■u'ere oy the venerable James Pike who had been pastor
at Somersworth for thirty-six years, and was Moderator of the Coun-
cil. The Introductory Prayer was by Mr. Dame, and the Concluding
Prayer by Dr. Langdon of Portsmouth. The Rev. ^latthew Meriam
present from Berwick, Me., was a classmate of Mr. Hall. " After
singing a Psalm & the Blessing was pronounced, the large Assembly
was dispersed."

With some suitable sense of what was becoming to their improved

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 91

circumstances, the people commenced a work of renovation. Be-
ginning with the meeting-house, the broken glass was mended, the
pews were changed, a bucket for the well, and a lock for the par-
sonage house were bought. Such items as nails, lumber, glass,
and " putte," again appear in the accounts. A spirit of reform
seems to have seized the community. Some wanted to modernize
public worship ; and so, from mending the meeting-house, the town
undertook to mend the singing, — a delicate matter, — somewhat
hazardous at all times, and evidently, not without the common
result, hard feeling, at this time. The town was asked to grant —

" the liberty of a seat, in some convenient place in the meeting house, to accom-
modate the singers to sit together : " And it was voted " that A. B. C. have the lib-
erty to build, at their own expense, a seat before the front gallery, so as not to hide
the sight of the pews and those that sit back,"

A committee of five was appointed — two of whom were the dea-
cons — " to choose out the best singers and say who should be
the A. B. C." Xo sooner, however, was the seat built, than the
subject was reconsidered. The town concluded to take away the
seat, pay the expense of building it, and try to reconcile all parties
by providing a place for the singers below. The authority to choose
out the best singers was renewed to the deacons, and those whom
they chose annually were to have the privilege of sitting in the
singers' seat. Thus, the first step towards the formation of a choir
was taken by the town in public town meeting. The church soon
took control of the matter. A year later, they held a meeting in
reference to the singing, and chose Richard Wentworth, Paul Libby,
Samuel Chamberlin, and David Place "to be with Deacon Walker
as Choristers to Tune the Psalm."

Having repaired the meeting-house, and formed a choir according
to the approved manner of that day, the business of setting things
in order extended to the parsonage. This building commenced
for Mr. Hill six years before, had never been completed. It was
one condition of the contract with Mr. Hall that it should be made
fit for him to occupy, and be kept in good repair ; yet, for another
six years the work dragged slowly along, and at the end of that time
the town was still deliberating; whether or not the " ministerial
house should be finished off."

The period of Mr. Hall's ministry is remarkable only for the sad
divisions among the people of his charge. All the circumstances

92 ROCHESTER.

attending his call and settlement were inauspicious, and foreshad-
owed the troubles which followed. The lack of interest, the long
delays, the difficulty of agreeing about the salary, all show that the
congregation had suffered so long for want of a spiritual teacher,
that it was in ill condition to receive one. To the general apathy
which prevailed at his settlement, a state of passion and excitement
succeeded. Disputes arose which divided the church and people
into angry factions. Accusations led to counter accusations, and
bitterness took the place of harmony. . "When the contest was at
its height, the estrangement between the members of the church
was so great that those of one faction refused to partake of the sac-
rament with those of the other. The deacons were on opposite
sides. To increase the discord, the parties were very nearly equal,
the strongest party in the church having a majority of only one vote
upon all test questions. It is impossible, at this day, to write a com-
plete history of this church war ; even the causes of the troubles
can not be fully ascertained. Written charges were brought against
the pastor, but no record of them has been preserved. It is alleged
that both the doctrine and the conduct of Mr. Hall were unsatis-
factory to the people. The facts which are now known, lead to the
opinion that the charges against his doctrine related to his position
on the " half way covenant," while the charges against his conduct
referred to the manner in which he conducted the controversy.

The " half way covenant," as it was called, had been sanctioned
by the practice of the New England churches from an early date.
Persons who had been baptized in infancy, upon arriving at maturity
with a good moral character and outward conformity to the require-
ments of religion, were received into covenant, and were entitled to
have their children baptized; yet they did not partake of the sacra-
ment, nor make a confession of faith. This practice sprung in part
from the tenderness which the church cherished towards its children.
But a more powerful reason was found in the fact already mentioned,
that church membership was necessary to entitle a person to vote or
to render eligible to civil office. Union with the church, therefore,
being sought for political objects, the door was gradually opened to
the unworthy, whereby the church could not but suffer dishonor.
The " half way covenant " was devised as a partial remedy for this
evil, by giving moral men the civil standing conferred by church
membership, while not admitting them to the full spiritual privi-

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 93

leges of those who professed conversion. They were however sub-
ject to some degree of discipline, as seen by the following vote.

" July 13, 1749. Voted by this Church that Such Persons as are In Covenant
with y^ Chh w° have not Joyned in full Communion with y*' chh Shall be Dealt
with from time to time In case of Publick Scandal or offence by y^ chh Equally
with those in full communion."

There were, therefore, two classes of church-members ; those in
fall communion, and those in covenant. A strong feeling of dis-
satisfaction with this state of the churches had already arisen in
many parts of IsTew England. The great revival which swept over
the^country in 1741-2, did much to increase and extend this discon-
tent. Jonathan Edwards, the most distinguished theologian of the
countr}^ had taken a decided position against the half-way cove-
nant;— a position which involved him in difficulties with his peo-
ple, raised an intense opposition to his preaching, and finally resulted
in his dismission from his pastoral office in ITorthampton.

In the third year of Mr. Hall's ministry, Dec. 7, 1768, a church
meeting was called especially to confer upon the question —

" whether any should be received into covenant, that did not come into full
communion, and the greater part gave in that they ought not to be received but
into full communion, but it was not passed into a vote."

From this time members beo-an to absent themselves from church
meetings, and from the communion table, and those who were in
covenant ceased to attend upon public worship. Committees were
appointed to reason with the delinquents, and urge them to return.
At a church meeting, July 1, 1772, having been pressed to give
their reasons, they openly avowed their dislike to Mr. Hall's minis-
try. Mr. Hall, as moderator, checked them, forbidding them to
enumerate particular causes of complaint, until they had sought
private satisfaction. A paper containing charges against the pastor,
(prepared, as the record states, by the wife of one in covenant,)
was presented by Deacon Knowles. The pastor refused to read it,
and insisted that it should not be read. " A clamor was raised."
The church being determined to hear it, the moderator was over-
ruled, and the paper was read, but no further action was taken.
An attempt to settle the difficulties in a private way proved unsuc-
cessful. At the next church meeting. Dr. Langdon of Portsmouth
was invited to act as moderator. After the subject had been dis-

94 • ROCHESTER.

cussed at length, it was voted, by one majority, that the answer of
the pastor to the charges was unsatisfactory. At a subsequent
meeting a vote was taken upon the same question with the same
result, the vote standing " nine against eight." " A Christian con-
ference " was called Aug. 12, 1773, at the pastor's house. The
dissatisfied party were strongly urged to say what would satisfy
them, but refused to do so. Then the observance of the sacrament
was suggested, but the aggrieved members declined to participate.
" So y® Meeting was brook up." The town took up the matter, and
voted that they were dissatisfied with Mr. Hall's doctrine and con-
duct, and that he should not supply the desk until he had cleared
up his character ; but when the question of hiring another preacher
came up, they hesitated, and declined to act. When a town by the
concurrence of a majority of its legal voters had settled a minister,
he had a life tenure in his office, and could not be removed except
by action of a council or by legal proceedings. It was therefore no
easy matter to get rid of an objectionable pastor. To the vote of
dissatisfaction already passed, twenty-six voters entered an elaborate
protest, founded upon technical objections to the notification, and
want of power in the town. The town was still legally bound for
the support of Mr. Hall. He continued to receive his salary, and
maintained undivided possession of the pulpit.

All attempts to settle difficulties in a private way having failed, a
council was proposed with the approval of all parties. But how
should it be called? Mr. Hall's friends demanded a mutual council
called by the concurrent action of church and pastor. The other
party insisted that as they were in the majority, the council should
be called by the church, " as aggrieved icith their 'pastor.'^ It being
impossible to agree, the dissatisfied party claiming to be the church
by reason of having one majority, called a council in the name of
the church. All the minister's friends could do was to remonstrate.
"When the council met, however, the^^ allowed the remonstrants
to invite an equal number of ministers and churches of their own
selection, to unite with them ; and so the council became mutual.
The result of their deliberations was made known April 21, 1774.
It advised that the pastor should ask a dismission, and that the town
should pay him two hundred dollars as a compensation. Anxious
to be freed from their minister on any terms, the town immediately
accepted the result and voted the compensation. Mr. Hall declined

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 95

to receive it. His friends claimed that lie was not yet legally dis-
missed, and alleged that unfair means were used to get the town to
vote the compensation. They styled the charges against Mr. Hall
cruel and unjust, and appealed to the result of council to show that
they had not been proved. They accused their opponents of assum-
ing the authority of the church when they were only a minor part
of it; of appointing church meetings and calling in the assistance
of mere covenanters to vote Mr. Hall's dismission ; and charged them
with thus amusing the people and keeping them in a rage to answer
their own ends. They proposed another council, but the proposi-
tion was instantly rejected. Each party claimed to be the church
and held its church meetings. One of these self-styled churches
had voted the pastor's dismission. The other did not accept the
result of council, but " signified their minds in writing, and desired
the pastor to continue with them." The refusal to accept the
decision of the council aroused the town. They appointed a com-
mittee to prosecute Mr. Hall, if he attempted to preach, and to hire
a candidate to supply the pulpit. One of this committee was
Deacon Knowles, an influential member of the church, and one of
the most able and respected citizens of the town. More than one
hundred persons protested against the proceedings of this meeting,
and the votes were not carried into effect. In spite of all these
measures, Mr. Hall continued to preach in the meeting-house for
more than six months longer. He then proposed to ask a dismis-
sion on condition that the town should give him " one year's salary,
one hundred pounds lawful money, the use of the parsonage house,
lot and barn, and a lot of land adjoining, and exempt him and all
his interest from paying any public taxes in town during his natural
life." The town met this offer with an emphatic negative, followed
up by a vote to lock the meeting-house against him. A " stock
lock" for this object is one of the charges in this year's account.
The meeting-house locked against him, and a candidate hired to
preach in his pulpit, Mr. Hall concluded to make the best terms in
his power. A year had elapsed since the meeting of the ecclesias-
tical council which recommended his dismission. He now received
sixty pounds as a compensation, and agreed to ask that dismission.
The following record of a church meeting, April 10, 1775, is the
last record made by the hand of Mr. Hall.

96 ROCHESTER.

*' Some unhappy Disputes having arisen in this Chh relative to your pastor, &
disaffection in the Minds of many towards tlie Pastor still subsisting, to the great
grief of your Pastor, & it having been advised to by an Ecclesiastical Council that
I should ask a Dismission from my pastoral Relation to this Church, I now ask a
Dismission of you ; If it be your Minds that my pastoral Relation to you, breth-
ren, be now dissolved, & that I should commend your Souls to God who has com-
mitted them to my pastoral Care, the Dismission is not from Office, but only from
my pastoral Relation to you, please to signify it, &c., & it passed in y^ Affir^ by
one."

After endeavoriiii!; for two years to break the bonds between
minister and people, the town, in the end, succeeded only by hiring
the minister to ask a dismission. The conckision of this unfortu-
nate controversy and the final reconciliation of the parties in the
church did not occur until the time of Mr. Hall's successor in office.
Soon after the ordination of Mr. Haven, the church voted to hear
the aggrieved brethren as to their grievances, — the words, " ag-
grieved brethren," being now reversed in their application, and
meaning those who had supported Mr. Hall. By the consent of all
parties, the subject was referred to the Rev. Mr. Lancton of York,
the Rev. Mr. Hemenway of Wells, and the Rev. Mr. Spring of
Kittery, all in Maine. They met at the pastor's house. May 28,
1776, and continued their sessions two days. Upon the announce-
ment of their report, which is not recorded, —

" The church unanimously voted to own and acknowledge the Rev. Mr. Avery
Hall (their late pastor) as a brother of this church, and to recommend him to
preach the gospel wherever requested," Shortly after it was voted " that persons,
who are thought to be prepared, be admitted to own the covenant, and have the
ordinance of baptism administered to their children, if they labor under such
doubts and fears that they are afraid to come up to the table of the Lord."

The half-way covenanters had finally triumphed. K it be true
that these troubles sprang from Mr. Hall's attempt to establish a
more rigid discipline by overthrowing the half-way covenant, not
only is the fact creditable to his theological attainments, but the
subsequent history of the churches shows that he was in the advance
of religious reform. There were, however, other causes of dissatis-
faction. His unpopularity was increased by a feeling that he was
somewhat avaricious. He was censured also, for having accepted
the invitation to settle, while there was so great indifierence to his
preaching. Mr. Haven regarded this prevailing indifference on reli-
gious subjects as the chief source of the whole controversy.

The Rev. Theophilus Hall was the first pastor of the church which

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 97

lie had gathered in Meriden, Conn., where he died in the thirty-
eighth year of his ministry. He was said to be " a man of strong
intellectual powers, a faithful advocate of civil and religious liberty,
mucli respected and beloved by his people." Several of his sermons
were published; among them one preached at the ordination of Mr.
Meriam at Berwick, Me. Avery Hall, his son, was born in Meri-
den, Conn., Dec. 2, 1737, and graduated at Yale College in 1759.
During the year 1761 he taught the Hopkins Grammar School at
'New Haven, Conn., while pursuing his theological studies. He was
ordained at Rochester, Oct. 15, 1766. As a preacher Mr. Hall was
moderate and monotonous in his manner, and had not the faculty
of communicating his ideas in a way to command the attention or
excite the interest of his hearers. This no doubt contributed to his
unpopularity in Rochester.

He is said to have been a man of considerable wit. Calling upon
a friend one day, according to custom he was invited to drink.
Offering him a diminutive glass, " this," said his friend, " is very
old spirit, and very nice." Raising and scanning the glass thought-
fully for a few seconds, Mr. Hall replied, "Well, it seems to me it
is very small of its age."

During all the controversy with his parish, there seems to have
been nothing brought to impugn his moral character. Several aged
persons who have died within the last twenty years remembered Mr.
Hall well, and testified that he was a man respected for his exem-
plary habits, of good sense and judgment, and of very even temper,
seldom known to be in a passion.

After his dismission he removed to Wakefield, being among the
early settlers of that town. He preached for a short time at Effing-
ham, going and returning upon the Sabbath, but soon left the min-
istry and devoted himself to agriculture. He, however, was very
useful in rendering kindly offices to the sick, visiting them often,
and praying and conversing with them. After a church was formed
in Wakefield, he officiated as deacon, as long as he was able to per-
form the duties of that office. He was a successful farmer, manag-
ing his large tract of land with profit. In those early days he was
almost the only man in town to write legal instruments. Holding
the office of justice of the peace for many years, he was known as
" Squire Hall," and as a magistrate gave judgment upon many
cases at law.

98 ROCHESTER.

His first wife, Mary Chesley of Dover, died in Rochester, and
he married Abigail, daughter of Rev. James Pike of Somersworth.

Mr. Hall died Aug. 5, 1820, at the age of eighty-two years,
having entirely lost his faculties.

During the time when the meeting-house was locked against Mr.
Hall, Joseph Haven was employed to preach as a candidate. He
was then twentj^-eight years of age, and had just finished his studies
at Harvard University. In September, 1775, the church invited
him to become their pastor. Soon after, the town united with the
church in its invitation, offering the same salary and privileges
which had been granted to Mr. Hall. Mr. Haven was evidently not
well pleased with the state of feeling among the people, and had
much hesitation about settling in Rochester. Before replying, he ad-
dressed a very plain letter to the inhabitants of the town, alluding
to their troubles and expressing the belief that they would never
get through with them so long as their indifference to religion
existed. He regarded the fact that they had been already deprived
of three ministers as a sore judgment, and said that they might take
his answer as a decided negative, unless they manifested a more
general interest in the question of his settlement. He begged them
to come out and vote for or against him, that he might know what
course to pursue. The town immediately renewed the invitation
with such unanimity that he at once accepted, in the following
terms : —

" M^ Haven's Answer to the Chh & Congregation in Rochester.

The sovereign of the universe governs all things, & by his providence orders
them as shall be most to his honor & glory. He often brings about things contrary
to our expectations & eveu wishes : But where he calls to a thing there must be a
chearful resignation to his will, & we must be ready to go in the paths he has
pointed out for us.

After great divisions & sore trials among you (the cause of which I hope none
will now look abroad to find, but to his own heart) you have seen fit to give me
an invitation to settle in the gospel ministry in this \Aace, & to take the care of
this chch & people upon me ; which is a great undertaking & what I am, of myself,
utterly unable to go thro' with : Yet when I see that you are so well united (which
is far beyond all expectation, & must be ascribed alone to the Lord) with an hum-
ble relyance upon him, I must think myself bound in duty to yield to your solicita-
tions, as being called thereto by the great head of the chch & bishop of Souls.
The prayers of this chch & people I do earnestly solicit, that I may be directed &
prospered in so great & arduous an undertaking : That I may be made a faithful
minister of Jesus Christ, & a successful laborer in this part of his vineyard ; that
I may be the means of winning many souls to him ; & that I may not fear the face
of man, so as to leave any part of the business alotted me to do undone.

And that the great head of the chch may bestow choicest of heavens blessings

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 99

upon his flock in this place, & upon the whole town, shall be the constant wish &
prayer of a hearty well wisher to your souls, & your humble servant

Joseph Haven.

As an addition to what you have proposed for a support, I shall expect that the
parsonage house be put & kept in good & decent repair during my ministration
among you.

It has been proposed that the fence around the lot upon which the house stands
be made good by subscription : this I shall likewise expect.

And as God has seen fit in his infinite wisdom to bring great ti'oubles & distress
upon this land, the burden of which will fall heavy upon almost every person ; to
testify my readiness to suffer with my brethren, & reposing my confidence in God,
I do freely remit a tenth part of my first years sallary (which is eight pounds) to
the town.

Rochester Nov^ 25*: 1775."

The town voted Mr. Haven's call Nov. 20, 1775, and appointed the following
committee

" to Prosecute the above business as the Case shall require. Cap' William Allen
Barnabas Palmer Cap' William Chambei'lin Ens Richard Furber Joseph Pearl John
Plumer Esq"^ Dea"^" James Knowles.

" Dec. 25, 1775, Chose Jabez Dame Barnabas Palmer Cap' William Allen a
Committee to Procure Meterials."

" Paid Committee for going after Mr. Haven 1 — 18 — Gig."

" Expences of Mr. Haven's ordination 12 — 10 — 4."

The ordination occurredJan. 10, 1776. The churches represented
in the Council were the First and Fourth in Dedham, Mass., the
First and Second in Berwick, Me., and the churches in Somers-
worth, Dover, Barrington, and ]!:^ew Durham.

" Chose ReV^. M' Haven Moderator. Rev^. M'. Foster Clerk. ReV^. M^ Porter
made the first prayer; Rev<* M^ Haven preached a sermon; . . . Rev*^. M'.
Foster made a prayer with laying on of hands ; then he gave the charge ; Rev"^
M"". Merriam gave the right hand of fellowship ; Rev''^ M'. Belknap made the
concluding prayer ; a Psalm was sung & the assembly dismissed with the blessings
being gave."

Thus happily commenced the relation of pastor and people, which
continued for nearly half a century. The parsonage was again re-
repaired, but the meeting-house was almost beyond mending. Mr.
Haven omitted no opportunity of urging the importance of a new
building. He frequently illustrated the uncertainty of life by point-
ing to the shattered old building in danger of falling at every brisk
gale of wind. After three years of patient continuance with no
more prospect that the house would fall of itself, he gave them a
discourse which is a good example of his style of "plain preaching."

1 Corinthians, 11:22. "What, have ye not houses to eat and to drink in?
or despise ye the church of God ? . . What shall I say unto you ? shall I
praise you in this ? I praise you not."

He told his hearers that it was a mark of declension in religion to see God's house

100 EOCHESTER.

going to ruin. " I hardly need make any closer application, for this old rack of a
building, which is going to decay without any repairs, and which, by our conduct,
we seem to think good enough to worship God in, seems to make application
enough. This, which is called the house of God, is become a by-word to passen-
gers. The season is coming on when a great many of you will excuse yourselves
from attending public worship, because you expose your health in such a house.
Do you think that if you have convenient houses yourselves to dwell in, it is no
matter how God is turned off ? Why should there be such neglect ? "Why do you
show so little regard to God and religion ? Is it not plain that you have not much
regard for either ? "

Before the breaking out of the Eevokition, the necessary votes
had been passed for building a new house, committees had been
appointed, some of the large timbers had been cut and hauled, and
the town had been divided into parishes. The house was to have
been for the accommodation of the tirst parish, Avhich consisted of
one third of the town lying towards Dover, and although the whole
town was to be taxed for this purpose, yet it was agreed that when
the upper parish should build a house of their own, their proportion
of the present tax should be refunded. Moreover, the meeting-house
was intended to be a great honor to the town in its style of archi-
tecture, for it was voted that it should be of the same dimensions as
that at Dover " where the Rev. Mr. Jeremiah Belknap now doth
preach," which was doubtless regarded as a model in those days.
The old house was far from the center of population, and to avoid
any difficulty about location, Esquire Chatburne and Captain Rogers
of Berwick, with Dr. Thompson of Durham, were chosen a commit-
tee to " perfix a place " where the house should be erected. The
work was scarcely begun when it was interrupted by the war, and
the crazy old building on the hill continued to be the capitol of the
town, where the peace of the Gospel was preached on the Sabbath,
and the war of Independence was discussed on week days. Associ-
ated so intimately as it had been with the history of Rochester as a
royal township, it was fitting, perhaps, that it should remain an
emblem of decaying despotism, until its place could be supplied
by an edifice which should be a worthy representative of free
government.

Mr. Haven's philippic at last roused the people to action. The
building of the new house, — the present Congregational Church, —
was commenced in 1780. The building committee consisted of
Jabez Dame, Col. John McDufiee, and Capt John Brewster. The
committee who were to " perfix the place " selected the common
below the present village. The land belonged to Mr. James Horn,

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 101

and the town gave liim in exchange a part of the planned ten-rod
road adjacent. So much of the okl house was to he used as would
he profitahle, and tax-payers were allowed to pay in labor or mate-
rial at the market price. The upper parish, contrary to the original
plan, was exempted from all tax for this house. The currency was
now at its greatest depreciation, so that ten thousand pounds were
voted for the material and for framing the building, and twentv-five
dollars a day wages for the workmen. Eleven hundred and fifty-
seven days' labor were expended in getting out and raising the
frame, and the committee bought for the raising, thirty-four gallons
of rum, eleven pounds of sugar, one barrel of cider, two and one
half bushels of meal, thirty-eight pounds of salt pork, one hundred
and sixty-eight pounds of veal, one bushel of peas, one peck of
beans, nine pounds of butter, and two bushels of potatoes.

What a raising ! Imagination only can picture the scene. Xo
record nor even tradition has preserved the doings of that eventful
day ; nor with the most minute knowledge of particulars could any
description do justice to such an occasion.

As soon as the frame was raised, the pew privileges were sold at
auction to get means to continue the work. A plan for the pews,
presented by Jabez Dame, was adopted by the town. Purchasers
were to build their own pews. N^one were allowed to purchase
except those concerned in building the house. "All pews of the same
denomination to be built in a similar manner." One fourth of the
price was to be paid on demand, and eight months was allowed for
the payment of the remainder. One half of each installment was to
be paid in good merchantable white-pine boards, and the other half
in current passable money. As the value of currency was con-
stantly changing, the actual amount of money to be paid was to be
estimated by comj)aring the market price of white-pine boards at
the time of payment, with that at the time of the auction. The
house was at length completed, and the seat of government, of reli-
gion, of fashion, and of trade was lost to Rochester Hill and
descended to iSTorway Plains.

The town was now territorially divided into two parishes, but as
yet no division of the church or society seems to have been made.
By an arrangement voted by the town, Mr. Haven continued for
many years to preach in the upper parish a certain number of Sab-
baths every year, in proportion to the taxes paid by that part of the
town for his support.

102 ROCHESTER.

Hitherto we find no record of a refusal to pay the tax for the sup-
port of the minister. Its lawfuhiess and propriety seem to have
been unquestioned. In 1780, however, John Jenness, Joseph and
Solomon Drown, and Elijah Varney were arrested and imprisoned
for refusing to pay their ministerial taxes. Joseph Drown brought
an action for trespass against the town, and succeeded in recovering
execution. The town then appointed a committee to examine the
other cases and report, special care being taken that none of their
personal friends should be on the committee. In accordance with
their report, the town settled Avith the complainants by paj'ing the
charges of their imprisonment and abating the obnoxious tax.

This marks the beginning of the struggle by which, during Mr.
Haven's ministry, the quasi-connection hitherto maintained between
Church and State was entirely abolished. The ferment of the Rev-
olution extended to religious aflairs. Freed from the odious tax by
a foreign power men began to chafe under taxation for the support
of a ministr}' whose instructions they disbelieved or disregarded.
But not yet for many years was the 3-oke thrown oiF. Still towns
were authorized by law to tax all the citizens for the maintenance
of a gospel ministry. And these taxes could be collected by process
of law in the same way as any others.

In 1791 the town voted that accounts which particularly belonged
to the Congregational Society should be kept separate from other
accounts which concerned the town at large. June 3, 1799, the town
instructed the Selectmen to petition for a charter for the Congrega-
tional Society for " the purpose of incorporating the Society by the
name of First Parish, that they may have power to transact all
necessary parish business separate from the town." The petition
was accordingly presented, signed by Richard Dame, Beard Plumer,
and Joshua Allen, the selectmen of that year. But nothing seems
to have come of it. At least, no record has been found of any legis-
lative action upon this petition. The Congregational Society, how-
ever, seems to have maintained an existence separate from the town.
In Rochester, as in many other towns, the lands set apart for the
support of the minister occasioned more or less difficult}^ Mr.
Haven, who was by no means quarrelsome or avaricious, brought a
suit against the town in 1814, for trespass on the Parsonage Lot.
March 27, 1815, the town appointed X. Upham, M. Hale, and Jacob
McDuffee to confer with Mr. Haven in regard to his claim. They

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 103

reported a proposal from Mr. Haven dated May 11, oiferingto relin-
quish his salary and all due him to the 29th inst., on condition of
receiving §1,500 in money or acceptable notes, with exemption from
all taxes, also to relinc[uish the parsonage lots after the following
March, provided they should be leased only to hire a preacher " of
good moral and religious character and approved abilities." The
town refused to accept this oifer, and he appears to have received
his regular salary till 1819, when the act of the legislature fully
divorced church affairs from the control of the town. At the next
annual meeting in 1820, an article to see if the town would vote to
raise a salary for Mr. Haven was dismissed. Both Mr. Haven and
the town seem to have considered the contract between them still in
force, for in April, 1822, Mr. Haven stated that he had long since
expressed his willingness to release so much of the contract as re-
lated to his "yearly salary of 80£ of the late lawful money to com-
mence jSTov. 19, 1819," but with the condition that this should in no
other way affect his contract with the town. This ofier was accepted
by vote of the town. In October, 1824, Mr. Haven proposed to the
Congregational Society to relinquish " the parsonages " into their
hands, they to pay him $25 quarterly for " the second division par-
sonage lot," and he to quitclaim the "main road parsonage lot."
The Society accepted this proposition and voted to sell the same
"by quitclaim in lots with good security, interest annually, and pro-
ceeds to be invested for a permanent fund for benefit of the society."
Very naturally, the town, or rather the voters supporting other
denominations, did not permit "the parsonages" thus to lapse into
the possession of the Congregational Society without claiming their
share. The Selectmen having refused when requested, to call a
town meeting to consider this subject, a petition was duly presented
to J. H. Woodman, Justice of Peace, and a meeting called by him
was held Feb. 19, 1825, to see " what method the town would take
to preserve its right in the parsonage lots." A Committee of one
from each religious society was appointed to consider the matter and
report at an adjourned meeting. The Committee were representa-
tive and leading men in their several Societies: — David Barker, Jr.,
Congregationalist ; Charles G. Dennett, Methodist; Joseph Cross,
Universalist ; Jonathan Dame, Friend ; Meshach Eobinson, Baptist.
They reported unanimously, that the parsonage property was designed
for religious uses, and recommended that the Selectmen and their

104 ROCHESTER.

successors in office should be trustees of the fund derived from said
property, and report annually to the town its condition ; also that
the incomes from this fund —

" be distributed annually among the different religious societies which are or
shall be recognized as religious societies, according to the taxable polls and estates
of the several members of the said societies at the time of taking the inventory
in said town, and those persons who do not belong to either of said societies shall
designate at the taking of the inventory in each year, to which of said religious
societies their proportion shall be paid, and if any person shall refuse or neglect
to designate to which society shall be paid his proportion of said mcome, it shall
be distributed among the said several societies, according to the polls and estates
of the members composing each."

They recommended also that the sales of the property which had
been made be confirmed by the town and that the selectmen receive
of the Congregational Society their transfer of the notes, mortga-
ges, deeds, and moneys arising from said sales, excej)ting so much
as had been paid to the Rev. Joseph Haven for his acquittance, and
the necessary expenses of the sales. This report was adopted, and
the Selectmen were subsequently instructed to give quitclaim deeds
to previous purchases of parsonage lands, if desired. The Congre-
gational Society voted a committee to transfer the parsonage funds
to the town, and also to confer with the other societies about divid-
ins: the same. The lands in some instances came back to the hands
of the town, from the failure of the purchasers to pay or from other
causes, so that it was several years before the lots were entirely dis-
posed of. In 1827 two lots are mentioned as " bid off" by Isaac
Pearl. In 1830 the Selectmen were a committee " to sell or let the
parsonage land which has reverted to the town ; " and the year
followino; it was —

" Yoted to sell that part of the parsonage land that was formerly Daniel Hus-
sey's, and that trustees receive proposals for sale of other parts of parsonage land
of which they have taken possession and report."

With the disposal of the parsonage funds the whole connection of
town and church aiiairs ceased. And this was nearly coincident
with the closing of ^Ir. Haven's ministry.

'No history of Rochester could be regarded as approximately
complete without a prominent record of the life and services of the
Rev. Joseph Haven. He was for many years the only religious
instructor of the people of Rochester, Farmington, and Milton, and
his pastorate was more than double the length of that of any other

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 105

minister here. It should also be noted that his ministry extended
over the most important periods of the town's history. The Revolu-
tion, the adoption of the Constitution, and the inauguration of both
State and National Governments, the transition from a Monarchy to
a Republic, the War of 1812-15, the separation of church from civil
authorities, all occurred during his ministry. Xor was he by any
means a silent looker-on, but as became his position he was a leader
of public thought and sentiment, not hesitating to speak his opinions
plainly and forcibly on all public questions. His father was a shoe-
maker in Hopkinton, Mass., and afterwards in that part of Dedham
which is now Dover, Mass., where he was deacon of the Congrega-
tional Church.

Joseph Havex was born in Hopkinton, Mass., May, 1747, and
graduated at Harvard University in 1774. He studied theology
. with a clergyman of his own name in Dedham. As already seen he
was ordained at Rochester, Jan. 10, 1776. For forty-nine years
excepting when prevented by sickness or the infirmities of age he
continued to preach the gospel, having the assistance of a colleague
the last two years.

Though the settlement of Mr. Haven gave general satisfaction to
all parties, yet the troubles and dissensions which had been so long
rife did not at once cease. Mr, Haven sometimes alluded to them
publicl}', endeavoring thus to bring to a sense of shame those who
would not harmonize together in the social meetings. He was sev-
eral times on the point of leaving, and would have gone but for his
sympathy for their sad condition. After a time the parish became
harmonious and prosperous.

It is difficult, in these days of multiplied churches of almost end-
less variety, to realize the grief and anxiety with which the pastors of
old time saw the new isms creeping into and dividing their parishes
which had been co-extensive with the town. It is easy for scoffers
to say that their salaries were in danger, and hence sprang their ear-
nestness. But although these ministers like all others were human,
the charge is on the whole grossly unjust. The anxiet}' of such a
man as Mr. Haven arose far more from an earnest love of his people
than from any self-interest. He sincerely believed that the practices
and teachings of these various denominations were on the whole
dangerous to their spiritual welfare. As a faithful watchman it was
his duty to warn the flock. This he did faithfully.

106 ROCHESTER.

The Quakers or Friends were the earliest on the ground, and
though not many of his people were drawn after them, save from
curiosity, yet he admonished them very plainly against even occa-
sional attendance. The following is from a sermon preached March
29, 1778 : —

" John 4 : 23. But y* hour cometh & now is, when y« true worshippers shall
worship y*' father in spirit & truth: for y*" father seeketh such to worship him.

. . . This is a text often abused, being bro't to prove y' God does not now
. . require or regard external worship but y' of y'^ spirit only. . . . To affirm,
as some do, that y*' worship of God under y* gosj^el should be purely spiritual,
without there being anything external required, is not only contrary to y*^ practice
& experience of y" Xtian religion in all ages, but to y'' ordinances of y*^ Gospel

itself If baptism was only spiritual, why was water used in y* days of

X & his apostles, as it is evident beyond contradiction it was? If it be said y*
spirit is meant by water, it may be ansr'd that can no ways be y"= case at all times.
. . . . And so it is of y^ sacrament of y*^ Lord's supper; that of giving & receiv-
ing bread & wine; for it will be very difficult to tell how this can be made only
spiritual: for when do we find y'' spirit compared to bread or wine? Or how can
we break y*^ spirit as bread is broken ? . . . It is plain y' in y<^ apostolic age,
y^ outward ordinance of y** sacrament was practiced ; y" how can any pretend that
this & baptism are only spiritually performed? ... I would not have you
think I am pleading for external performances as tho' they were in y'' least meri-
torious; no, nor yet that they will avail anything without y*^ spirit. . . . But
why do I plead that there must be external duties, seeing there are none who deny
it? I say none; for if any pretend it, even they are more formal than any others
& seem to depend more upon their forms. . . . The prophet asks this ques-
tion, "What doth y* L'd require of thee but to do justly, & to love mercy, & to walk
humbly with thy God? Now are not all these things external in some measure at
least? But w' is it to walk humbly with God? Is it not to pay a strict & reveren-
tial regard to all his commands & ordinances ? There can nothing savour more of
pride than to set up a way of worship not appointed in God's word: it is prefering
our wisdom to y' of God ; tliere is nothing of humility in it, nor can there be a
walking wdth God. ... It is y*^ spirit of God, that makes any worship truely
acceptable, & not our renouncing outward ordinances, & pretending to have our
worship in spirit only. This sort of worship is no more likely to be spiritual than
any other. . . .' Where worship is purely spiritual in y*' manner some pre-
tend, w' isy*^ preached word good for? Where any pretend to worship in a social
manner, & yet there is no appearance of worship, how can it be in spirit & truth?
And how is it profitable for any to attend with such people? Is a sabbath spent
well where there is nothing either to edify or instruct ? . , . Where any meet
& y« whole time is spent in silence, & there is nothing to keep one's tho'ts from
roving, & being upon vanity, would it not be better to worship in private; or in
private to be studying God's word, or some pious author ? Is it a proper time for
any to attend such meetings out of a vain curiosity ? I mention these things be-
cause there are some who attend meeting where they expect nothing profitable; I
mean attend at some particular times. Is it right for us to assemble where there
is no marks of the father's being worshipped in spirit & truth, or where y* ordi-
nances are not only neglected but denyed ? I say, is it right upon y'' L'd's day,
w'^'^ should be spent in his worship ? Did the primitive Xtians assemble to be
silent? Did they deny y^ ordinances? Was not water baptism practised in y«
days of X & his apostles ? And did not X appoint y*^ ordinance of y*' supper, break
bread & give to his disciples, & also pour out wine for 'em to drink, & at y'^ same
time command 'em to do that in remembrance of him? . , . Let me warn
all not to forsake w' they know to be y^ worship of God. It is of importance that

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 107

we be in y*= right way ; therefore let us not be led out of y^ way by those whom we
have cause to look upon with pity, as they must be strangely ignorant or blind or
they could not so far forsake y^ worship of God."

About 1806 Methodism was introduced and in a few years created
a great excitement drawing away many from the old church. People
of the present day have very little idea of the excesses in language
and methods then employed. ITo description can adequately por-
tray the scenes which our fathers beheld. Mr. Haven did not fail
to speak his niind plainly. In fact, he was forced to speak in self-
defense, as the new-comers openly attacked the church, and the
record of his ministry, in unsparing terms. The following is from
the closing discourse of a series on the last petition of the Lord's
Prayer. It was preached Jan. 10, 1810.

" Math. 6: part of 13th Yerse. 'Deliver us from evil.' 1^' The evil of sinning.
2"^ The evil of suffering." Under the first head, among other sins are named : — "a
pretended heated zeal in religion with or without knowledge. Dishonesty in reli-
gious pretences; & pride & ostentation in religious worship, as tho' we were y"
only holy people on earth, & best favorites with heaven; assuming y'' judgment
seat in order to pass hasty sentence upon those we suppose good or bad; — con-
demning all as heretics but oui-selves, as tho' there was no true religion till ours
came in fashion ; pretended dreams & visions to deceive ; — Dying for y<^ sins of
others; pretending to raise y^ dead; whether really or fictitiously dead; — Pre-
tended secret prayer, when y'' design is to be heard & applauded of men: — &
superstition of ill founded enthusiasm."

Among various items under the second head, he considered : —
"what we may suffer by divisions & strife in families, in neighborhoods; in,
Towns; in States, societies or nations. There may be divisions from religious
political or other views, or they may be merely accidental. Divisions have ever
been common in y*' O 5 but y'= first was a religious one, when Cain rose up &
slew his brother Abel ; & for no other reason than worshipping G'd in y^ most
rational & approved way, when Cain, no doubt by an innovation expected to
receive y'= divine approbation & reward. — A false worship was always y* most apt
to inflame y® passions of mankind, & to be attended with y'' most heat and zeal:
this I could easily point out from history, sacred & prophane. Where divisions
are made, it has been common to call it a reformation, let y*^ sect be w' it may; &
all have been certain they were right, had G'd on their side & y' he helped in car-
rying on y<= mighty work ; & y'' last sects always affect to be y^ best & only right
ones. But aged people can witness in some measure, how many towns have had
these reformations, & their consequences; seldom have they been of any lasting
benefit, but have laid a foundation for irreligion ; a multiplicity of opinions, lasting-
confusion, & long divisions. The very remarkable reformation as some call it w*^'^
has taken place in this Town, as well as in other places, lately, is matter of wonder
& surprise to many, but mostly to y"^ young who have seen no such thing before.
The effects have been good in some things. It has been the cause of introducing
family religion into some houses, & at least to check prophane swearing with a
number. And if it be a benefit; it has y'^ appearance of uniting y^ converts in y^
strongest bonds of friendship ; but to cause 'em to stand aloof from others, as tho'
their evil habits were dangerous and their morals pernicious. If apparent zeal is
a proof they are right ; if boasting of their great success, in their instructors ; if of

108 ROCHESTER.

their humility & love ; & if a multiplicity of meetings, of forms & ceremonies ; of
prayers; of dreams; of religious spasms are evidences in their favor, they have all
these. And if it is a proof in their favor, y' they are liberal in censuring others;
if in saying there has been no reformation here for more than thirty years, the
palm is yielded to 'em. "Whether they shew any pride, spiritual, or of any other
kind, let others judge. But as to a reformation in y« space of time mentioned, the
wisest & best have observed there has been one of consequence. That there has
been much less of dissipation; of intemperance; of fornication, w"^'* has become
apparent; of idleness; of gambling & of some other vices, w'^'^ have too much pre-
vailed. This is a reformation w*^'* y*' wise are ever pleased with, as a tree is known
by its fruits, & not by y'= fairness of its leaves. But as to religious zeal, none pre-
tend but it has been too cold, & now it may have got to y^ other extream with
some, & may end in all y^ vices we have mentioned ; w'='' may G'd prevent, & cause
all to turn out well.

It is more thau 34 years since I have been with this people; I have feelingly
taken part in all your joys & sorrows; no favor has been bestowed, but I have
wished gi-atefully to remember, & thankfully to acknowledge. I think I have not
sought yours, but you. To promote your temporal & spiritual interest; I have
endeavored to visit' y'^ afflicted & to pour y" oil of consolation into y'^ wounded
heart. Yet I boast of nothing ; w' I say is only in self defence at this period of
triah But I must in justice to many, notice their increased kindness, when it
appears most necessary. I dread y'^ future consequences of y*^ present divisions, to
y"^ town, when motives w"^*' may now be only suspected will be more fully devel-
oped. That there are a number sincere in their professions, none will doubt, tho'
they may [fail] of correct information in y'= true principles of our pure, holy &
rational religion ; yet let all endeavor to cultivate charity as far as reason & re-
ligion will authorize."

One who understands the condition of aflkirs can but feel that Mr.
Haven was very moderate in his language concerning those who
were so actively endeavoring not merely to build up a new sect, but
seemed to be even more zealous to tear down and destroy " the
standing order." And yet this movement was doubtless on the
Avhole for good. The new sect was called out by Providence just
when it was demanded by the general religious deadness of the
times. Possessing what has been called " the enthusiasm of hu-
manity," the great essential of practical religion, it grew rapidly and
became prosperous. Its follies — and like all great reformatory
orders and sects, in its beginnings it had its share — were corrected
by time, its errors were rapidly outgrown, and when the law was
repealed which taxed the people to sustain one denomination, Meth-
odism began rapidly to absorb the religious population.

The Baptist Society soon followed, also drawing off large num-
bers, so that toward the close of his ministry Mr. Haven surrounded
by new and vigorous sects, and involved in controversy with the
town concerning the parsonage property, found his meeting-house
gro^ving empty of hearers. He was now too old to create any coun-
ter sensation, or arouse any fresh enthusiasm. He was never elo-

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 109

quent of speech, and now seemed dull to the younger people.
Younger preachers had come in, — not so intelligent, not so edu-
cated, not so talented perhaps, — but more zealous, more attractive,
and representing ideas considered more progressive and answering
a growing demand in the community.

Many good qualities combined to render Mr. Haven a popular
man ; but that which particularly predominated was his social and
genial spirit, — his inexhaustible humor. The society of those per-
sons is apt to be most courted, who are able to bring to the dinner
or tea table the best supply of fresh and racy anecdotes. When the
more sober and substantial virtues have long been forgotten, witti-
cisms will not cease their rounds. A good story is remembered
longer than a good sermon. A hearty laugh is better appreciated
than money or wisdom, for there are more who share in its enjoy-
ment. Few of the humorous saj'ings of Mr. Haven will bear record-
ing, their pith consisted so largely in the peculiar quaintness of his
manner. The following will answer as illustrations.

Walking in his garden with a friend to whom he was showing the
varieties of fruit which he cultivated, they came to a tree laden with
apples fair and inviting to the eye. Mr. Haven picking one of the
finest handed it to his friend, saying, " There, I recommend you to
try that apple." With expectations excited and mouth watering,
the friend took a generous bite. Instead of the rich, juicy flavor he
expected, he found only astringent bitterness. As he was recover-
ing from the eft'ect, Mr. Haven looked good-humoredly into his
puckered face and said, " They need recommending clonH they? "

Measuring some land one day, he carried one end of the chain
while a young man of his acquaintance carried the other. Just as
they were drawing the chain tight, the young man quoted the old
adage, " The Devil can go only the length of his chain." " Pull,
pull," instantly replied Mr. Haven, " and we will see." Such things
were not studied, but were the spontaneous outflow of a healthful
spirit of humor.

The genuineness of the following story is not vouched for, but it
has often been related of Mr. Haven and is probably true, though it
is not likely the device was original with him, as it is one of those
old stories that are ascribed to many different sources. One of the
boys had been guilty of a grave misdemeanor, and it was difficult to
ascertain which was the guilty party. But Mr, Haven assured them

110 ROCHESTER.

that he knew of a way to discover the truth. Accordingly he caught
the old crower and put him under the brass kettle in a darkened
room. Each boy was then required to go into the room alone and
touch the kettle with his linger, with the assurance that when the
guilty boy touched it the rooster would certainly crow. One after
another passed in and returned with trembling, but no crowing was
heard, and they began to think the test had failed, and that the pen-
alty would be escaped. But not so easily. Mr. Haven said he was
certain the guilty boy had not touched the kettle, for the old crower
had always told the truth. So he required them to hold up their
hands, and sure enough, one and one only had clean fingers. Of
course this was the culprit, whose fears kept him from touching the
kettle lest his guilt should be discovered.

Often were the younger members of the family where Mr. Haven
visited, astounded to observe him leave off abruptly in the middle of
some story, — perhaps a witch story more laughable than refined, —
to ask a blessing over the tea-table, resuming the story so suddenly
that the thread of the narrative remained unbroken.

We are liable to misunderstand the true character of such a man.
The reputation of being an excellent joker or story teller, or even of
being fond of lively and mirthful company, is not considered the
most desirable for a clergyman. Where there is such an irrepressi-
ble vein of humor exhibiting itself on all occasions, a deeper vein of
religious sentiment may escape our attention. Not these lighter
traits surely, but tar nobler qualities made up the character of this
excellent man. Xot only by nature but on principle, Mr. Haven
was affable and cheerful. He regarded cheerfulness as a Christian
duty. In his severest trials and afflictions, of which he had a large
share, he exhibited extraordinary calmness and cheerfulness.

He was a man of great wisdom and shrewd common sense, which
enabled him to manage all sorts of people with peculiar success.
Much superstition was prevalent in his day, and he was specially
fitted to expose its absurdities, by both ridicule and reason. People
then generally believed that witches had power to torment and
injure the souls and bodies of those who offended them. Many
believed that departed spirits had no better employment than to
return to the earth to vex and frighten terrified mortals. From his
house on the common, Mr. Haven could frequently see not only
youths and maidens, but men venerable with years and reputation,

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. Ill

making a wide circuit by the meeting-house to avoid passing the
house of old Jenny Cook. Many foolish stories were afloat concern-
ing her power for evil. It was said that Col. McDuffee had prom-
ised her, if she would let her husband go to the army in the Revo-
lution, and he should be killed, he would marry her himself. When
her husband fell in battle the Colonel refused to fulfill his promise.
So the story went that she bewitched his horse till it became neces-
sary to cut off the horse's tail and burn it to drive out the witch,
and that as the tail ascended the chimney it actually took off the
bricks. Such stories and many like it were continuall}^ circulating
and widely believed. Mr. Haven was well skilled in meeting such
superstitions. When some ignorant sufferer from an overloaded
stomach would tell how the witches rode him off b}^ night and
hitched him in the woods to stand till near morning, and then rode
him back, Mr. Haven would suggest some odd and original plan to
discover where the witches had their hitching-post, — some plan
always sure both to cure the patient and afford the community a
deal of fun over a good story.

When Mr. Haven lived in the parsonage on the hill close by the
graveyard, he often heard the clattering hoofs go by in the night as
if Tarn O'Shanter himself were on the road, and more than once
stopped the frightened traveler and led him back to the graveyard
to convince him that the ghost which had terrified him was only a
white rock on the wall with a bush waving behind it. Mr. Piper of
Wakefield once requested an exchange with Mr. Haven in order
that he might exorcise an evil spirit in a bewitched family of his
parish. Always ready to do what he could to relieve the suffering
Mr. Haven accepted the invitation. He found one of the daughters
and a vagrant girl living in the family, so badly bewitched that the
touch of silver or the proximity of a Bible would throw them into
fearful paroxysms. The daughter was confined to her bed, and
without exciting her suspicions Mr. Haven managed to rub one of
his silver knee buckles against her hand. It produced no paroxysm,
neither did the Bible which he always carried in his pocket cause
her any distress. He thus exposed to the family the folly and wick-
edness of the imposition, and then advised the father to send away
the vagrant girl who had so effectually duped them all.

Mr. Haven was a man of great benevolence of feeling. It was a
common saying that he was a friend of the sick and the poor. JSTo

112 ROCHESTER.

one could long be confined to the sick bed before he learned it, and
his presence with his kind and enlivening voice was often better
than medicine, indeed his long experience had given him an un-
derstanding of human ailments equal to that of most physicians.
He thus secured a general attachment and regard, and aged people,
at his death, recalled his kind attentions with heartfelt gratitude
and warm afiection. His labors and perseverance, his love for
his people, and his zeal for his work among them were constant
and unwearied. We thus see that his affability of manner sprang
from his heart, — the source of all true politeness. He never passed
even a boy or girl on the street without bowing and raising his
hat, a compliment sure to be acknowledged by bow or courtesy
in return. It was said that he had worn a hole through his three-
cornered continental by these frequent salutations.

Few men devoted more time to reading and study, or investi-
gated important questions more thoroughly than Mr. Haven. He
seldom came into the house without taking a book or paper to
read before he sat down. Literary in his own tastes he desired
to help others in the same direction, and it was largely through
his efforts that the Social Library Association was formed and
achieved its lasting success.

He was a man of great native independence of mind and thought.
On almost every subject he had an opinion, not received from the
authority of others, but formed by his own investigation. He
thought for himself, and did not hesitate to avow his conclusions.
His independence was not narrow and bigoted, the result of igno-
rance, but was broad and enlightened, because it was founded on
a basis of intelligent information on almost every subject. To
have acted the hypocrite by denying or concealing his convictions,
in order to secure public or private favor, would have been impos-
sible to the nature which God o-ave him.

Though well versed in theological lore, he took little pleasure
in doctrinal discussions. " Foolish and unlearned questions he
avoided, knowing these do gender strifes, and as a servant of the
Lord he sought rather to be gentle unto all men, apt to teach,
patient, in meekness instructing." Unlike many clergymen of his
day he avoided " dark and metaphysical disputes" about questions
of election and predestination and the like, which he thought only
served to '• darken counsel by words without knowledge." So he

FIRST CENTURY OF CHURCH HISTORY. 113

preached to his congregation that they should follow righteousness,
faith, charity, peace with them that call on the Lord out of a pure
heart. The extracts already given show that his sermons were
eminently practical, and as plain as the}' were practical. N^one
could misunderstand his meaning. He thus hoped to deliver his
own soul from the curse denounced ao;ainst the careless or un-
faithful watchman. So he rebuked the sins of the people, and
used great plainness of speech in reference to their indi\'idual
offenses. Did some wild fellows rob his orchard or his melon
patch ? They heard the next Sabbath these words from the pulpit :

" What shall I call you ? Shall I call you thieves? This would affront you.
Shall I call you friends ? A thief is hardly worthy to be called so by any, for
he may soon rob him whom he call his friend. I will call you poor deluded
souls. You may think that custom sanctifies theft, and that because it has
become a custom among some • — a pack of low-lived villains — to rob orchards,
vineyards, and the like, that therefore it is no sin."

If the behavior of the boys in church was disorderly, he re-
buked them in this style : —

" I am sorry to tell you my young hearers that some of you have got to such
a pitch of rudeness in this house, that you disturb many in the worship of
God. What if God should now call you out of the world, do you think that
your low cunning, or your pretty wit, as you consider it, could save you? It
is shocking to think what you are, some of you, both in and out of God's house.
And there are some, if they will not take warning which is friendly, will find
to their surprise and shame that the laws will be put in execution against them.
This indecency and rudeness is not confined to young people alone. While
the benediction is pronounced there is too commonly a noise and stir in every
part of the house, but young people in particular are rushing from the house of
God, as though they were rushing from a place of confinement. It is some
time since any fatal, destructive distemper has in general spread among youth.
It is remarkable to see the large number of children and young people there
are among us. It is a most pleasant and delightful sight, when they behave
themselves well. But have you, my young hearers, no cause to fear that God
will soon send some fatal, raging disorder among you that you may be swept
as with the besom of destruction ? "

Mr. Haven's religious experience was deep and thorough. When
about eight years of age, his elder brother reproved him for some
wrong act, reminding him that God would punish such conduct.
His heart revolted at the suggestion, and in the mad impulse of
the moment he exclaimed, " I wish God was dead." But very
quickly he was filled with horror at the thought of his impiety,
and had a distressing view of the sinfulness and misery of his
heart. This anguish of mind never left him till he found relief

114 ROCHESTER.

in the hopes of the gospel through the blood of Christ. In this
early experience sprang up the impulse to lead others to the same
Saviour in whom he had found deliverance from the burden of sin.
He was a man of devout spirit. In the morning, long before
others were astir, he was in the habit of rising for private devo-
tion and study. One who resided several months in his family
says, " I have often seen him by morning candlelight with a large
Bible and commentary before him, poring over their contents."
His last days were peaceful and liappy, giving the most satisfac-
tory evidence of his being a true and sincere Christian. When
asked, a short time before his death, if he felt resigned to the
will of God, " Perfectly resigned " was his answer. And though
very feeble and unable to speak much, he repeated the lines,

" How long, dear Saviour, O how long
Shall that bright hour delay ?
Fly swifter round, ye wheels of time,
And bring the welcome day."

He thus passed peacefully and joyfully to his rest January 27,
1825, and lies buried among the people of his charge. A plain
white stone marks his grave with the following inscription : —

Rev. Joseph Haven

born May 14"» old style 1747,

died Jan. 29, 1825.

CHAPTER VII.

LEADING MEN OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD.

" With moistened eye
We read of faith and purest charity
In statesman, priest, and humble citizen.
O could we copy their mild virtues, then
What joy to live, what blessedness to die !
Methinks their very names shine still and bright.
Apart, — like glowworms on a summer night,
Or lonely tapers when from far they fling
A guiding ray, or seen like stars on high."

Hon. John Plummer.

John Plummer was an active and useful man in our town for
many years before and after as well as throughout the Pevolu-
tion. Interested in public affairs, and possessing a sound judgment
with considerable energy of character, he gained an influence with
the people, so that his opinion was authority on important ques-
tions. His business experience caused him to be elected to many
local oflices. No man in the history of the town has been so
frequently chosen moderator of town meetings. Nearly sixty times
was he elected to this office. He was also selectman for several
years, and seldom was an important committee appointed, of which
he was not a member. At that time few persons had sufficient
education or business experience to qualify them for responsible
offices. The people were almost exclusively engaged in farming,
while the schools affi3rded no such advantages as at the present
day. The education even of the leading men of that time would
be regarded very limited now. Their success depended more upon
native force and good judgment than upon knowledge derived from
books. This fact must not be forgotten in estimating the char-
acter and abilities of men of that generation. Mr. Plummer was
the first magistrate appointed in the town, " and by his remark-
ably conciliatory conduct was able to settle most disputes that

116 ROCHESTER.

came before liim in an amicable manner, and was wortliy to be
called a peacemaker." This expression well illustrates his char-
acter. His benevolent disposition was constantly manifested in
acts of kindness to the poor. By assistance, as well as good advice,
he gained their friendship and esteem. He was well known be-
yond the limits of the town, holding acquaintance with the influ-
ential men of the State. He was a friend of Gov. Wentworth,
who showed his appreciation of his worth by appointing him Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas in 1773. Though perhaps some-
what restrained by this friendship of the British Governor, from
radical opposition to the royal government, yet his loyalty to the
American cause is unquestionable. He was hardy and athletic,
vnihi an iron constitution. Witty and humorous, he was very fond
of company, especially that of the young. After the Revolution,
his house was much frequented by his old companions in arms
who always found a hearty welcome and hospitable entertainment,
and many hours were spent talking over the events of the war.
He was a man of much popularity, for his kind-heartedness made
him beloved by the whole connnunity. l^o person's feelings were
more easily moved in behalf of the poor and distressed, whose
sufferings he was ever ready to relieve. If the corn crop hap-
pened to be cut off, the poor for miles around knew who had a
goodly store left over from which their wants would be freely
supplied. He often pleaded the cause of the poor in court, without
fee or reward, and sometimes volunteered his services in defense
of the unfortunate. In such cases, he was listened to with marked
attention, and seldom failed of success. The town manifested its
confidence by choosing him the first member of the Committee
of Correspondence. He hastened away — a volunteer delegate —
to the Convention at Exeter immediately after the battle of Lex-
ington, and rendered various services to the Committee of Safety
during the war. When an independent State Government was
established in 1776, such reliance was reposed in his patriotism
and integrity, that he was re-appointed to the Judgeship. He
retained this ofiice until his voluntary resignation in 1795, at which
time he was Chief Justice. He was a member of the Constitu-
tional Convention in 1778. As a farmer he was successful, and
was a stock-raiser upon a large scale. His aftairs were managed
with economy and skill, and he acquired large tracts of land which

LEADING MEN OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 117

were inherited by his children. He died 'Npv. 19, 1815. at the
advanced age of ninety-six years.

Of Judge Phimmer's ancestry little is known. His parents
resided at Dover N^eck, from which place he came with several
brothers and settled in Rochester. Descendants of these families
are now quite numerous in this and neighboring towns. Judge
Plummer's natural endowments, benevolent disposition, and patri-
otism, rather than his moral character, gave him position. He
whose duty it is to enforce the laws, ought to set the example
of obedience. But Judge Plummer was no Puritan. The town
treasury received frequent accessions by his numerous fines for
breaking the Sabbath. Even to-day, tradition recounts his noto-
rious amours, the memory of which is preserved as faithfully as
that of his revolutionary services.

Judge Plummer's first wife was Elizabeth, sister of Col. Titcomb
of Dover, a distinguished and gallant officer in the Revolution.
After her death he married Lydia Dennett of Portsmouth. The
following amusing account of his courtship is from " Brewster's
Rambles about Portsmouth " : —

"Like a good housewife in those daj's, when no factories were in operation,
the widow Dennett kept her flock of sheep, and attended to the various pro-
cesses of converting their product into cloth, and her fame extended beyond the
limits of the town. Near the house is a good spring which still flows as of
old. It was a time of wool-washing. Laying aside her widow's weeds, dressed
in a leather apron, a man's broad-brim hat and other apparel to match, she was
washing her wool at the spring, when a stranger on horseback approached and
inquired for the residence of widow Dennett. Xothiiig daunted she pointed to
the house, directing him to the front door, while she stepped round and entered
the back way. He was not long in waiting before the lady of the house in
comely apparel appeared. The gentleman introduced himself as John Plummer
of Rochester. He had heard of her good reputation, said perhaps it was too
soon to come a courting, but would ask the privilege in projDer time of pro-
posing himself to her favorable consideration. In due time Judge Plummer
came again, and they were married. They lived happilj' together many years,
and their gravestones in Rochester record the ages of each at about ninety years.
"Whether he ever inquired who it was he found washing wool at the spring, we
have never been informed."

Lt. Col. John McDuffee.

The parents of Col. John McDJf'uee Avere among those Scotch
families that had been settled in the north of Ireland in the reia^n
of James I, and who emigrated to America to obtain freedom from
Popish laws, and from the rents and tithes with which they were
burdened. This son was born in 1724, soon after their arrival

118 ROCHESTER.

in this country, and the family were among the early settlers of
Rochester.

Col. McDuiFee entered upon military life in the French and
Indian wars. In the Earl of Loudon's Expedition against Crown
Point, he was commissioned a lieutenant in March, 1757, by Gov.
Benning Wentworth. In January following he received a similar
commission in William Stark's company of Rangers, and was au-
thorized to fill up the company in any part of the Colonies. The
soldiers of New Hampshire were so expert in Indian warfare, and
so inured to fatigue and danger, that valuable services were ex-
pected of these rangers. They were raised by express desire of
Lord Loudon, to be employed in winter as well as summer, and
proved so useful in skirmishing and procuring intelligence that
they were kept in service till the close of the war. They sailed
in the expedition to Louisburg and were engaged in the siege of
that city until its surrender. Lieut. McDuffee with his rangers
was employed in scouring the island, making prisoners of the
French, men, women, and children, in accordance with an order
from Gen. Whitraore detaching him for this special service. In
the battle which resulted in the surrender of Quebec he com-
manded a considerable detachment under Gen. "Wolfe. He spent
the following winter in that city, where he became enamored of
a young French lady of aristocratic family, and was very devoted
in his attentions. His addresses were not encouraged by the
parents, however, and the family secretly removed from the city
in order to interrupt the acquaintance. This disappointment was
the reason of his remaining unmarried through life. So says
tradition. After the conquest of Canada he returned home, and
in 1762 was chosen Representative to the Provincial Assembly,
being the first person chosen to this ofiice in Rochester. He was
frequently employed by the government in making surveys of
public works. In 1768, in accordance with an act passed by the
Assembly, he was engaged in laying out a highway from Durham
Falls to Coos. In 1786, on petition of John Stark, the Legislature
appointed a committee, of which Col. McDuffee was one, to run
out the lines of Mason's Patent. Upon the basis of this survey
a settlement was made with the Masonian Proprietors, finally dis-
posing of a question which had been a source of trouble, vexation,
and expense from the first settlement of I^ew Hampshire. On

LEADING MEN OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 119

the approach of the Revokition he took an active part in behalf
of the Colonies, and throughout the war was a zealous and enthu-
siastic friend of independence. In 1774 he was appointed one of
the town Committee of Correspondence, and was delegate to the
first Provincial Congress at Exeter, May, 1775. War had by this
time become unavoidable, and this Congress was principally occu-
pied in devising measures, raising men, and collecting munitions,
for the defense of the Colony. He gave to this object not only
the influence of his voice, but the force of his example, for on
May twentieth, only three days from the opening of the Congress
his name was enrolled as Lieutenant Colonel of the Second Regi-
ment commanded by Col. Enoch Poor. As he was at that time
one of the Selectmen, a town meeting was called to fill his place.
His regiment was not fully organized at the time of the battle at
Bunker Hill, but hearing the cannonading in the morning of that
day, he mounted his horse and left his home in Rochester arriving
at the field of battle the same evening. He remained at Camp
Winter Hill and Cambridge during the siege of Boston, then went
with the troops to New York, and thence up the Hudson to Mount
Independence, where many 'New Hampshire troops were stationed,
and where he filled the office of Brigade Commissary or Pay-
master. As his name occurs frequently in the town records during
the latter part of the war, it appears that he left the army about
the close of the year 1779. He was a representative to the State
Legislature in 1782. He was two years a member of the State
Senate under the new Constitution, occupying the position of
" Senior " Senator by which title the chairman of that body was
then called. He was also for four years a Senator under the
revised Gonstitutiou. His life was mostl}' spent in public service.
He retained his faculties remarkably until a few months before
his death, which occurred Oct. 15, 1817, at the age of ninety-three.
Col. McDuflee was a man of noble form and commanding ap-
pearance, six feet two inches in height, of large frame, yet not
corpulent. With a high sense of honor, he was firm and inde-
pendent in the maintenance of his opinions. When the first pen-
sion act was passed, he was advised to apply for a pension, but
he spurned the suggestion with indignation, saying that it was
sufiicient reward to him to see the object accomplished for which he
had fought. Impetuous in his feelings, he had no patience with

120 ROCHESTER.

any kind of oppression or injustice. His passions were especially
violent against the enemies of his country; and in the last years
of his life he might frequently have been heard muttering impre-
cations against tories and redcoats, for, from being many years
a soldier associating with rough companions, he had acquired so
fixed a habit of profanity that he seemed to be utterly unconscious
of the vice. The " ISTew Hampshire Gazetteer" says, "He was a
man of strong mind and menior}-, of extensive information, and
a sincere friend of his country."

Deacon James Knowles.

James Knoivles was ])orn in Hampton in 1720, and came to
Rochester in 1749. Little can be said of his life, further than to
mention the positions he filled. Frequently moderator of town
meetings, member of nearly every important committee in town
during his active life, Representative to the Old Provincial As-
sembly, when that body was convened for the last time by the
British Governor, delegate to most of the conventions which
fostered the spirit of revolution. Representative for six years to
the new Assembly under the independent State Government,
member of the Constitutional Convention of 1778, and also of the
Convention of 1781, muster-master in the revolution, a magis-
trate of the town, Selectman for several years; — such were
some of the oflices he was called to fill. As servant of the peo-
ple, he spent a large part of his long life in unambitious yet
useful public labor. In the church, taking the ofiice of Deacon
upon the death of Stephen Berry who had honorably filled that
position from the organization of the church till his death in 1762,
he zealously and with religious fidelity discharged its duties for
a space of forty years, until his own death at the beginning of
the present century. To his patriotism were added the virtues
of a calm and peaceful Christian character. He was one of the
pillars of the church, and at the same time was always earnest
in every cause which concerned the welfare of his country. As
large a share of public responsibilities fell to his lot as to that of
any one during this period. He died in 1802, aged eighty-two.
Few are the names that come down to us, around which cluster
so many pleasant and honored associations. In a sermon upon
his death, Mr. Haven says : —

LEADING MEN OF THE KEVOLUTIONAKY PERIOD. 121

" As a friend he was to be trusted ; as a neighbor, benevolent and respected ;
as a magistrate or citizen he was for order and government ; and his general
deportment was that of a sincere Christian, — not ostentatious in his worship,
but steady and firm in his religion. As an officer of the church, he dignified
his office. The church has cause to lament his death, though he died in ven-
erable old age. He lived beloved and died lamented, and we trust his memory
like that of the just, will be sweet."

Dr. James Howe.

Among the patriots of the Revolution the name of James Howe
should not be omitted. His pedigree runs hack to James Howe
who was a freeman at Ipswich, Mass., in 1637. One of his sons
removed to Andover, and afterwards to Methuen, where his son
Deacon James Howe was born in 1695, and died Dec. 22, 1771.
His son James was Deacon with him in the same church. This
Dea. James Jr. was born jSTov. 7, 1723, and died 1805 or 1806.
Pie was married to Jemima Farnham Feb. 6, 1752, and had six
sons, as follows: — Jonathan, James, David, Jacob, Isaac, and
Farnham; all of whom served their country in the Revolution,
from Bunker Hill to the close of the war.

James Howe was born at Methuen, Mass., March 23, 1755, and
died in Rochester Oct. 13, 1807. He married about 1784, Lucy
Fisher of jSTeedham, Mass., a sister of Mrs, Haven. She died in
Boston, Mass., June, 1836. They had eight children, as follows: —
1. Lucy born Sept. 7, 1785, married first Ephraim Dennett of Ports-
mouth who died in 1831. She afterwards married Josiah Vinton,
Esq., of Boston, — no children. 2. James born May 11, 1787,
and died in Boston May 12, 1832. He was a man of much en-
ergy and usefulness. He conducted a large business at Haverhill,
Mass., and afterwards in Boston, in the wholesale dry goods trade
with his brother Hall Jackson Howe. He had three sons and
one daughter, who are highly respected residents of Brooklyn,
l!»[. Y. 3. George is a farmer in l^eedham, Mass., and has four chil-
dren. 4, Hall J, born Feb, 12, 1791, tirst settled as a dry goods
merchant in Portsmouth, where he married Eliza P. Waldron.
He removed to Boston, where he died August, 1849, leaving a large
and highly respectable family. 5 & 6. Willard and Mary died in
infancy. 7. Calvin Whiting born July 13, 1796, retired from
business in 1857, and resides in ]^ew York city. He married
Dec. 1, 1825, Charlotte Atwell. They have three daughters and
one son, who served as surgeon in the Army of the Potomac.

122 ROCHESTER.

8. Fislier born Sept. 3, 1798, was in business at Haverliill, Mass.,
from 1809 till 1820, when he went into company with his brother
in Boston for sixteen years. Subsequently he resided in Brook-
lyn, iS". Y. He married first June 16, 1825, Matilda Saltonstall,
who died in Brooklyn May 21, 1831, leaving one daughter. He
was again married Oct. 1, 1832, to Elizabeth Leavitt, who had
three sons and two daughters. In 1849 he visited Europe and
the East. He wrote occasional sketches of travel which were
gathered into a volume and published.

Dr. James Howe studied medicine with Dr. Bodwell of Methuen,
Mass., and came to Bochester about 1776. His name appears on
the Test Association. He became Surgeon's Mate in Col. Pierce
Long's Regiment, and was one of the sufferers in the Canada
expedition of 1777. He was esteemed as a man and a physician
on account of his great natural talent, and his benevolent disj)o-
sition. His largeness of heart endeared him to the people far and
near. It is related that being called, at one time, to the bedside of
a poor woman, he found the family so destitute of clothing that
he repaired to the barn, took off his shirt which he left for their
use, returning home shirtless to tell the tale of wretchedness he
had been called to meet. He was emphatically a man of good
deeds. For many years they formed his only creed. It was his
ambition tliat his ffood deeds should overbalance his evil ones.
Hence it became a favorite maxim with him to make the rich
pay for doctoring the poor. In his later years, he kept no accounts,
paid nothing, and charged nothing ; but when he needed anything
for his family use, he applied to his rich neighbors. The sound of
a farmer's dinner-horn was sufficient invitation for him to walk
in and take a seat at the table, where he was always welcomed.
Though a man of great eccentricities, and perhaps great failings,
yet " even his failings leaned to virtue's side." His intemperance
scarcely needed an apology in those days when abstinence was
by all regarded a meanness and not a virtue, and his improvi-
dence Avas but too large a generosity. The duties of the medical
profession did not allow much time for other pursuits, yet the
town elected him delegate to the Constitutional Convention ot
1791, and sent him for three years to the Legislature. By the
toils and exposures of his profession, a constitution naturally strong
was early impaired, so that he did not live to great age. IN'ear

LEADING MEN OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 123

tlie close of his life, renouncing his dependence upon good deeds,
he sought a more enduring peace hy reliance upon the merits of a
Saviour, and died in the triumphs of Christian faith.

Pre-eminent among the honorable names of this period is that
of the Rev. Joseph Haven, a full sketch of whom is given in the
chapter on Church history. There are doubtless other names
worthy of special mention. In fact almost every man, save the
few tories of infamous record, was a patriot and a hero in those
days "that tried men's souls." But the personal history of only
a very few can now be obtained. With this short but brilliant
list we must close the record.

CHAPTER VIII.

EARLY SETTLERS : — THEIR HARDSHIPS AND MODE OF LIFE.*

"The ambushed Indian, and the prowling bear: —

Such were the needs that helped his youth to train ; —
Rough culture : — but such trees large fruit may bear,
If but their stocks be of right girth and grain."

Our ancestors were a hardy race whose siift'erings as pioneers
in the wilderness it is difficult for us to realize. At present, emi-
gration proceeds with more system, and when the gold-seeker
drops his pack at some rich lead, the comforts and even luxuries
of life are not long in overtaking him. Flourishing cities exist
to-day where only a few months ago not even the emigrant's
shanty was to be seen. I^ot so in the early days of New England.
When Timothy Roberts moved his family into Rochester in mid-
winter, the prospect must have been cheerless. Not for mines of
gold and silver did he come, but for a home, — a farm which by
hard and diligent labor might afford sustenance to himself and
family. Others followed seeking the same object. The settlement
progressed but slowly for many years. How great the privileges
they had to renounce ! Dearest to them was the preaching of the
Gospel, and though their charter promised them this blessing,
yet more than eight years elapsed before a minister could be sus-
tained, and the numerous petitions to the Assembly praying for
assistance show how difficult was the task even then. For more
than twenty years there was no school. Four years after the
establishment of the church, there was no grist-mill in the town,
although, as the inhabitants themselves state, Indian corn was
their chief support. For several years their crops were cut ofi
by frost and drouth. The people were poor and distressed but
not discouraged. Then what labor was required in subduing the

* This chapter is taken mainly from an address by the author, delivered before the Roch-
ester Social Library Company, in the Congregational Church, Thursday evening, April 4, 1867.
[Editor.]

LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 125

forest, — in breaking up the land, — in making roads! What
exposure in dwelling in cabins, — in the toils of logging and
hunting ! What deprivations of social enjoyments ! What a life
of self-denial and toil ! Scarcely had the war with the wilderness
begun to turn in their favor, when war with the Indians burst
forth calling them to new dangers and exposures. Their mills
built, their farms subdued, their orchards grown, their houses
provided, and the church established, they lived for many years
in constant alarm lest not these only but their own lives also
should suddenly be destroyed. Yet at such a time, by their courage
and discipline, they became a terror to their foes. These trials
developed strong traits of mind, inflexible habits, and iron frames.
The men were distinguished for hardihood, boldness, industry,
and economy. As their circumstances tested all the energies of
their character, so their character was schooled and molded to
combat with circumstances. Their children brought up with
coarse food, coarse clothing, and hard lodging, — trained to the
use of arms and accustomed to danger, were preparing for the
contest of life, — to become themselves pioneers at still more
remote distances in the country. Notwithstanding their hardships
many of these first settlers lived to a great age. Of those who
died between 1776 and 1792, one was over a hundred years old,
two between ninety and one hundred, fourteen between eighty
and ninety, twenty between seventy and eighty, and four between
sixty and seventy. Of those living here in 1792 one was between
ninety and one hundred, nine between eighty and ninety, and five
between seventy and eighty.

The houses or rude cabins of the settlers were usually con-
structed of poles or logs so placed that by means of notches in
the ends, the whole was firmly bound together. Then crevices
or chinks were filled and plastered over with clay or stiff* earth,
mixed with moss or straw. The roof was made of bark or split
boards. Something resembling a chimney or fire-place was built
of stones, within which the fire M^as made upon the ground. A
hole in the roof allowed escape for the superfluous smoke. In
warm weather the smoke was desirable rather than otherwise to
drive away the mosquitoes and other insects with which the woods
abounded. Ovens formed of choice stones well plastered with clay
or earth were built a short distance from the houses. Of course,

126 ROCHESTER.

after saw-mills were erected and better materials could be procured,
these temporary cabins gave place to more substantial houses.

As families began to settle in remote parts of the town the
necessity of making new roads was one of the heaviest burdens.
As their dwellings were widely separated, the roads were long
and the labor of keeping them in passable condition, great. Still,
they complained not, as long as the roads were for their own
people. But when new settlements were formed in the back towns,
especially in i^ew Durham, Watertown (Wolfeborough), and East-
town (Wakeiield), the burden could no longer be silently borne.
Great efforts were made to keep these roads clear through Roch-
ester, then including Farmington and Milton, but in vain. At
one time the town instructed the surveyors to warn men " to lay
out two nights and work three davs " to clear the road to iSTew
Durham. After performing more than five hundred days' work
on this road, the town did not escape indictment. They petitioned
the General Assembly, however, that a tax might be laid on the
proprietors' lands to pay these expenses, representing that there
were no inhabitants for seven or eight miles on this road, " neither
were they in a capacity to take packs and travel sixteen or eigliteen
miles into the country to do so much labor as was needful, while
their families suffered at home." In spite of the opposition of
the non-resident proprietors, the prayer was granted, the lands
taxed, and the inhabitants largely relieved. These days were dark
and gloomy, as the record attests. His Excellency Gov. Went-
worth, to manifest his sympathy and benevolence, made the town
a present of nine pounds, for which the}' passed a vote of thanks.
The heavy tax for new roads continued for many years. When
absent from home, at work on the road, the men often camped
out for days or weeks together, and at inclement seasons of the
year. For shelter at night, they built a hut of poles or bark
with one side open to the air. Wrapping themselves in blankets,
lying with their feet towards a large fire in the center of the hut,
they rested comfortably and rose refreshed for their day's labor.
The roads were of a very primitive order. Little more was done
than to cut away the trees and bushes close to the ground, and
build rough bridges where streams could not be forded. The food
of the workmen was salted pork and beef with Indian corn bread,
and their drink largely spirit. It was their custom to invite

LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 127

passing travelers to drink, expecting some gratuity in return.
Alcoholic drinks were then freely used, especially upon such occa-
sions as funerals, weddings, huskings, raisings, and trials at court.
Watering the jury was well understood h\ those who had much
law business. The farmers early planted orchards, and the apples
were largely made into cider which became their common bever-
age. While the men engaged in these outdoor labors, the women
spun and wove the flax or wool, and attended to the clothing of the
family.

In addition to the afflictions of the husbandman already enumer-
ated, wild animals were numerous for manv vears, and often
pillaged his crops and robbed his sheep-fold. They sometimes
ventured into the most thickly settled parts of the town. Mr-
Main once discovered near his dwellins; a verv lar^e black bear,
which was killed and brought in bv the assistance of his neiofh-
bors. To check the depredations of these animals a bounty of ten
shillings was voted in 1751, to any inhabitant of the town who
should kill a grown bear or wolf, icithin the bounds of the toicn, to
be paid upon his producing the head of the animal with both
ears on. During the first year, bounties were paid, under this
vote, for " bar's heads " to John Place, Daniel Wingate, Matthew
Macafee, Charles Rogers, John Mialles, and Samuel Wingate.
Other bears were killed in years following, and within a short
period bounties were paid for five or more wolves. Besides the
town bounty, the Provincial Assembly allowed a discount upon
the Province tax to every person who killed one of these animals.
Bears were especially destructive to crops of Indian corn. Theu'
mode of operation was to station themselves between two rows,
and with their paws break down the stalks of four contiguous
hills, so that the ears might lie near together, then having devoured
them pass on. Thus, in an incredibly short time, they would lay
waste a whole field of this valuable o-rain. Thev were sometimes
killed by placing loaded guns with lines extending across the field
so that a bear striking against one of them would dischar2:e a
gun and shoot himself. Oftener they were caught in log traps.
Wolves made great havoc among sheep, and were common in ]!^ew
Hampshire long after this period. They were taken in various
Avays ; sometimes by log traps, sometimes by binding fish-hooks
together dipping them into melted tallow till a ball was formed

128 ROCHESTER.

as large as an egg. These balls being scattered near some carcass
were readily devoured bj the animals.

Plenty of deer tested the skill of the hunter. From 1758 to
1764, at the annual meetings for election of town officers, two or
more persons were regularly chosen " to search out who kills
deer contrary to law." A law of the Province prohibited the
killing of these animals at certain seasons of the year, yet deer
were so much sought after, that it was necessary to adopt strin-
gent means to check their wanton destruction. Ichabod Corson
and William McDuiFee constituted this committee for five years.
Rattlesnakes abounded. It is recorded that a number of people
went to mow a meadow in Rochester, but found it so full of these
venomous reptiles, that they set fire to the grass and quit the
place.

Coming down to a later period, let us picture to ourselves the
Rochester of seventy-five years ago. Seventy-five years ! How
long, — how short the time! How long when we think of two
generations passed away ! How long when we think of the changes
which have taken \)]iice within that period ! And yet how short !
How short even the whole period of our town existence I How
few the years since our beautiful village was but a wilderness
untracked save by the Indian and the bear I Only last Christmas,*
was buried in the eastern part of the town, Mrs. Dorothy Tebbetts
aged 101 years, who though she was born and passed her life in
Rochester yet was for ten years a subject of Great Britain. The
years of her life ran back beyond the Revolution, to within thirty
years of the formation of the first church and the settlement of
the first minister, — to within thirteen years of the first school, —
to within twenty years of the horrible massacres here perpetrated
by the Indians, — back to within thirty-seven years of that winter
when the rinffinsi: of the white man's ax was first heard in our
forest. Thus one human life has embraced almost the whole
period of our existence as a town. Returning to the picture of
our village at that time, — let us banish our large woolen and
shoe factories from every part of the town, — our railroads, our
banks, our printing-offices, our post-offices, our daily mails, our
newspapers. The people with few exceptions are farmers. These
exceptions arc a minister to attend the Avounded in spirit, a phy-

* December, 1866.

LIFE OF EAKLY SETTLER^. 129

sician to attend the wounded in body, and a lawyer to attend
those wounded in property or personal rights. In the days of
which we are speaking, Rochester was no insignificant town.
With the exception of Portsmouth its population exceeded that
of any town in the State. A few years later, after losing two
thirds its territory to Farmington and Milton, its population was
about the same as that of Dover, and still maintained its rank as
one of the principal towns. The village of " Xorway Plains," or
" the city " as it was respectfully called by the rural people, con-
tained eighteen or twenty houses, and soon after this at least,
could boast of the only brick building in the county, — an object
of fame and curiosity to the people many miles distant. At a
later period, children were allowed to believe that the houses in
^' the city '" of Rochester were so near tosrether that a man might
walk from roof to roof A view of the appearance and business
of our village as it then was, may not be uninteresting. On the
next page is presented a rough sketch of its buildings and streets
as they were about 1788. Though not a perfect map it may aid
in forming an idea of the appearance of the village at that time.
The bounds and courses of the streets and mill-common are accord-
ing to a survey of the Selectmen in 1785. The location and de-
scription of the buildings are mostly from a memorandum made
by Joseph Hanson, who moved into town in 1788, and made this
record for the information of those who might be interested in
such matters after he was dead. There were then twenty buildiugs
in the village, including two or three unfinished dwellings, a log
house, a clothing-house or fulling-mill, a blacksmith's shop, an
inn, and the meeting-house. Most of the buildings were small
one-stor}' houses. Of these buildings there now remain, the Moses
Hurd house, the Knight house, the Jabez Dame house, and the
Harford house, besides two or three others that have received
additions and alterations so as to be hardlj' recognized. The
Harford house then stood where Feineman's store now is, and the
following incident is told of its removal : As a defaulting Collector,
Paul Harford had caused the town great trouble. When he moved
this building, he left it in the road near its present location, and
arming himself and barricading the building swore he would never
move it out of the street. The militia was called out under Gen.
Furber, but Harford had provided himself with tubs of hot water,

130

ROCHESTER,

Paul Harford s Houso
B RolliDS's House

■ Morris Ellis's House.

.M:iry Place'd House

Tristrani Heard's House Frame

IewK n.m CMC

lo*^'

^<!^'

.Cvo*

J. Cross. ■ ^

NORWAY PLAINS, 1788.

LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 131

with which he kept them at respectful distance till it was all spent,
when he was compelled to sm'render. In the town account for
1789, we find this item : — " Paid Ca[it. Storer for rum when
Harford was put out of his house £1-1-0."

The log house was where is now the corner of Market and
Bridge streets, and served as a connecting link between two periods
of our history'. It stood as a memorial of the hardships of an
earlier generation, while m strong contrast, marking a great ad-
vance in comfort and luxury, could be seen the Knight house, the
building of which had just commenced. The clothing-house,
where the Norway Plains Upper Mill now is, represented the
manufactures of the town ; while the meeting-house and the inn
at the lower end of the villao;e direct our thous^hts to the morals
and social customs of their day. The log house was, of course,
the earliest style of architecture. After the erection of saw-mills,
these gradually gave way to a more finished and comfortable
structure, — a one-story low-posted house, containing but few rooms
and those small. Before the Revolution a two-story house came
into fashion with a double or gambrel roof, like the Louis Mc-
Duffee house, and the Ephraim Whitehouse house on the Xeck
road. Still later appeared hip-roofed dwellings like the Dennett
and Kenney houses. Cottage roofs, piazzas, brackets, etc., distin-
guish the latest style. Thus with a little attention any one can
determine with tolerable accuracy the period to which each house
belongs. An aged citizen says that the first paint he ever saw
upon a house was a gaily colored red and white door in Josiah
Folsom's house, and the first green blinds were on the Joseph
Otis house or some house near by.

The raising of a house frame was in those days an event of
general interest and excitement. As soon as the ridgepole was
fairly in its place, it was customary to celebrate the completion
of the job by a " christening." A bottle of rum was dashed upon
the ridgepole, a name given to the frame, and sometimes a few
verses of doggerel repeated. This frequently fell to a droll and
original character named Thomas Hanscom. The last celebration
of this sort, of which we have any account, was at the raising of
the Methodist meeting-house. This house was built near the spot
where David Barker's house was burned. Only one stanza of
Hanscom's poetry on the occasion is preserved.

132 ROCHESTER.

" The flames were sent by Heaven's command
To jiurifj' this promised land;
Near where the traveler found a bed
This lofty building rears its head."

At the raising of the Woodman mansion, now known as Man-
sion House, April 20, 1799, Hanscom read the following verses : —

" On the twentieth of April, in the year '99
Our frame we got up in a suitable time.
It 's a very fine frame, the flower of the Plain,
The timber substantial and strong;
The stories are high, it is forty feet wide,
And forty-four feet it is long.
Not a long time ago this timber stood in trees,
But the workmen have tried the owner to please,
Got it up at the time without any neglect,
And we hope it will suit in every respect.
As for the owner with his loving mate,
AVe hope they '11 live long at a plentiful rate.
Their frame of itself is a picture to see ;
"When fixed and moved in it, happy may they be.
As they are about their native place to forsake.
May tiiey have cause to rejoice in the bargain they make.
With good neighbors united happy days may they see,
And long live together in prosperity.
So, long may they live, happy may they die.
With every good thing may they always comply;
Many years may they live to enjoy their cage.
And to heaven may they go in an honest old age.
The ' Flower of the Plain ' is the name of the frame,
"We 've had exceeding good luck in raising the same;
May God direct and instruct us in all that is right ;
It 's the last day of the week, and late at night."

Another illustration of this custom occurred about 1812. !N"ehe-
miah Eastman had sold the March house to Josiah Edgerl3^ As
Edgerly proposed to move the house whole, Eastman found that
it must be moved through his garden (the thought of which he
could not endure), or the front poplar trees which he highly prized
must be cut down, or his shed must be torn away. He tried to
buy back the house, but in vain. Of the three evils he chose
that which seemed the least, and decided to tear down the shed.
When the new house was framed, ISTed Chamberline, the poet of
the neighborhood, was called upon for the christening ceremony.
But J^ed unfortunately was drunk. He was brought up, however,
and being allowed to support himself over a brace, began as
follows : —

" As for Nehemiah, he is both lawyer and a squire.
But the moving of his house he did dread,
And, without any discretion, he fell into a passion,
And swore he would tear down his shed."

LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 133

At this stage of the proceedings, Eastman made his appearance
with a green hide in his hand, and quickly put to rout the drunken
poet, and ended the ceremony. It is said that this was the first
house built in this part of the country without being named.

It was the ancient custom to build houses on a north and south
line, which accounts for the fact that so many of the old dwellings
stand corner to the road. This custom had a sensible reason in
the daily convenience of the inmates. Clocks then being too ex-
pensive for general u^, the house was thus made the timekeeper.
Its shadow told the hour of noon, and thus the good housewife
knew when to get her dinner, and when to sound the horn to
call the hands from the field. Clocks were probably introduced
about the time of the Revolution. They were the old-fashioned
English brass clocks extending from floor to ceiling, usually occu-
pying one corner of the room, whence the broad white face with
its long pointers looked gravely down, and the slow and measured
tick admonished the family that their lives were constantly jogging
away. Few families could afibrd them for they were very costly.
Afterwards came a cheaper clock of wood, sold for about $20.
Agents went from house to house insisting on putting them up on
trial till they came again, and when they returned were willing to
take almost anything in payment, and often took the cattle from
the barns. In this manner they were generally introduced and
were soon considered indispensable. In 1807 Edward S. Moulton
commenced the manufacture of clocks here. After some years
he was succeeded by one of his apprentices, James C. Cole. The
clocks were of brass after the English pattern. Mr. Cole carried
on an extensive business cutting the wheels with steel dies. He
employed several journeymen and apprentices, and a cabinet-maker
to prepare the cases. These clocks were carried far into the
country for sale, and attained a wide reputation. It is not un-
common, even in towns far back from Rochester, to find at this
day, these old time-pieces bearing Mr. Cole's name.

In these early times there was no post-ofiice and no mail.
But few newspapers found their way into the town. On March
4, 1768, the following advertisement appeared in the "]N"ew Hamp-
shire Gazette," printed at Portsmouth : —

" Wanted, an honest, sober man who is able to keep two good Horses to
ride as Post or Carrier through the towns of Kittery, Berwick, Somersworth,

134 ROCHESTER.

Kochester, &c., to begin the first of April. Any Person inclining to undertake
this business is desired to apply immediately to the Printers hereof and they
will no doubt meet with Encouragement to their Satisfaction, as a great Num-
ber of People in the above said Towns are very desirous of having the News
Papers in case some Suitable Person constantly rides."

Before the close of the month it was announced that a post-rider
would immediately begin to ride through these towns, by whom
all persons might be supplied with the " New Hampshire Gazette,"
etc., etc., for nine shillings lawful money per annum, carriage in-
cluded, and all who inclined to encoumge so useful a person as
a post-rider were desired to give in their names at the printing-
office. We can easily imagine the appearance of the post-rider
passing from town to town and from inn to inn with his bag of
"■ Gazettes " strapped behind him. The poet has already made us
familiar with his description : —

" He comes, the herald of a noisy world,
With spattered boots, strapped waist, and frozen locks,
News from all nations lumbering at his back.
True to his charge, the close-packed load behind,
Yet careless what he brings, his one concern
Is to conduct it to the destined Inn,
And having dropped the expected bag, pass on.
He whistles as he goes, light-hearted wretch,
Cold and yet cheerful."

In 1792 Josiah Paine advertised to ride Post from the printing-
office in Dover through Rochester, "Wakefield, Wolfeborough, Mid-
dleton, New Durham, and The Gore to Gilmanton, and back
through Barnstead, Barrington, Xorthwood, Lee, and Durham,
once a week.

A post-office was established in Rochester March 26, 1812;
William Barker, innkeeper, being the first postmaster. The
revenue of the office for the first three months was $5.07 ; for
the next six months $7.99, making an average for the first nine
months of not quite a dollar and a half a month. In 1826 the
receipts for one quarter were but |25.76, and the postmaster's
commission was only $8.51| ; yet at this time there were sixty
dwellings in the village, a cotton factory with four carding-ma-
chines doing a large business in dressing country cloth, a scythe
factory with a trip-hammer, besides two potteries and several
stores; and the town was one of the county seats where the
Court of Common Pleas held regular sessions. The annual rev-

LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 135

enue of the office is now (1867) $1,225 ; there heing also two other
post-offices in town. Still the whistling post-boy continued his
rides, and as he entered our village near the common, he com-
menced to blow lustily his tin horn to announce to all the people
the safe arrival of the latest news foreign and domestic. Many
now living remember him. As late even as 1822, there was no
stage except the mail-carrier above described, — then Robert Clark,
familiarly called duck-legs, rode the foUoAving circuit : — starting
from Plymouth on horseback, Sunday evening or Monday morn-
ing, he passed through Center Harbor, Sandwich, Wolfeborough,
Middleton, Farmington, Rochester, Dover, to Portsmouth, thence
returning to Rochester, he took a different route through Milton,
Wakefield, Ossipee, Tamworth, Conway, to Plymouth, where he
arrived in season to commence the same circuit the following week.
In 1825 a two-horse stage was started running twice a week each
way between Dover and Wakefield. The business men of Roch-
ester, Moses Hale, J. H. Woodman, and the Barkers, were con-
cerned in this enterprise. Failing of success the owners, after a
year or two, persuaded Jonathan T. Dodge, who as a stable-boy
had saved a small sum of money, to buy out the line. In 1829
we find him with a partner advertising in the "Dover Gazette" a
stage from Dover to Conwaj^, three days each week, returning
alternate days ; and promising as attractions of the route " a view
of the sublime and interesting scenery of the White Mountains"
and also of " the lead mines of Eaton." Mr. Dodg-e was eno-ao-ed
in this business most of the time till the opening of the railroads.
At the latter part of this period, he had seventy-seven horses and
was running four and six horse coaches daily each wa}^ between
Dover and Ossipee. The stage business had become immense, —
" the great thoroughfares " of travel from northern !N"eAA' Hamp-
shire converging to this village as a focus, — and when the heavily
loaded six-horse coaches arrived- from Wakefield, and from Con-
way, and from Wolfeborough, and from Sandwich, with others
less grand from Farmington, and from Gilmanton, our village
presented a lively, business-like appearance. With the completion
of the railroads to the towns above Rochester, these lively scenes
passed away to return no more.

The transportation of heavy merchandise through this town
was carried on to an extent almost incredible. These streets were

136 ROCHESTEK.

then alive every winter from December to March with long pro-
cessions of single and double pungs and sleighs, from early morn
till late at night. Like caravans in length, an unbroken line
could frequently be seen from half a mile to more than a mile
in extent. They brought produce from Vermont and even from
Canada across the frozen "Winnepisscogee, and passed on through
Rochester to Dover and Portsmouth. There they exchanged their
hogs, butter, and cheese, for iron, salt, rum, and molasses, and
then made their toilsome journey back. The building of the
Concord and Montreal Railroad and the roads through Maine,
has diverted all this business into other channels. But these are
events of comparatively modern date, within the memory of many
people by no means old. Returning to the times of 1785 let us
look within the dwellings. The work of the men was mostly
out of doors. The women prepared food and clothing for the
family. Cotton was bought unginned and the seeds were picked
out by hand, after which it was washed and spun and used with
flax ill making shirts and summer clothing. The cultivation of
flax and the manufacture of linen were universal. It is doubted
if a bushel of flaxseed has been raised in town for many years ;
yet some of our older traders can remember when the chambers
of their stores were fllled with it, and hundreds of bushels were
annually bought and sold. Every flirmer set apart a portion of his
land for flax. It was an indispensable crop, and the manufacture of
oil from the seed became a profital)le business. It was carried on
for many years at Gonic by William Currier, and after him by 'N. V.
Whitehouse. The flax was carefully pulled up by the roots and
stacked in the field till thoroughly dry, when the seed was thrashed
out. It was then soaked in water several days and spread on the
ground to be rotted, frosty nights helping to whiten it. After a
suitable time it was stowed away till spring, when it was brought
out to be dressed by use of the brake, the hatchel, and the sAAangle.
By this means the flax was thoroughly bruised without cutting,
and the tow and coarse woody parts separated from the finer
fibers of true linen. It Avas then combed to comj^lete the separ-
ation and was ready for the wives and daughters to spin and
weave into garments. Woolen garments also were made at home.
The wool was carded into rolls by hand. The first carding-
machine was introduced by Eliphalet Home in 1811. It caused

LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 137

much excitement, and set the old people to shaking their heads
and askinsr what the orirls would have to do now. The business
now carried on by our great factories was then all performed in
the hundreds of homes through the town. Manufacturing in all
its different stages, from the wool on the back of the sheep, and
the flax waving in the field, was conducted at home. There were
made all their garments, not only for every-day wear, but the
go-to-meeting dresses of the women, and the breeches for the men,
even the suits that the minister wore into the pulpit, and Mr.
Upham to Congress, Every house had cards and great wheel
and little wheel, reel and swifts and dye-tub in the kitchen, and
scarn, warping-bars, and loom in chamber or garret, and the women
all understood the art of making cloth.

At a later period, the cloth woven by the women was carried
to the villao-e, and colored and finished at Dame & McDuftee's
fulling-mill, where a large business was carried on, a number of
apprentices and journeymen being constantly employed. Home-
made cloth became a staple article of trade at the stores, and rolls
of cloth finished here often found their way back many miles into
the country. Dame was a popular man. So when the winter
teams came down to break out the roads from Chestnut Hills,
the hands would strike into the growth then standing just at the
upper end of the village, and with their axes quickly load the
sleds with logs which they took to Dame's mill, who in payment
took the bo^'S to the store and gave them what rum they could
drink. Thus bv exchano;e of fuel his fires and their fires were
both well supplied.

After the cloth came home from the fulling-mill, the tailor was
sent for to cut garments for the family. He came with his goose
("whipping the goose" they called his trade), and between his
shears and the busil}' plied needles of the women, the family
were in due time clothed. The boys now felt proud in their new
jackets with brass buttons. No sooner would the tailor be gone
than the shoemaker would be sent for. He came with his tools
tied up in his leather apron, and measured the feet, cut the leather,
and made up the shoes for the household. His business was-
called " whipping the cat." Three shoes were a day's work. At
the earliest period they were sewed, but pegs soon came into use.
Then every shoemaker made his own pegs. From the end of a

138 EOCHESTER.

stick of maple or bircli a piece was carefully sawed of just the
right thickness for the length of the pegs. It was then split into
thin strips, and the edge of each strip shaved to a sharp edge,
after which the pegs were split off singly, all sharpened ready
for use. Machine-made pegs were introduced about 1817-18.
As each family laid in a supply of cloth for the tailor, so each
secured a supply of upper and sole leather for the cordvvainer.
Thus the family were clothed, unless perhaps the men wanted
hats. The hatter did not go round. But any one could be sup-
plied with hats of the latest style, by calling upon Haynes & Ela
at " the Plains," who commenced hatting as early as 1806, and
perhaps earlier.

The long winter evenings of those days have been so often and
so vividly described that imagination easily pictures them like
present realities. We can see the large chimney-place, — almost
large enough for a tenement for a small family, — with its broad
hearth, the back-log of green oak or maple, often requiring two
strong men to bring it to its position, the fore-stick, the top-stick,
the crackling, blazing brushwood. "Whittier has embalmed the
scene in his vivid verse : —

" We piled with care our nightly stack
Of wood against the chimney back;
The oaken log, green, huge, and thick,
And on its top the stout back-stick ;
The knotty fore-stick laid apart ;
And filled between with curious art
The ragged brush ; then, hovering near,
We watched the, first rt'd blaze appear,
Heard the sharp crackle, caught the gleam
On whitewaslied wall and sagging beam.
Until the old, rude-turnished room
Burst flower-like into rosy bloom."

From each side of the chimney-place rose the music of the wheel,
where mother and daughters would vie with each other to see
who could spin the most. Before the first snow fell the boys
would be sure to provide a good cart-load of pitch wood split
from old stumps, which better than candle or kerosene gave light
to the whole household, by which the women saw to work, and
the boys to study their lessons. The younger children were often
amused by the mother's stories, who.

LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 139

" while she turned her wheel,
Or run the new-knit stocking heel,
Told how the Indian hordes came down
At midnight on Cochecho town."

While the mug of cider " between the andirons' straddling feet "
was slowly warming and the apples "sputtering" on the hearth,
the men talked over the day's work, and the morrow's plans, and
drank and talked, and talked and drank, and replenished the mug
from the hogshead in the cellar as often as it was exhausted.
So the evening wore away, till at nine o'clock the family went to
bed. The red log had crumbled to pieces, the men had knocked
the ashes from their pipes, and it onlj^ remained to rake up the
hot coals and cover them over that the fire might keep till morn-
ing; for there were no lucifer matches then, and the flint and
steel and tinder-box were very patience-trying. In summer the
fire would sometimes go out, and one of the boys would be dis-
patched half a mile or more perhaps, with a closely wound linen
rag to borrow fire of a neighbor, or if the distance was short
live coals would be obtained. This helped to keep up an intimacy
between neighbors, and short calls for borrowing fire became
proverbial.

The cooking of those olden times by the huge fire-place it is
not necessary minutely to describe. There were the Indian cakes
tilted upon the fiat irons on the hearth. There was the turkey
suspended by a tow string from a gimlet in the mantel-piece, so
that twisting and untwisting by its own weight it kept revolving
before the fire till all sides were well browned ; or else, as at Mr.
Haven's, transfixed by a long spit which rested on pins in the
andirons, so that a girl, in the middle of the room, turning a long
handled crank kept the meat revolving. Then there were the
potatoes roasted in the ashes, — not bad eating they say. We
can see the girls shaking them back and forth through a long
stocking-leg to clean off the ashes. And there was the hasty-
pudding boiled in the kettle on the crane, and the baked sweet
pumpkins and milk, a delicious dish. Then pea and bean por-
ridge, the great staple of life, the chief article of food morning,
noon, and night. The boys were fond of it, whether it was —

" Pea porridge hot, pea porridge cold,
Or pea porridge in the pot nine days old."

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LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 141

The meetiiig-house then stood upon the common with the front
end toward the road leadino; to Dover over the hill. It was un-
painted and without a steeple or bell. They voted a steeple in
1803, but it was not then built. The following is the action of
the town in reference to a bell : —

Dec. 30, 1822. Voted not to raise money to purchase and hang a bell in belfry
of tlie Meeting House. Sept 1, 1823. Voted to raise 8-175 to purchase and hang
a bell, &c. Sept. 22, 1823, the town voted to reconsider the previous vote and
to dismiss the article.

The bell, however, was added by the Congregational Parish in
1823. March 9, 1824, a ballot was taken to see if the town would
pay for ringing the bell at the meeting-house. There were 121
yeas to 120 nays. At an adjourned meeting the article was dis-
missed. The Congregational Society was accustomed to pay the
expenses of having the bell rung.

Xear by stood the pound, and some years the town chose the
same man pound-keeper and " Saxton," and voted that he should
lock and unlock and sweep the meeting-house in consideration of
his fees as pound-keeper. There was a large gallery extending
round on three sides of the house. The pews were high, square
boxes, while the middle of the house was devoted to free benches.
The plan on the page opposite will give an idea of the ground
floor. The lofty pulpit with its sounding-board was at the center
of the upper side, instead of one end, and looked down the broad
aisle to the main entrance. Furnaces and stoves were unknown,
and the congregation sat and listened to a two-hour service in
the unmitigated cold. Think of this, ye shiverers of to-day, who
sit over warm draughts of air from hot furnaces, and yet are
always complaining of the cold. A stove was not introduced till
near the close of Air. Haven's ministry, and that was procured
more for his comfort than that of the consrregation. Small foot-
stoves of perforated tin or sheet iron containing a pan of live
coals were brought by the old ladies to keep their feet warm. If
they came from a distance, they could fill their pans at some
neighboring house. The old bald-headed men wore flannel caps,
and the deacons occupied a bench directly in front of the pulpit.
Facing the congregation, they presented an imposing and venerable
appearance. It was the custom for the deacon to " line the hymns."

142 ROCHESTER.

Deacon Chamberlin would give fortli the first two lines in a sol-
emn manner : —

"While shepherds watched their flocks by night
AH seated on the ground,"

which the singers would sing after him, when he would continue

" The angel of the Lord came down,
And glory shone around,"

and so on through each hymn. At first, the music was entirely
vocal, but a few instruments were introduced soon after the time
of which we are speaking. The first was the bass-viol bought
by subscription, and played for many years by John Smith, the
blacksmith. Of course such an upsetting of the ways of their
fathers and mothers as a " fiddle " in the church was not suffered
without commotion. Some averred that it made the music sound
like dancing tunes, while others as loudly declared that it was a
great improvement. Afterwards flutes, clarionets, and melodeons
were introduced. The oldest leader of the choir and teacher of
singing now living is Thomas Wentworth.

Throughout the meeting the services are orderly, and the au-
dience generally attentive. But our unaccustomed eyes are startled
to inquire who this man is with a bhick rod, moving quietly
about, now touching gently some snoring or nodding person, and
now punching roughly some mischievous boy. Tbat is the tithing-
man with his badge of ofiSce. An ancient law prescribed that the
tithing-man should have a " black staff two feet in length, tipped
at one end with brass or pewter," to be provided by the select-
men at the town's expense. Tithing-men were regularly chosen
for nearly a hundred years, — from 1737 to 1829. The number
was several times changed by law, varying from one to eleven.
Their duty Avas to prevent Avork or travel or amusements on the
Sabbath, and to preserve order both in and around the meeting-
house during church service and also during intermission. They
were to see that there was no loafing at public houses on the
Lord's day, and to stop all travelers, though in cases of sickness
or errands of mercy justices of the peace could grant permission to
travel. The law required tithing-men to be " of good substance
and sober life." The ofiice finally fell into ridicule and disrepute.

LIFE OF EARLY SETTLERS. 143

The last person who held it was Eben D. Trickey in 1828. The
next year the town voted to dispense with tithing-nien.

In those days there were no wagons for traveling, no chaises,
no carriages. The people came to meeting on horseback or on
foot. But far more than now, it was then esteemed a valuable
privilege to attend meeting. Sunday was the only day when the
people met from all parts of the town. The meeting was a social
institution and the intermission was a favorable opportunity to
make acquaintances, and talk over all the news of the week. There
being but one meeting in town a majority were compelled to
travel long distances. Those who had horses rode horseback, the
wife seated on a pillion behind her husband with arm encircling
his waist. There was a horseblock near the meeting-house to aid
the women in mounting and dismounting, and a long shed oppo-
site for the shelter of the horses. Young persons generally walked.
They thought nothing of walking three or four miles to church,
or even farther. The girls (they were always girls till they got
married) came barefooted, or wearing old shoes and stockings
till they arrived near the meeting-house, when they sat down in
the shade of a tree, or went into some house near by, and drew
on their clean white stockings and new shoes which they had
brought in their hands. On returning home they changed again
at the same place. The boys came barefooted bringing their shoes
to put on in the same manner. An old oak was standing a few
years ago, a little below the village, which was almost revered
b}' the old people as the place where in their youthful days they
were accustomed to make these changes. Chaises were the first
vehicles for traveling. The first in town was owned by Capt.
Benjamin Page. In 1806 Capt. Page, Lawyer Tilton, and Joseph
Hanson, were taxed for chaises. Next year Moses Hale had one.
They had large round windows behind, and were great curiosities,
so that the boys ran after them in the streets. Twelve chaises were
taxed in 1811. At funerals, instead of hearse or wagon, bearers
carried the corpse on a bier to the place of burial, and if the
distance was long, a suflicient number was provided to relieve
each other at intervals.

The Inn situated near the brook was another representative
village institution suggesting a difterent class of thoughts from
fulling-mill or meeting-house. Habits of smoking and drinking

144 ROCHESTER.

were deplorable. People who used tobacco cultivated their own
weed to a considerable extent. Small patches could be seen grow-
ing here and there all over the town. At the stores could be found
tobacco braided or twisted and rolled into immense balls, from
which it was measured off to cnstomers and sold by the yard. One
"William Pigeon carried on the business of tobacconist for a short
time in 1806. iSTo particulars are known, and it is no ground of
regret that he did not succeed. There have been two brandy distil-
leries in this village, which, happily, succeeded no better than the
tobacconist. An Englishman named King lirst carried on the
business a short time, where the factories now are. The other
distiller was Benjamin Tebbetts, and his place of business was
where the Silas Wentworth house stands near the Town Hall. He
was so good a customer to his own still, that the business proved
unprofitable. More facts in regard to the drinking habits of those
daj-s will be given in a subsequent chapter.

If we are candid and thoughtful, we cannot review the lives
of the generations gone before us without being more strongly
impressed with the sense of our own duties. We live not for
ourselves, nor for our own day, but our lives will bestow happiness
or misery upon those who follow to occupy our places. For them
we are preparing institutions; for them we are strengthening the
institutions which our fathers have given to us. From this point
of view, what then are we doing? It is not wealth, it is not
manufactures, it is not keenness in trade, it is not railroads, it is
not development of mere business resources of any kind, that will
make men of our children. These things may make a city where
there is but a village, they may make five-story blocks where
are now humble shops, but unless other and higher objects are
first sought tliey will make only narrow minds and selfish hearts.
Solomon tells us, " By knoidedqe shall the chambers be filled wdth
all pleasant and precious riches."

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CHAPTER IX.

FROM THE EEVOLUTION TO THE REBELLION.

This cliapter is designed to record some of the principal events
aftecting Rochester from 1783 to 1861, which cannot so well be
presented under a more specific heading.

History continually repeats itself. One cannot read the history
of the country during the years immediately following the Revo-
lution, without being impressed wdth the similarity between that
period and the present time (1868), — the distress of the people,
the burden of taxation, the scarcity of money, the depression of
business, the clamor for relief, and the methods proposed. In
fact, if we change the dates, it would be difficult to realize that
we were not reading the history of our own time. During the
war the people had become accustomed to paper currency based
on lauded property as security, — a currency which was legal
tender for all debts. They had seen this currency depreciated till
it became worthless. They had been used to the attempts of
legislators to establish prices under severe penalties. They had
seen an attempt to prohibit auctions, because, it w^as said, they
depreciated the currency, whereas they only showed its real want
of value. They had known Congress issue a circular to be read
in all the churches, declaring that paper uioney was the only
kind of money "which could not take to itself wings and fly
away." Frequent meetings were called to consult on practical
modes of relief. The resumption of specie payments had not
furnished a remedy. In 1781, as if by general consent, the paper
money had suddenly dropped out of circulation, and coin had
succeeded; yet the crisis of suffering seems not to have been
reached till 1786. In that and the preceding year, conferences
of the people were held to devise means of redress. Naturally
the first expedient which suggested itself was to return to paper
money founded on real estate. The cry for paper money was

146 ROCHESTER.

incessant. The " greenbackers " of that clay said that rich spec-
ulators had a monopoly of everything good, while the poor were
distressed for means to pay their debts, and loudly called on the
people to assert their majesty. This clamor for paper money
increased till in every town there was a party in its favor. The
following specimen of their arguments reads as if written by the
" greenbackers " of to-day : —

" Paper money would give a spring to commerce and encourage agriculture,
the poor would be able lo pay their debts and taxes, all arguments against
issuing it are framed by speculators, and are intended to serve the wealthy
part of the community, who have monopolized the public securities that they
may raise their value and get all the good bargains into their own hands. The
people have a right to call on their representatives to slump a value on paper,
or leather, or any other substance capable of receiving an impression, and a law
should be passed to punish with banishment and outlawry every person who
shall attempt by any means to lessen its value."

County conventions in favor of paper money were held. In
this county, the convention was called to meet at Capt. John
Goodwin's, in Rochester, on the 5th day of September, 1786.
The town held a special meeting on the day previous, and voted
to have a paper currency, and chose Capt. John Goodwin, Lieut.
James Adams, and Josiali Folsom, delegates to the convention.
Capt. Goodwin's house was near the house built by the late John
H, Roberts at the lower end of the village.

On the 20th of September, the Legislature at Exeter was sur-
rounded by a body of men formed in military order, armed with
muskets, swords, and clubs, and marching to the music of the
drum. The President tried calmlv to reason with them. But
their drum beat to arms, and the men were ordered to load their
guns with balls. They raised a demand for paper money, for an
equal distribution of property, and a release from debts. They
were finally dispersed by the approach of militia.

To still the clamor, the Legislature prepared a plan for paper
currency, and sent to all the towns for their action. There were
two questions submitted: — whether the Legislature could consti-
tutionally make paper money legal tender, and whether paper
money should be issued on the plan proposed. " In compliance
with a request from the General Court," these questions were
submitted to the town of Rochester at a meeting holden Nov. 20,
1786, and it was

ADOPTION OF CONSTITUTION. 147

"put to vote to see if there should be a paper currency made; and voted in
the affirmative." It was " unanimously voted that the plan for making a paper
currency be submitted to the determination of the General Court at the next
sitting."

By the returns received from all the towns, however, both ques-
tions proposed were decided in the negative, and this seems to
have ended the paper money contest in ISTew Hampshire for that
time.

The following is taken from a Portsmouth paper : —

" Rochester, Feb. 5, 1787. A number of respectable gentlemen having met
at the house of Col. John Goodwin in Rochester, in the County of Strafford
and State of New Hampshire, by adjournment, have unanimously agreed ta
act agreeable to the Constitution of said State, and adjourned said meeting
until the last Monday in February inst., at the house of said Goodwin, at 12
o'clock A. M. precisely, when they request all members chosen by the several
towns in said County to meet at time and place to take into consideration such
things as may be for the benefit of the Community, and they earnestly recom-
mend to those towns in the County which have not sent members (chosen by
legal town meetings) to attend said meeting for the above purpose, to choose
proper persons to attend at time and place."

A sermon preached by Mr. Haven, April 29, 1789, contains
the following words, doubtless referring to the " greenbackers " of
that time : —

" If we take a view of the plots which have been laid against us by designing
men, and how they have been prevented from working our ruin, if not baffled
in their schemes, we shall see great matter of admiration and thankfulness. If
we consider how our streets for a long time have been patrolled by armed men
who have looked upon us as marked out for their prey, and yet how they have
been restrained by the Supreme Ruler (for it is he that hath done it), we may
justly wonder at all his goodness, and bless his name for this instance of his
goodness. I mention these things because they are well worthy of our notice,
and what we should ever truly be thankful for."

The adoption of the Constitution in 1788, was the occasion of
great rejoicing throughout the country. Celebrations were almost
universal. In Eochester, Thursday, Nov. 27, was observed for
this purpose. Parson Haven preached a sermon, from which the
following extract is taken : —

" We have been loaded the past year with temporal blessings. We have enjoyed
peace, — an important blessing, — and a Constitution is adopted which fills the
world with admiration, as we have no account of such an event before. The
most have been forced upon people by a conquering power, but ours has been
collected from the wisdom of the nation, where about three millions have been
represented, and the matter has been debated once and again; no slaughter has
ensued, nor even dangerous divisions. Has there not been an overruling power

148 ROCHESTER.

in this, and are we not now called upon to make our grateful acknowledgments?
This event is important, and a thing before unheard of, and we trust that the
same God who has ever had us under liis fostering care, has also in this. But
some are afraid of tliis Constitution, and suppose it may be an evil. No doubt
it may. for the wisest and best institutions have been sadly perverted, as I liave
observed before, not that I pretend to say that this is to be numbered among
such, for now we do well to try the event, yet with all proper care to have men
of wisdom, religion, and virtue put into posts of trust: if we can only have
such, I dare say we shall be happy. Let our condition be what it will, still
much depends upon us. There is not any power anywhere lodged by this Con-
stitution but originated first from the people, and if we are wise, we shall be
cautious whom we delegate it to. We shall not look out for those to serve
private ends but the jniblic good, nor shall we .let private frit-ndship interfere,
nor private interest bear too much sway. Notwithstanding all the fears and
jealousies which have prevailed, we have a fair prospect of becoming of some
consequence among other nations, and of being happy. If wisdom, virtue, and
integrity, and a public spirit prevail : in short, if we observe the Christian reli-
gion, we shall be a happy, a flourishing, wealthy, and renowned people. But if
we give up ourselves to Vice and folly, to cheating and defrauding, to ground-
less and unreasonable jealousies, to contention and strife, to idleness and extrav-
agance, to intemperance and debauciiery, we shall banish our religion, and become
the most miserable and contemptible people on earth. It is of consequence to us
that we be good. Do we complain of our rulers? When they are chosen by a
free people they must be in a great measure characteristic of the people. This,
perhaps, we do not consider. If we had a real and sincere regard to the
Christian religion, if we were ourselves wise, virtuous, just, and good, we should
seek for such men to represent us. But if we have no regard to Christianity, such
as have none we may most likely think will best .serve our own cause. But I
shall dismiss this and attend to other things."

Scarcely thirty years had elapsed from the close of the Revo-
lution, wlien the United States was confronted with another war
with England. A long series of insolent aggressions on the part
of Great Britain forced us at length to the last extremity of appeal
to arras. Party spirit at this time became very intense. Feder-
alists and Democrats abused each other in the most approved
style of political animosity. The Federalists were strongly opposed
to the war, and denounced the embargo and other acts of the
administration in no measured terms, Rochester at this time had
a strong Democratic majority, and as before and since was ready
to do her part in defense of the country. ISTo extended history
of the war can here be given, nor even many items concerning
the part taken by Rochester. The present sources of information
are very meager. Our town records contain only two items re-
ferring to this war : —

"July 20. 1812. Town voted to give each militia man belonging to this town
who has already been or may hereafter be detached to go into the army under
the present six months establishment the sum of ten dollars per month including
the sum voted by the United States."

>!•

(■

>.(

((

WAK OF 1812-15. 149

" Sep. 29, 1814. Voted to raise SlOO for procnritig arras & ammunition of
war for defense of this and adjacent towns, in the present critical & alarming
times."

The following person.? from Rochester served as soldiers ia
this war : —

Capt. Andrew Pierce's Company.

Name. Rank. Time of Service.

John Nutter, Lieutenant, May 24, to July 3, 1814.
Ebeiiezer 1 Mummer. Corporal,
Ephraim I'lummer, Private,
John Roberts, "

Thomas Roberts, "

Israel Whitehouse, "

Capt. Vincent Meserve's Company.
John Place, Corporal, May 25, to July 3, 1814.

Capt. John D. Harty's Company.

Benjamin Hanson, 4th Corporal, Sept. 28, 1814, 60 davs.
Phineas Hoit. Drummer, Sept. 29. 1814^ " '•

Samuel Spiuuy, Private, Oct. 4, 1814, " "

Capt. John Haven's Company.
Name. Rank. Time of Service.

John Haven, Captain, Sept. 12 to Sept. 29, 1814.
Samuel Jackson. Private,
Benjamin Roberts. "
Israel Whitehouse, "
William Pearl, "

George Varney, "

Joel Varney, "

These are all that can now be identified, though there were prob-
ably otb.ers, and some of these may have been only transient
inhabitants of this town.

The annexation of Texas, with a boundary not fully settled, led
to the Mexican War in 18 i6. Tliere is nothing upon our records
to show that Rochester had any connection with this war. It
w^ould be strange, however, if no native of this town was in service
at that time. But neither records, nor traditions, have been found
to indicate that Rochester was represented in the Mexican War.
The only evidence extant is an item trom the "Dover Enquirer": —
"Died in Rochester, Dec. 1, 1848, after a lingering illness, Joshua
Locke, age 23, a soldier of the Mexican War." He was probably
a native of some other town, as his history cannot be traced here.

((

150 ROCHESTER.

At the close of the last centniy, Rochester was a large town.
Of ISTew Hampshire towns, Portsmouth alone exceeded it in popu-
lation, and an idea of its extent in territory may be formed by
referring to the charter. The line of Barrington, before Strafford
was severed from that town, formed our western boundary, while
on the east, the Salmon Falls river flowed along the whole length
of the town, a distance of more than twenty miles. Between
these limits, according to the charter, Rochester extended from
Dover so far north as to include ten miles square. At this time
the whole tract was a wilderness. Land was limitless and of little
value, and surveyors were not merely careless, but intentionally
liberal in their measurements. The first division lots, designed
to contain sixty acres each, are found to contain several acres in
excess. The territory was ample for three large towns.

The lower section of the town increased in population much
faster than the more remote parts. It was long apparent that a
division would be necessary, but the subject was agitated many
years without result. So large a territory was the occasion of
many inconveniences to the people. Some were doubtless political,
or such as related to the management of town affairs. But the
most influential consideration was in connection with public wor-
ship and taxation for the support of the ministry. The Puritans,
driven by persecution to seek freedom of worship in America,
impressed a religious character upon the governments which they
formed. Church membership was made a condition for the exer-
cise of political rights. Early charters show that the support of
the ministry was a prominent object in the organization of towns.
Town privileges consisted largely in voting for a minister, voting
and paying taxes for his support, and building and repairing the
meeting-house. Towns had a regular progress or growth based
upon the idea of supporting a gos^Del ministry. Wild land granted
by the Crown or the State was called a " township." When the
number and ability of the inhabitants became suflicient to build
a meeting-house and support a minister, they were incorporated
as a " town," with authority to assess taxes for these objects. As
towns increased in population, and it became difiicult for the more
distant settlers to attend the same meeting, the "town" was divided
into " parishes," never very thoroughly organized, but which, by
sufficient growth, in their turn became "towns." Thus, Somers-

DIVISION OF KOCHESTER. 151

worth was a parish of Dover before it became a town; Milton
was the " ISTorth East," and Farmington the " South West " parish
of Rochester, before they were incorporated as towns ; while the
present town of Rochester was often called the " First Parish,"
to distino;uish it from the others. In this state of affairs a larcre
proportion of the inhabitants were annually taxed to support a
ministry the benefits of which they were unable to enjoy or un-
willing to pay for. This inconvenience was the beginning of a
desire for division, the progress of which can be easily traced till
separation was accomplished. The suliject was earnestly discussed
as early as 1774, in connection with the attempt to build a new
m.eeting-house. As related in a preceding chapter, it was agreed
to divide the town into three parishes, one third of the whole
number of acres to constitute the first parish. A division line
was run, and the house was finally built by the first parish only.
'No division, however, was observed in raising money for the sup-
port of the minister, but Mr. Haven was authorized by vote of
the town, to divide his preaching among the different parishes in
proportion to their taxes. In 1783 the upper parts of the town
petitioned to be set off by themselves but without success. In
1787 the accounts of the first parish were separated from those of
the town, and the minister's salary raised wholly in that parish,
the inhabitants of the other parishes being taxed in like propor-
tion, and their tax paid over to them to hire their own preaching,
but after one year the old method was resumed.

In 1788 a petition for disannexing two ranges of lots from the
southwest corner of the town and annexing them to Dover Avas
presented to the Legislature by Joseph Pierce and others. Roch-
ester sent an agent to the General Court to oppose the petitioners
and the plan Avas defeated. The town was petitioned to consent
to a division in 1790, and an eftbrt was made to get a vote to
divide the town into three towns, but Avithout success. The
dissatisfaction was noAv becoming mutual, and CA^en the first parish
petitioned for some difterent method. Before 1794 it had been
unanimously voted to divide the town into three towns, and a
committee had run out the lines. In 1794 a committee from out
of toAvn Avas appointed to run the line between the supposed first
and second parishes. They reported the same line already fixed
by Jonathan Dame, Avhich was accepted. In 1797 a petition from

152 ROCHESTER.

the South West parish for a division was dismissed, but in the
followino- year, the consent of the town was voted, and on the
first of December, 1798, Farmington was incorporated as a town,
its population being about 1000. After the separation of Farm-
ington, there was Httle to bind the North East parish to Roch-
ester. The town approved the petition presented to the Legisla-
ture, and on June 11, 1802, Milton was incorporated with a pop-
ulation less than 1000. Claims and property questions between
the old and new towns were settled by committees appointed for
the purpose.

It seems proper at this point that some facts should be given
relating to the settlement and history of Farmington and Milton
previous to their separation from Rochester. These new towns
could easily throw oft" the burden of taxation for the ministry.
Puritanism had largely lost its power. The old church system,
which had been the foundation of all things political as well as
religious, had lost its hold. The war of the Revolution had given
its remains a severe shock. Patriots who had fought against
Eno-lish taxation found relio;ious taxation irksome. Meeting-houses
were indeed built in these towns, soon after their incorporation,
but meeting-houses, in those days, were town halls. According
to ancient custom the house at Farmington was erected on a high
hill near the center of the town, about two miles below the
present village. After remaining unfinished about fifty years it
was moved to Rochester, and is now the currying shop of E. Gr.
& E. Wallace. As early as 1797 meetings were held in barns at
Farmington, by Benjamin Green, then preceptor of Berwick
Academy, afterwards a lawyer and judge. He is said to have
been a man of witching eloquence, whom the people from great
distances flocked to hear. jSTo church was formed till 1819, when
James Walker from Concord preached alternately at Farmington
and Milton. In 1834 a meeting-house was built a short distance
below Farmington village, by several denominations unitedly, but
no regular preaching was sustained till 1840, and then only by aid
of the l!^. H. Missionary Society, so great was the declension
from the puritanism of the fathers. By the division of the town
many individuals, whose names had long been associated with the
historv of Rochester as honored citizens, fell within the limits of
the new towns, among whom may be named Dea. James Knowles,

FARMINGTON. 15S

Hon. Aaron Wingate, and Jonas C. March, sketches of whom
are elsewhere given.

The Yillao:e of " rarmino:ton Dock" is situated on what was
formerly known as the " Old John Ham Farm." The first house
was a log house occupied by one Berry, on the lot where the
Eastman house now stands. The first frame house w^as erected
nearly opposite, where H. B. Edgerly now lives. John Roberts,
who was born on Dover ISTeck, May 19, 1752, had this house so
nearly completed that he moved into it, at the time of his mar-
riao:e in 1782. Here he reared a numerous family, and his de-
scendants are among well-known citizens of Rochester. He died
July, 1837. The second frame house was built by Jonas C. March
upon the Eastman lot, sometime before 1792. ISTehemiah Eastman
afterwards owned the house and sold it about 1812 to Josiah
Edgerly who moved it away, and it is now Josiah B. Edgerly's
house. Mr. March built a store near his house, and was succeeded
in trade by Hiram Ward, — Ward, Roberts & Co., Read & Fabins,
John W. Gookin, Jeremv Wino-ate, and others. This store was
burned a few years ago. The "Dock" is indebted to Mr. March for
its peculiar sobriquet. He dealt extensively in lumber, and at Ports-
mouth, where he had previously resided, the word " dock " was a
familiar appellation given to yards near the water where lumber
was deposited. On the confines of the swamp back of his store,
Mr. March had such a lumber yard which the teamsters and traders
called " March's Dock." From this the name w^as naturally trans-
ferred to the village. The word first occurs in the town records
in 1792. After the ^Slarch house and store, others w^ere erected
in nearly the following order. Benjamin Jones built a " half
house " which was afterwards the rear part of Barker's store, called
the " Old Smith Store," on the spot now occupied by the Congre-
gational Church. The next was Eleazar Pearl's house, where
the Peter Pearl house now stands opposite the Ridge road.
A blacksmith's shop was then built by Benjamin Jones, on the
corner of the Ridge road. This was afterwards Lemuel Rand's
dwelling house, and at one time Dr. Libby's store. Dr. Libby
was probably the first physician in Farmington. He located there
about 1800, entered the army in 1812, and left Farmington in
1816. Lemuel Rand built a house called the red house, on the
Ridge road, where M. L. Hayes afterwards built. About 1800,
11

154 ROCHESTER.

John "Wingate, Esq., built a bouse, and a blacksmith's shop where
he carried on his trade. The shop stood on the corner of the
street, and the house, now the Hiram Barker mansion, was on a
part of John Ham's field back of the Eoberts lot. This was long
noted as " Wingate's Tavern," where " Squire Wingate dealt out
justice " and supplies for the hungry and thirsty. He was a
stanch Federalist, and a o-reat admirer of Gen. Washino-ton. A
branch of the "Washington Benevolent Society held its meetings
here in a room which he had fitted up for the purpose. During
the "War of 1812-15 party spirit ran high and Federalism was
very unpopular in Rochester. At one time a company of Dem-
ocrats having imbibed rather freely, found this room, and seeing
the cabalistic letters W. B. S. on the chairs concluded they be-
longed to some accursed Federalist society. In their rage the}''
were proceeding to demolish the chairs and hurl them through
the windows, when the " Squire " suddenly appeared on the scene,
and persuaded them to desist by telling them they all could see
that W. B. S. stood for Wingate's Best Seats. In front of the
tavern was an open square long known as " Wingate's lane." It
has since been narrowed, one part now forming the street which
extends to the river. Benjamin Canney soon after built on the
new street nearly opposite Wingate's. Capt. Josiah Edgerly built
a cabinet shop where J. B. Edgerly's oflice is. This shop is now
a dwelling back of the store which Eleazar Pearl built near his
house in 1807-8, and where Gilbert Ilorney traded about 1815-20.
Dr. Hammond's house built by a Mr. Home, on the Eidge road,
and subsequently owned by the widow of Levi Hayes, was more
recently used as a boarding-house known as Central Cottage, and
is now converted into a hotel.

Milton.

We have less complete information in regard to the first set-
tlements in Milton. At an early date the Plumer and Jones
families, and others of considerable influence, settled upon the
Eidge, and the intelligence and character of these men, with the
valuable farms they possessed, made this at all times an important
section of the town. Immediately after the separation from Eoch-
ester, measures were adopted for building a meeting-house, which
was located on the Eidge, and is now used for a town hall. The

MILTON. 155

valuable mill privilege at the Three Ponds naturally made this
the trading center, and a considerable village gradually sprang
up, its growth being accelerated, at periods, by the prospect of
large manufacturing establishments. Among the earliest traders
were Joshua Hartford, John Fish, and a Mr. Hovey. In 1810
Simon Chase, who had been a clerk with Joseph Hanson in
Rochester, commenced business there, being the only trader at
that time. There was a fulling mill operated by John Fish, and
the houses of Hartford, Gerrish, Fish, Palmer, and perhaps one
or two others. Samuel Palmer and John Fish engaged in several
divino;-bell adventures, endeavoring to raise the cargoes of sunken
vessels, one at Portsmouth, and one upon a western lake, but
were unsuccessful in both. Various kinds of manufacturing have
been established at Three Ponds, at diiferent times, among which
were several cotton mills. At one time the manufacture of shoes
was quite extensive. But, notwithstanding the line water privi-
leges and railroad conveniences, these attempts have until recently
met with poor success. Since 1883 business has become more
prosperous. A shoe shop and a leather board factory have been
built, and are conducting an extensive and flourishing business.

CHAPTER X.

EDUCATIOXAL AND LITERAKY.

" Education alone can conduct us to that enjoyment which is at once best in
quality and infinite in quantity." — Horace Mann.

"Education is the only interest worthy the deep controlling anxiety of the
thoughtful man." — Wendell Phillips.

Very early in the history of the Province of ISTew Hampshire
a law was enacted requiring public schools to he opened in all
settlements of sufficient population. The preamble of this law is
in the characteristic style of Puritan theology which was always
quick to perceive the agency of the Devil, through all his disguises
of hypocrisy and ignorance : —

"It being one chief point of that old deluder, Satan, to keep men from the
knowledge of the Scriptures, — as in former times by keeping them in an un-
known tongue, so in these latter times, by persuading from the use of tongues,
that so at least the true sense and meaning of the original might be clouded
by false glosses of saint-seeming deceivers;* — that learning may not be buried
in the grave of our fathers, in the church and commonwealth, the Lord assisting
our endeavors, —

"It is ordered, that every township in this jurisdiction, after the Lord hath
increased them to the number of fifty householders, shall then forthwith appoint
one within their town to teach all children as shall resort to him to write and
read."

Notwithstanding this law there was, as now, a class of persons
who did not realize the great importance of public instruction,
and felt it too great a burden to maintain the schools required.
Consequently the law was not thoroughly enforced. It was ob-
served or neglected according as the leading men of a town
appreciated the advantages of education.

Though numbering many more than fifty families, the settlers
of Eochester, amid the hardships and sufterings of an Indian war.

*The modern opposers of "dead languages" would do well to study these words and see
under whose leadership they would have been classed by our fathers. — [Editor.]

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 157

did not even agitate the question of schools. But in the interval
of peace in 1750, the subject was brought directly before them
for decision. They voted to have a school, and appointed Timothy
Roberts and Isaac Libbey to hire a school-master. Xo regard was
paid to this vote, and in 1751 they openly defied the law by voting
not to have a school. There was evidently, however, a determi-
nation on the part of some of the citizens that the statute should
not be disregarded. They caused a special meeting to be called
to see if the town would vote to hire a school-master three or
four months. Again voting that they would not have a school
the meeting dissolved. In less than three months another meeting
was called to choose agents to defend the town which " lies under
a presentment for want of a school being kept, and to be heard
and tried at the next court of quarter sessions." If ever the
excuses of poverty and grievous taxation were true and weighty
in justification of such neglect, they were in this case; yet the
law was inexorable and they were compelled to pay the fine.
The courts had a deep sense of the importance of this subject,
for grand juries were particularlij charged to present all violations
of school laws. Xo town can justly plead that it is unable to
support schools : the richest community cannot afibrd to do without
them, — much less those that are poorer and stand more in need
of the elevating and enriching influences of education, for they
are a source of intelligence, enterprise, and happiness.

The next year after the indictment there was a school of six-
teen weeks. The master's name was John Forst, now written
Foss. He was paid in all fifteen pounds, or — allowing for the
depreciation of the currency — less than ten dollars in silver. He
" boarded round," four families taking him each a month, for
which they were paid by the town at a rate equal in silver to
thirty cents a week. For a few years after this the town con-
tinued to maintain a school, and then relapsed. Several persons
threatened them with prosecution, in consequence of which a
special meeting was called in 1755. They were determined not
to sustain the school ; thev had avoided it thus far whenever
they could, and now they stubborul}' voted that there should be
no school-master hired, hut that they would -pay the fine if recovered
hy presentment. The next year, however, they repented and hired
a master. This irregularity continued for some time, until the

158 ROCHESTER.

town was in more prosperous circumstances, or had learned that
it was impossible to evade the law with impunity.

In reviewing these facts, there may be danger of being unchar-
itable towards the men of that day. They probably felt they had
all the burdens they could bear, and we should not criticise them
ungenerously. Yet, who can but admire the perseverance and
zeal of those who kept this subject continually before the people
until schools were permanently established, and who, though
aware of the extreme poverty of the town, realized that this was
no adequate excuse for failing to provide suitable means for the
mental and moral instruction of the young? Such are the men
in all times, who are often an unpopular minority, but who com-
prehend the true interests of their own and future generations.

In 1707 the town was divided " into six equal parts as nearly
as could be," and each part had the liberty to hire a school-
master two months. These were not school districts as afterwards
established by law, but simple divisions for convenience. One
of the six was on the l^eck, one at Gonic, one at Chestnut Hills,
and one on Salmon Falls road.

In 1774 a Grammar School was kept three months, after which
the town voted not to continue it any longer. At that time the
Grammar School was at the head of the public school system, as
the High School is now. Every town of one hundred householders
was required by law to maintain such a school. The master was
to be " a man not vitious in conversation, and able to instruct
youth so far that they might be fitted for the university." Dur-
ing the Revolution, except one year, no money was raised for
schools. At the annual town meeting in 1775 the usual sum had
been voted, but after the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill as
" the prospect looked dark and gloomy with regard to the drout,
famine and the wars," the Selectmen were instructed not to assess
the tax. Before the war closed an attempt was made to get a vote
to dispose of the first division school lot for support of the schools,
but it failed. After the war, a Grammar School was not estab-
lished till 1783, when the town was presented for not having one,
and to avoid paying a large fine it was voted to hire a master.
The next year, though money was raised, the Selectmen neg-
lected or refused to use it for that purpose, and one article
in the notification for the next meeting was, to see if the town

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 159

would oblige the Selectmen to expend the school money for school
purposes, or pay the cost of presentment for their neglect. After
this schools were regularly maintained.

The schools of those early days have often been described.
Whittier has given the key to the situation in the couplet, —

" Brisk wielder of the birch and rule,
The master of the District scliool."

The teacher's chief business in those days seems to have been
the wielding of the birch and rule. One of the early school-
masters who flogged our fathers in this village was a Mr. Tanner,
who the boys thought Avas rightly named. He had lost an arm
in the war, but could administer the birch with the remaining
arm, vigorously enough to satisfy even the parents, who had
never thought of discussing the question whether corporal pun-
ishment in school is or is not beneficial. He was very cruel,
though his school numbered only twelve or fifteen pupils. After
him came Master Orne, who taught in different districts for a
long time. He flogged singh^, and by classes, and by the whole
school ; just as officers review their soldiers, by squads, by com-
panies, by regiments, and by battalions. The boys rebelled, but
the parents sustained the master, for they knew no other way to
have a good school. They went to just such a school when they
were boys and girls, and why should not their children ? So the
old dyspeptic flogged on.

In the " Autobiography of a Landlady of the Old School,"
published by Mrs, Samuel Wyatt in 1854, we find the following
account of " Teaching School at Meaderborough." The time
referred to must have been before 1800 : —

" Before I was thirteen I had an invitation to teach a school in Meader-
borough in the upper part of Rochester, N. H. I commenced the school under
favorable auspices with eighteen or twenty scholars, young men and women,

and three babies Schools then were not as now filled up with all

branches necessary to make a finished education in these modern times. The
only branches taught were reading, spelling, and wiiting. But little was thought
in those days of the education of daughters. To read and write, with a smat-
tering of geography and arithmetic were considered the ne plus ultra of female
education. The minds of girls were then considered to be inadequate to struggle
with the higher branches of education which they now master so readily. The
only books then used in school were Webster's Spelling Book, the Testament,

and the Third Part for the upper class Special attention was given

to the manners of the pupils. They were taught how to enter and leave the
school-room. They were not allowed to run in and out, like a flock of sheep

160 ROCHESTER.

passing over a gap of wall. The how of the little boy was something more than
a nod over the shoulder by just turning the neck askew and bending it to one
side. The courtesy of the little girl was attempted till it could be gracefully
performed. The manner even of walking to and from their seats was not foi'-
gotteu to be taught. By strict attention to these little matters, the young
' school-marm ' soon gained an enviable pre-eminence. Her school was famous
throughout the whole region. A school-inistress in those days was a wonder,
and especially one so young. I closed this my first school with more than the
approbation of all concerned."

As seen by the charter one whole share of the town was set
apart for a Grammar SchooL The history of these school lands
cannot now he traced. In the "first division" tlie school lot
was Xo. 39, the location of which can be seen on the map.

" March 12, 1749. Voted that the Selectmen of this town Let out the School
Lot to those that will Give the most for it for the present year. And the Rent
to be Convarted to the towns Youce."

There is no evidence however that any rent was ever received.
A certain degree of lawlessness in regard to public property
prevailed then as well as now, and these school lands like the
parsonage lands were subject to frequent trespass. The town
records for 1785 and for ten years after show legal proceedings
against trespassers. In 1791 it was voted to sell the fourth
division school lot " in the best manner for the interest of the
town." This vote was not executed, for in 1796 it was voted to
sell the same lot " to build Court houses." No account of the
sale has been found. ISTeither records nor tradition give us any
further clue to the disposal of these lands. Certainly no fund
from their sale has been available for school purposes within the
memory of the oldest citizens.

In 1795 a committee of eight was appointed to divide the town
into school districts, to fix the center of each, and to appoint
a committee in each district to build a school-house. The
number of districts is not on record. In 1805 the State passed
a law empowering towns to establish school districts. This was
really the beginning of the district system which prevailed in Xew
Hampshire for almost exactly eighty years. The Selectmen of
1806 were directed to divide the town into eighteen school districts,
which remained with onlv slio-ht changes till 1853, when another
district was added, and still another in 1855. Excepting the year
1882, these twenty districts remained nearly the same till abolished
by law in 1884.

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY.

161

The first Superintending School Committee was appointed 1809,
and consisted of the Kev. Joseph Haven, John P. Hale, Dr.
Samuel Pray, Jacob McDuftee, James Tebbets, and Moses Eob-
erts, Jr. In 1810-11 the office was held by the Kev. Joseph
Haven, Dr. Samuel Pray, and Jeremiah H. Woodman, Esq. lS[o
more were appointed till required b}' law in 1828.

So far as can now be ascertained the following is the list of
persons who have served the town as Superintending School
Committee : * —

Joseph Haveu, 1809 to '11.

John P. Hale, 1809.

Samuel Pray, 1809 to '11.

Jacob McDuffee, 1809.

James Tebbets, 1809.

Jeremiah H. Woodman, 1810, '11.

John McDuffee, Jr., 1828, '38.

Jonathan Dame, 1828.

Winthrop A. Marston, 1828.

Joseph H. Smith, 1829, '30.

Thomas Stackpole, 1829.

Louis McDuffee, 1829, '33.

Isaac Willey, 1833.

Cyrus Jenness, 1833, '34.

John H. Smith, 1834.

John Meader, 1834.

John M. Berry, 1838, '39.

Richard Kimball, 1838.

A. H. Worthing, 1839.

Francis V. Pike, 1839, '41.

Noah Tebbets. 1841.

llufus K, Pearl, 1841.

O. C. Baker, 1845.

John Pray, 1845.

J. C. Garland, 1845.

J. E. Farwell, 1851.

J. M. Hackett, 1851.

Joel Bean, 1851.

D. J. Parsons, 1853, '54, '61, '68 to '71.

George Spaulding, 1853.

H. H. Hartwell, 1853.

W. A. Kimball, 1854, '56, '64.

Tobias Foss, 1854, '55.

J. C. Seagraves, 1855.

Nathaniel Hayes, 1855, '57, '58.

Zebadiah Sargent, 1856.

Jesse Meader, 1856.

John W. Pray, 1857, '58.

David Hayes, 1857, '58.

James M. Palmer, 1859 to '62.

Harvey Brewer, 1859.

Daniel W. Hayes, 1859.

J. H. Edgerly, 1860, '61.

Wm. Hewes, 1860.

Charles S. Whitehouse, 1861, '71, 72.

Thomas Bartlett, 1861.

Hiram N. Sanborn, 1862.

Wm. T. Smith, 1S63, '64.

Calvin Holman, 1864.

Joseph H. Worcester, 1865, '72.

George J. Abbot, 1866.

Isaac Hyatt, 1867.

A. F. Marsh, 1868, '69.

A. Lovejoy, 1870, '71.

Henry Kimball, 1873 to '76, 78 to '81,

'83 to '85.
Daniel J. Smith, 1872, '73.
Charles Blazo, 1873, '74.
George S. Lindsey, 1874, '75.
Ezra Prav, 1875 to 77.
A. P. Tracy, 1876.
J. H. Wardwell, 1877.
Ezekiel True, 1878 to '80.
Arthur L. Morey, 1879.
Wallace W. Browne, 1880 to '82.
Sidney B. Hayes, 1881 to '87.
Emma J. Wentworth, 1882.
Wm. Rand, 1882.
Sarah C. Home, 1882.
Frank E. Whitney, 1882.
Willard S. Packard, 1883 to '84.
Stephen C. Meader, 1885 to '86.
Wm. X. Hastings, 1886.
Edward H. Meader, 1886.
Dudley B. Waldron, 1886, '87.
Louis Richai'dson, 1886 to '88.

This list includes many of the leading men of the town, those

* In this and similar lists the year named is understood to begin from March meeting.

162 . ROCHESTER.

wlio have made its history, — ministers, lawj^ers, physicians, and
men of business. A careful compilation of all their suggestions
for the last sixty years would doubtless furnish an elaborate system
of pedagogy. In the reports which have been preserved there is
frequent evidence of sound judgment, an insight, and a foresight
which the town might have heeded to the great improvement of
its schools. The tirst written school report ever presented to
the town was at the annual meeting in 1829. It is from the pen
of John McDuffee, Jr., whose colleagues were Jona. Dame and
Winthrop A. Marston, then a law student in David Barker's office.
The report specifies the condition of each of the eighteen schools,
and complains of the lack of suitable text books. " Morse's Geog-
raphy, old edition," is named as one that " should not be used,"
and the following are recommended : — " The Sequel to the Ana-
lytical Eeader, Analytical Reader, and Marshall's Spelling book,
— also Putnam's Murray's Grammar, Colburn's Intellectual Arith-
metick, Adams' Arithmetick, and Woodbridge's Geography and
Atlas." They report 616 pupils in attendance, 13 between the
ages of 4 and 14 not attending, and none between 14 and 21
who cannot read and write. The practice of printing the annual
school reports is of only recent date, so that but few of them
are now extant. In those which we have, the following points
are worthy of notice. One of the most frequent suggestions is
the need of new and better school -houses. This is declared to
be " a great and pressing need." " The want of suitable school-
rooms is a great hinderance to good schools," says one committee.
Another declares they " lay like blotches on the landscape, uncouth
and hideous without and within." A few years later it is said
that they were "poorly built at first, now of venerable age and
in various stages of dilapidation." Perhaps no one thing shows
more clearly the good judgment of the men selected for this
office than the frequency with which they recommend the con-
solidation of districts. This advice has been reiterated many times,
beginning with the modest suggestion of uniting some small
districts, and advancing to the only true position of their entire
abolition. When this plan was adopted in 1882 the committee
commended it as successful. But the town disregarded their
advice and went back to districts. After the abolition of districts
by the state law, the committee speak of the evils of the old

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 163

sj'stem under prudential committees and evidently touch the gist
of the "whole matter when they say that " ' civil service reform '
is needed in the selection of teachers." This could never be
accomplished under the old sj'stem. Very sensibly the committee
sav " The advantao;es to be derived from this new law make it
possible for our schools to enter upon a new era of prosperity."
As in all the country towns of o^ew Hampshire the schools had
been rapidly diminishing in size. In many districts through the
State where once were large schools of from fifty to ninety pupils,
there had come to be less than a dozen. In some districts there
were absolutely no pupils at all. Here in Rochester the diminu-
tion was not so great as in some smaller towns, but in 1869, one
school had but seven and another only nine pupils. In 1878
twelve schools had less than twentv each, of which six had between
ten and twelve each, and four had less than ten each. In 1880
one district reported a school of only two pupils with an average
attendance of one. In 1884 there were eight schools in Rochester
numbering less than ten each. Surely the time had fully come
for a change of system.

Prior to about the beginning of the present century the amount
of money appropriated to school purposes was left to the discre-
tion of the Selectmen. The " literary fund " set apart for schools
by state law is first mentioned in 1829. Rochester raised no
more than what the law required till 1848, when $300 was voted
for schools. In 1849-50 this was increased to §400, and from
1851 to 1881, »$500 was the annual appropriation. In 1882, when
the town was merged into one district, $6,000 was raised for
schools, and $1,000 annually since that time. The school money
was always divided equally among the districts, the village re-
ceiving no more than any other.

At Gonic the earliest school of which there is any remembrance
was kept in the old Henderson house, a little below the village,
i^ot long before 1800 the first school-house was built by Micajah
Hussey, between Main street and the Barrington road. The floors
were raised on three sides two or three feet for high seats and
" writing boards." Wood was plenty and there was a huge fire-
place " giving the large boys a chance to toast their shins, and
the smaller ones a chance to get theirs switched, if they moved
their feet to warm their toes or to get an easier position." In

164 ROCHESTER.

1800 this school was kept by Martha Evans of Dover, afterwards
Mrs. Benjamin Hayes and mother of vStephen E. and James D.
Hayes. In 1802 the teacher was " Master Main." Among the
larger pupils at that time were Tristram Tucker, Jacob Heard,
John and Daniel McjSTeal, Israel and John Henderson, most of
whom read in the Psalter or the Bible. Isaac Place, Hannah
Hussey, Sarah Ham, and Sally Chesley were the best readers, and
had the American Preceptor or Webster's Third Part, books then
just coming into use. From this time to 1813 the teachers in
this scliool were Amos Main, Dr. Jacob Main, Daniel Dame,
Pierce P. Furber, Levi Hayes, Robert Gray, " Old Junkins," and
a Mr. Merrill. This first school-house was in use as late as 1816,
and perhaps later, and is still standing as a dwelling on the same
spot, with little external change except paint. The next school-
house was of brick, on the opposite side of the street, and a little
above the first. The third and present school-house was built on
the same spot in 1858, and dedicated in December of that year.
The services on the occasion were prayer by the Rev. Mr. Brewer,
singing by the Glee Club, report of the Building Committee,
Charles S. "Whitehouse, an address by Dr. J. T. W. Pray of Dover,
School Commissioner for the County. An Ode written for the
occasion by the Rev. T. J. Greenwood, was then sung. X. Y.
Whitehouse then made a speech in which he said this was the
third school-house in that district since his remembrance. There
were only two of his early school-mates present, — his wife and
Deacon Ham. Contrasting the past with the present, he said he
remembered when there were only six weeks schooling in the
winter. The writing-desks were coarse benches ranged on the
sides of the room. A huge fireplace filled with wood scorched
those on the front seats, while cracks in the floor and badly fitted
windows chilled those on the back seats. Other speeches were
made by Dr. Stackpole of Dover, C. K. Sanborn, Esq., W. A.
Kimball, G. F. Hobbs, and the Revs. J. M. Palmer, Dearborn,
and Brewer. In 1886 this district was annexed to district No. 8.
What is now known as East Rochester was formerly a part
of District Xo. 9, and the children had to go a mile away to
school at "Adams Corner." In March, 1853, on petition of the
inhabitants, the Selectmen set oft' the village, then known as
Garland's Mills, as District ISTo. 19. A school-house costing about

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 165

$500 was built in August following on the south corner of what
is now the yard of the Free- Will Baptist Church. There were
15^ weeks of school that year, taught by Harriet Corson. In
1868 the house was enlarged and a second story added at a cost
of about $1,700 including furnishing. In 1879 about two acres on
Cocheco Avenue was bought for §1,100, and in the summer of
1880 a school-house containing three rooms well furnished and
heated by steam, was built thereon at a cost of about $6,000.
About 115 pupils are enrolled in primary, intermediate, and
grammar grades. In 1886 this, together with " Adams Corner "
and one other district, was annexed to the High School district
¥o. 8.

Norway Plains early became one of the most important school
districts. Among the papers of the late Hatevil Knight is found
the following record : —

"At a meeting of the School District at Norway Plains on the 31^' day of
March A. D. 1796 held at the dwelling house of Peter Gushing — for the pur-
pose of compleating the School House now raised and boarded on said Norway
Plains —

Voted, That the said School House shall be Compleated in a good workman-
like manner, after the model of the Dover School House near the Quaker
Meeting House and as near like it as may be excepting the chimney which is
to be made of good Brick — the painting also to be excepted.

Voted That said School be Compleated by the setting of the Court of Com-
mon Pleas in said Rochester in June next."

The job was " set up at Vendue to the lowest Bidder," and
was taken by Peter Cushing for one hundred and six dollars.
Hatevil Knight was his bondsman in the sum of $100 that it
should be linished at the time appointed. This school-house was
very small and stood on the same lot with the court house.
It evidently failed to accommodate the increasing numbers, for it
is remembered that Edward C. Piper kept the school for some
years in the court house. The boys would sometimes hide in
the sheriif's box, and some by this means escaped reciting for
a week together. In 1815 a new school-house was built where
the Main-street house now stands. It was a wooden building
with two rooms, and was occupied while yet uniinished, the
teacher using the carpenter's workbench for a desk. Jared Sparks,
afterwards president of Harvard University, taught here at that
time. He used to ferule the boys' feet, and set them between

166 ROCHESTEE.

the girls for punishment. Boys were about the same then as
now, as it is remembered how they were in the habit of stoning
the school-house vane, which was in the form of a huge goose-
quill. This school-house is now the blacksmith's shop on Went-
worth street. In 1829 two schools were kept in this house, one
by Dr. M. R. Warren, the other by Sally Pray. His wages was
$15 a month and board. 'Not long after this a brick school-house
having three rooms was built on this spot in the form of a cross,
and continued in use till 1856. In the summer of 1844 three
schools were kept here, one by Moses T. Gate at $28 per month,
one b}' Caroline Knight at $16 per month, and the other by
Eliza A. Pray at $14 per month. These schools kept increas-
ing as the village grew till there was urgent need of more room.
Formerly the law did not permit school money to be used for
instruction in any but the common branches of study. In 1848
what was called " the Somersworth act " was passed enabling
districts which should adopt it to have higher branches taught,
grading their schools, and appointing a Superintending Committee
separate from the town. This act was adopted here in 1849,
and in April, 1850, thirteen hundred dollars was raised for a
new school-house, containing two rooms, on Wakefield street, and
E. J. Mathes, John McDuffee, and John Legro were aj^pointed
building committee. Their work was accomplished so that the
house was occupied in the fall of 1851. At this time there
435 children in the district, and they were very soon again
straitened for room, and the school-house question was contin-
ually agitated. Some thought two more houses were needed,
some wanted to build one in the cheapest manner, and some
wanted only " to repair the old brick school-house." For nearly
five 3'ears meeting after meeting was held to discuss this ques-
tion. Important votes would be passed only to be reconsidered
and rescinded, either at the same meeting, or one immediately
called for that purpose. Thus nothing was accomplished till
April, 1856, when it was voted to raise $4,000 to build a new
school-house " where the brick School-house now stands." This
meeting proved illegal, and another was called for May 15, when
the same votes were renewed, and J. D. Sturtevant, J. McDufifee,
J. Legro, J. H. Edgerly, and C. K. Sanborn, were chosen building
committee. This house is the one now standina; on Main street.

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 167

The same year another school-house was built on Elm street.
This now stands on School street, to which place it was moved
in 1876, at a cost of $650 with repairs. After a year's struggle
on the part of those who wished to build " a brick house two
stories high . . . and a wooden house above the bridge," it was
voted in April, 1875, " that a new school-house be built above
the bridge . . . and that the old house be moved to Portland
street," and §6,300 was raised for these purposes. The new
house, located on Maple street, was of two stories, with 112 seats.
The building committee consisted of C. W. Bradley, J. D. Evans,
and J. L. Duntley. In 1878 Nathaniel Burnham, John D.
Parshlev, and Geo. C. Pinkham were chosen committee to build
a school-house on Pound street. This house is two stories high,
with 104 seats, and cost 12,558.61. The next year §300 was voted
for high school apparatus, and §300 to furnish a recitation room
for use of the high school. The school-house question was again
agitated, but nothing resulted till 1883 when it was voted

" that we build a School house of brick near the central portion of the dis-
trict, of sufficient size to accommodate at least the present High and Grammar
School scholars and such increase to their numbers as may reasonably be ex-
pected for several years to come, with suitable laboratory, etc., etc., at a cost
not to exceed twenty-five thousand dollars."

The building committee consisted of Chas B. Gafney, Geo. F.
Eichardsou, and Wm. G. Rankin. The house was located on
" the Hale lot so called " which contained over five acres, and
cost §2,000. Five hundred dollars was afterwards voted for im-
provements on the lot. " The building will accommodate 344
scholars, single desks," besides two recitation rooms. " All modern
conveniences have been introduced," and the committee believe
it is " the best school-house in ISTew Hampshire built at its cost."
The total expenditure including purchase of the lot was §25,540.
This house was first occupied in the fall term of 1884 by 285
pupils.

In 1850 the Legislature enlarged the powers of districts adopting
" the Somersworth act," so that if they had a hundred pupils
within their limits, they could raise money to support a High
School. At the next annual meeting of this district an eftbrt was
made to do so. This failing, a special meeting was called in
April, when the proposition was again rejected. These eflbrts

168 ROCHESTER.

were renewed from time to time without success till 1868, since
which time the following sums have been raised for the High
School: — 1868, .^500; 1869, $1000; 1870, none, as the last year's
money had not been expended; 1871,^1200; 1872, $1000 ; 1873,
$1500; 1874 to 1876, $2000 ; 1877-78,12500; 1879, $2000; 1880,
$2500; 1881-82, $3500; 1883 to 1885, $5000; 1886, $6500.

The only advantage which the district derived for many years
from the adoption of " the Somersworth act " was the opportunity
afforded a few bright and persevering pupils to pursue studies
above the common branches, without resorting to private schools.
The first school which was called a High School was in the
brick school house in 1857. It was taught by "Wm. A. Kimball
at $40 per month. The year's schooling was only 22 weeks, and
there were less than 70 pupils, very few of whom studied any-
thing above the common branches. Though there was nominally
a High School from this time, it differed from a district school
only in affording opportunity for individual pupils to pursue higher
studies. As late as 1869 there were only ten who desired these
branches. In 1873 a new departure was made by grading all the
schools and establishing a regular four years' course of study for
the High School. Another year of Grammar School work was
for several years assigned to the High School. There were fifty
two pupils this year, and two teachers. From this time the
schools of lower grade in this district rapidly improved and have
been doing excellent work. The High School, however, did not
flourish. Pupils dropped out all along the course till none were
left to graduate. The committee grew discouraged, and in 1877
not only reduced the English course to three years, but allowed
all who had studied any course for three years in the High
School to receive diplomas in 1878. (See Appendix.) Four years
were still required for all except the English course, and for
this also since 1886. The High School is now in a very pros-
perous condition, with over one hundred pupils, and three teachers.
Its graduates have been as follows : — 1878, 8 ; 1880, 4 ; 1881,
13; 1882,4; 1883,16; 1884, 14 ; 1885, 16 ; 1886,16; 1887,13.
The following list of principals of the High School is as nearly
accurate as it can now be made: — Wm. A. Kimball, 1857-58;
Henry Dudley, one term in 1859; Hiram M. Sanborn, 1859 to
'62 ; John S. Warren, 1863 ; Charles E. Lane, James J. Header,

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 169

John Runnells, Mr. Hazen, and Owen Cobb for different periods
till 1866, when James P. Dixon came for two years; then Mr.
Kennedy and Mr. Anderson ; "Wm. H. Farrar, 1869-70 ; then
John C. Pike and Geo. E. Smith ; A. I^. Marston, 1871-75 ; M. C.
Lamprey two years ; Rev. Mr. Pitkin, one term ; Frank P. Shep-
ard, 1877-78; Charles E. Hiissey, 1879-83; AVarren 0. Plimpton,
1884 ; Alfred B. Morrill, 1885 ; Wm. H. Allen, 1886-87.

Under " the Somersw^orth act " the district first appointed five
persons as Superintending Committee. In 1863 the number was
reduced to three. There were eight years during which the office
was left vacant, as will af)pear by the following list : —

Asa P. Hanson, 1849. Charles E. Johnson, 18GI.
William A. Kimball, 1849 to '51, '55 to Franklin McDuffee, 1S61 to '67, '70.

'62, '71. James Farrington, 1862, '63.

John E. Farwell, 1849 to '51. Joseph H. Worcester, 1864, '65, '67, '69
Jeremiah C. Garland, 1849, '50. to '71.

Nathaniel D. Wetmore, 1849. Prescott Fav, 1866.

George B. Roberts, 1850, '55, '61. IMoses R. Warren. 1867 to '69.

Silas Green, 1850. A. F. Marsh, 1868.

J. C. Cromack, 1851. Lewis P. Cushman, 1869.

Jesse Meader, 1851. Henry Kimball, 1871 to '76, '78 to '81.

John Nutter, 1851. H. M. Stone, 1872 to '74.

J. C. Seagrave, 1855. Daniel J. Smith, 1872, '73.

C. K. Sanborn, 1855. Susan M. Warren, 1874 to '81.

John W. Pray, 1855. E. C. Cook, 1875 to '77.

Reuben Tilton, 1855. John H. Wardwell, 1877.

Jeremiah D. Evans, 1855, '62. Ezekiel True, 1878 to '80.

James M. Palmer, 1861. Charles W. Folsom, 1881.
Jas. II. Edgerly, 1861 to '66, '68 '70, '71.

In 1877, a law was passed enabling this district to appoint a
a Board of Education having entire control of the schools, and to
consist of six persons, two to be elected each year. This law was
adopted by the district in 1883, and the following persons have
constituted the Board : —

Charles W. Folsom, 1883 to 1885. Henry M. Kellev, 1883 to 1886.

Joseph H. Worcester, 1883 to 1885. Henry Kimball, '1883 to 1886.

John L Copp, 1883 to 1887- Julian H. Cutler, 1886 to 1888.

Charles W. Brown, 1883 to 1887. Frederick H. Lunt, 1886 to 1888.

In 1885, four other districts united with this. It is to be hoped
all the rest will follow their example, constituting the whole town
but one district. Thus all would have as nearly equal school
privileges as their locations will permit. In 1886 the Board of

170 ROCHESTER.

Education recommended the introduction of music into the scliools,
and secured a vote to furnish reading books at pubhc expense.

At the annual to\yn meeting in March, 1886, there were re-
ported eighteen schools outside the High School District with an
enrolment of 468 pupils. The ten smallest schools numbered
respectivel}' 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 9, 11, 11, and 13 pupils. The amount
expended for each pupil was §45.73 in one school, and over $30
in three others. Total amount expended in these schools for the
year $4,333.35 or an average of $9.25 for each pupil. In the
High School District, which for this year included IsTos. 8 and 18,
there were enrolled 131 pupils in the High School, 215 in the
five Grammar Schools, 163 in the three Intermediate Schools,
and 324 in the six Primaries, making a total of 833. Total
expenditures $9,574.35, making an average of $11.49 to each pupil.
The last few years have witnessed a great advance in the educa-
tional facilities of this town. While credit is due to many for
their share in the work, it cannot be deemed invidious to say that
the people of Rochester are specially indebted to Henry Kimball,
Esq., for his enthusiastic and persistent eftbrts for the improvement
of the schools.

Rochester Academy.

In the spring of 1820 a petition was put in circulation, addressed
to the Trustees of the Newmarket Wesleyan Academy, asking
for the removal of that institution to Rochester. Being one of
the count}' towns, Rochester was a place to which, during the
sessions of the court, visitors were drawn from all parts of the
count}' then comprising the present counties of Strafford, Carroll,
and Belknap. It was therefore well adapted to become the seat
of a flourishing school. The subscribers obligated themselves to
pay certain sums, amounting to about $1,200 to secure this insti-
tution. Joseph Hanson subscribed $150 ; Moses Hale, $125 ; Wm.
Barker, $120 ; Charles Dennett, James C. Cole, Jabez Dame, $100
each; John Roberts, Jr., John Plumer, 3d, David Barker, Jr.,
Hatevil Knight, Jonathan H. Torr, William Ilurd, $50 each ;
and others smaller sums. The town also voted the use of the
Court House to Wesleyan Academy. The failure of this effort
seems to have been due to objections raised by some influential
persons against a school controlled by a religious denomination.

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 171

" The Proprietors of the Rochester Academy " were incorpo-
rated June 30, 1827, and held their first meeting September 19.
The only business transacted was a vote to call a general meeting
of persons interested in the subject. Afterwards committees were
appointed to recommend suitable measures, and to circulate sub-
scription papers. Two papers were prepared, one to raise money
for erecting a building, the other to establish a fund for the
support of the school. Twenty-five dollars was agreed upon as
the price of a share, the payment of which constituted any person
a proprietor. Rochester people were appealed to more especially
to provide for the building as they would reap peculiar advan-
tages from the effort,

" in the addition of good society, in affording their children a good education
with diminished expense, in the increased value of their real estate, and in the
rare and distinguished ornament to their village of a respectable school." The
subscribers were as follows : — David Barker, Jr., Xathaniel Upham, Jeremiah
H. Woodman. 4 shares each ; Charles Dennett, John Greenfield, ]\Ioses Hale,
Joseph Hanson, Jr., William Hurd, John Roberts, Jr., William B. Smith, 2 shares
each; Benjamin M. Akerman, George Barker, Simon Chase, James C. Cole,
James Cross, Joseph Cross, Peter Folsom, Benjamin Hayes, Jr., Richmond Hen-
derson, Charles Hoyt, Joseph D. Hurd, Nathaniel H. Hurd, Lowell Kenney,
Hatevil Knight, David Legro, Lydia March, John McDuft'ee, Jr., Louis McDuf-
fee. Ivory M. Nute, John Nutter, Jr.. Sarah Odiorne, Benjamin Page. Elijah
Roberts, John Smith, Jonathan H. Torr, Simon Torr, W. & E. D. Trickey,
Daniel Waldron. Isaac Willey, John York, one share each; and Samuel Header
12 dollars, making in all §1412.

The proposed fund for the support of the school was not secured.
A lot just below the court house, where Wallace's Shoe Factory
now stands, was presented by the town and at first accepted by
the proprietors, but not being considered an advantageous location
it was abandoned, and the lot on which the Academy now stands
was purchased of John Roberts, Jr., to pay for which four dollars
was assessed on each share. The subscriptions were nearly all
expended in buying a lot and erecting a two-story brick building,
which was completed in 1828.

James Towner, A. M., who for some years had been a very
acceptable instructor at "Wolfeborough Academy was secured as
first preceptor. The school was formally opened October 31,
1828, with an elaborate address by Rev. Baron Stowe of Ports-
mouth. The preceptor was a man of literary culture, and under
his management the school was large, many of his former pupils
having followed him to his new field of labor. The only quali-

172 ROCHESTER.

fications required for admission were " to be able to read and
spell well and to write a legible hand." The more advanced
branches pursued were such as were then necessary as a prepara-
tion for college. The teacher's salary was $500. After two
years Mr. Towner left Rochester because the scanty funds of the
Academy could not insure a suitable support. lie removed to
the West and died there. His successors were as follows : —

Charles William Woodman a native of Rochester, a graduate
of Dartmouth in 1829 ; formerly Judge of Probate, and afterwards
Judge of the Court of Common IMeas, now a lawyer in Dover.
He tauffht the Academv one or two terms.

Lewis Turner, a graduate of Bowdoin, took charge of the Acad-
emy in February, 1831, and remained two terms. Instruction in
French announced.

Ino^ersoll, afterwards a lawver in Bangor, Maine.

F. Goodwin of South Berwick, Me., afterwards an Episcopal
minister in Brooklyn, New York.

Levi Nelson Tracy, then a student, afterwards, in 1834. a grad-
uate of Dartmouth. He possessed much energy of character,
teaching and singing himself through college. He died at Hart-
ford, Conn., in 1846, aged 39.

Cyrus W. Hamlin taught here three months in 1832. He was
a young man of only nineteen or twenty years, the first scholar
in his class at Bowdoin, of rare piety, and as remarkable for his
modesty as for his intellectual attainments. He is now well known
as having been for many years one of the foremost missionaries
in Constantinople. Besides being a scholar, he is a practical man
of much mechanical ingenuity, by which he rendered much ser-
vice to the English during the Crimean war. He has since been
President of Middlebury College.

A. P. Chute, also of Bowdoin, came in September, 1832, and
was recommended as " eminently qualified to promote the moral
and literary improvement of his pupils."

Georofe Pickering Mathes followed. He was a native of Dur-
ham, prepared for college at Rochester Academy under Mr.
Towner, and graduated at Dartmouth in 1834. He died at Dover
in 1836, while a law student in the ofiice of Daniel M. Christie.

About this time the Trustees gave up the control of the insti-
tution, and thereafter each preceptor took upon himself the respon-

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 173

eibilitj ot conducting the school. The Trustees were J. H. Wood-
man, Nathaniel Upham, Rev. Isaac Willey, David Barker, Jr.,
Moses Hale, Joseph Cross, James C. Cole, l^ehemiah Eastman of
Farmington, Daniel M. Christie of Dover, Rev. Josiah T. Hawes,
Jeremiah Kingman of Barrington, and Rev. Enoch Place of Straf-
ford. Sept. 4, 1829, Hatevil Knight was chosen to fill the vacancy
occasioned by the death of Nathaniel Upham. Sept. 3, 1830,
John Greenfield was chosen to fill the vacancy occasioned by the
resignation of Rev. J. T. Hawes. J. H. Woodman was president;
Moses Hale, treasurer; and Rev. Isaac Willey, secretary. N"o
other Trustees were appointed.

In September, 1835, John C. Ingalls was announced as Prin-
cipal; Alonzo Jackman, Teacher of Mathematics; Betsey Dow,
Instructor in French and Painting. " French, Greek, Geometry,
Trigonometry, Surveying, iTavigation, Book-keeping, Belles-Let-
tres. Botany, Logic, Painting, Music, Latin, Logarithms, Chro-
nology, Stenography, Rhetoric, Declamations, Conic Sections,
Moral Philosophy, Chemistry, exercises in Calistlienics, and the
formation of aftable manners," are among the attractions oftered.
Students assembled every morning at sunrise for reading the
Scriptures and prayer. Mr. Ingalls remained two and a half
3'ears.

In January, 1838, Harrison Carroll Hunt, a native of Ash-
burnham, Mass., took the school. He was a highly successful
teacher, remaining for about three years. While here his name
was changed to Hobart. He graduated from Dartmouth in 1842 ;
became a prominent lawyer and politician in Wisconsin ; was
speaker of the Wisconsin House of Representatives, a member of
the State Senate, and Democratic candidate for Governor; was
Lieut. Col. of a Wisconsin Regiment in the Rebellion, and was
one of the captured Union officers who escaped from Richmond
by tunneling the Libbey prison. He has since practised law in
Milwaukee, Wise.

In IS'ovember, 1841, the school was taken by Jeremiah Hall
Woodman Colby of Sanbornton, who graduated at Dartmouth
the next July. He studied law with Daniel M. Christie, and settled
in Manitowoc, Wise, where he died in 1853. " His standing as
a lawyer was high, and his character exemplary."

From March, 1844, to the latter part of 1845, David Fogg

174 ROCHESTER.

Drew, son of Dr. Stephen Drew of Milton, was principal. After
graduating at Dartmouth in 1842, he read law and practised five
or six years, when he studied medicine, and settled in practice
at Lynn, Mass.

He was succeeded by Joseph W. Drew, who remained about
two years, and was assisted by Miss Caroline Knight. ^Ir. Drew
was a native of Dover, graduated at Dartmouth in 1844, read law
one year, studied medicine two years, went to California in 1849,
removed to Oregon in 1850, where he held important U. S. offices,
and was afterwards a clerk in "Washington, D. C. In February,
1847, he announced " instruction on the piano by a competent
teacher."

In May following " Rochester Institute " was advertised by Rev.
G. C. V. Eastman who had " ten years' experience as principal
of boarding and day school in Connecticut." He described Roch-
ester as " pleasant, healthy, and easily accessible, containing few
incentives to vice, and having a large proportion of educated and
refined society."

Jarvis McDuffee, who had been an instructor in the U. S. N'avy,
announced himself as Principal of Rochester Academy for the
Fall Term, 1847, but a " veto " announcement appeared on the
part of the proprietors. The female department was continued
under Miss Knight, the former assistant. By some arrangement^
however, Mr. McDuflee held the principalship for a few terms,
and afterwards removed to Exeter, where he became a farmer.

The Spring Term of 1848 was taught by James Wingate Rol-
lins and Miss Knight. Mr. Rollins was from Somers worth, grad-
uated at Dartmouth in 1845, taught South Berwick Academy two
years before coming to Rochester, afterwards read law with Hon.
William A. Hayes of South Berwick, Me., and settled in Boston^
Mass., where he still practises.

In March, 1849, Rev. A. B. Worthing was principal, with J.
B. Wentworth, associate. This was the last term taught by a
male teacher. In fact the Academy may properly be said to have
ended its existence here. Miss Caroline Knight however continued
a private school for both sexes till 1872. She was the third
daughter of Hatevil Knight, and was born in Rochester, May 17,
1806. She early manifested superior mental and moral endow-
ments. With a determination that pressed through difficulties

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARl'. 175

wliicli would have disheartened most girls, she acquired a supe-
rior education for those days. In 1826-27 she taught school in
Exeter. When the Academy opened in 1828, she returned home
and was assistant pupil for a time with Mr. Towner, for whom
she ever retained a high regard. In 1830-31 she taught in the
Academy at Hopkinton. She afterwards taught in Canandaigua,
'N. Y., where she improved the opportunity to gain a better
knowledge of French under a native teacher, and of Mathematics
under the well-known Prof. Robinson, who testified to her superior
ability in that department. In 1840 she returned to ITew England
and taught two seasons in jSorth Conway, when she opened a
private school for girls in her father's house. This continued till
she took the position of assistant to Mr. Drew. When the Odd
Fellows bought out the shareholders of the Academy, she secured
enough with her father's share to retain the use of one room
where she continued to teach till failing strength compelled her
to retire. She was a self-denying Christian woman who devoted
her life to doing good. She gave instruction not only in the
common branches but also in Latin, French, Algebra, and Geom-
etry for twenty-five cents a week, and even this was sometimes
abated that the poorest might be able to avail themselves of the
privilege of instruction. Her work was of a high order. One
who was specially interested in education remarked that Rochester
could never establish a public High School while Miss Knight
continued hers, for she used all the material. Her religious influ-
ence was positive and wholesome. Many of her pupils, some
now in high positions, can still testify to the deep and lasting
impressions there received. In 1854 she adopted two children
whom she trained and educated for lives of usefulness. One
known as Mar}^ M. Knight is now Mrs. Alvan S. Pratt of Wor-
cester, Mass. ; the other, John H. Wardwell, graduated at Dart-
mouth College in 1870, and is now a teacher at Medford, Mass.
He still owns the old Knight house built in 1790, where his
adopted mother died, Aug. 8, 1882, in the same room in which
she was born 76 years before.

For about twenty years Rochester Academy was a flourishing
and useful institution, the benefits of which were felt and appre-
ciated by the people of this and neighboring towns. No catalogues
were published, so that it is now impossible to obtain accurate

176 ROCHESTER.

information in regard to the number of pupils, names of grad-
uates, or courses of study pursued. As each principal conducted
the school according to his own ideas, its character for the time
depended upon his ability and aptitude in his vocation.

Among the many students of this institution may be named
the following: — George Mathes already noticed; Elijah Martin
Hussey a graduate of Dartmouth in 1852, now a lawyer in Kew
York city ; George L. Hayes a graduate of Bowdoin of more
than ordinary ability, who died in Kentucky a few years after
graduation; Theodore Chase Woodman a graduate of Dartmouth
in 1835, a lawyer of Bucksport, Me., has been a member of the
Executive Council, and Speaker of the Maine House of Repre-
sentatives; Rev. "Worster Willey for many years a missionary
among the Cherokees; Hon. Edward Ash ton Rollins a graduate
of Dartmouth in 1851, Speaker of the JSTew Hampshire House of
Representatives, U. S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, and
who gave funds to build the Rollins Chapel at Hanover where
he died Sept. 7, 1885; Sylvester Watcrhouse, Ph. D., a graduate
of Harvard in 1853, professor in "Washington University, St.
Louis, Mo.; John P. Newell who graduated first in his class at
Dartmouth in 1849, a successful teacher at Derry and Manchester,
of which city he has since been Mayor; John Noble of Great
Falls a graduate of Harvard, a teacher in Boston, Clerk of the
Supreme Court in Mass. ; Tolman Willey, an able lawyer in
Boston; J. II. York, M. D., a successful physician in Boston;
Hon. J. H. Ela; Hon. J. H. Edgerly; and many others. Many
ladies also now exerting a salutary influence in society were
educated here at least in part. Among them was Caroline Bodge
a graduate of South Hadle}', who with great self-denial taught
for several years in the most ignorant parts of New Jersey. She
was teacher of Latin in the female seminary at Rockford, 111.,
and afterwards principal of a female college in Wisconsin where
she died.

In 1846 the proprietors voted to lease the upper story of the
Academy building for ten years at twenty dollars per annum to
Motolinia Lodge I. O. of Odd Fellows. This Lodge eventually
bought out the rights of the various subscribers to whom the
property reverted when it ceased to be used for a school. Having
erected a much larger building in the front yard the Lodge sold

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 177

the old academy which is now fitted up into a two-tenement
dwelling facing on a new street called Academy street.

The first and most important cause which led to the decline of
the Academy was the want of a Fund by which talented teachers
might be secured and retained. Being without this permanent,
independent basis, the division of the County into three, and the
removal of the courts from Rochester, dealt the final blow. This
change occurred when the institution was in the height of its
brief prosperity, and not only diverted patronage to other insti-
tutions but was the beginning of an entire revolution in the char-
acter of our population and society. In the early years of the
school such men as Mr. "Woodman, David Barker, Jr., Judge
Tebbetts, the Uphams, and the Hales, not only appreciated edu-
cational advantages for their own town, but their extensive
acquaintance as lawyers and public men would naturally increase
the patronage of the school. The courts having been removed,
the death of any one of these men was a loss not to be repaired.
The change of Rochester from being almost exclusively an agri-
cultural to a manufacturing town ; the establishment of Academies
at Lebanon, Me., and at Stratford; improved High Schools at
Great Falls and Dover; the introduction of more advanced studies
into the public schools; the increased facilities for traveling to
and from institutions of established reputation and ample funds;
all combined to diminish the prosperity of this school.

After the decline of the Academy, though piossessing abundant
elements of material wealth and prosperity, Rochester was for
many years sadly deficient in the means of aftbrding a good
education to the young. Many citizens appreciated the value of
such advantages, mourned over the deficiency, and used their
best endeavors to rouse others from their apathy and to provide
the much-needed facilities for education. After long delays their
efforts were crowned with success in the establishment of a Public
High School with excellent accommodations far superior to the
*' Academy " in its best daj's.

Social Library.

An essential element in the education of this town is "7%g
Rochester Social Library Conqmny." Next to churches and schools,
libraries are the most important factor in the education of any

178 ROCHESTER.

community. When this company was formed libraries were even
more a necessity than now. Books were scarce and costly. As
for newspapers, a few families received the " New Hampshire Ga-
zette," and later, the " Dover Sun." But the great variety of
weekly, monthly, and quarterly periodicals, which we now esteem
lightly because so cheap and common, was then unknown. The
press did not teem with productions which railroads and coaches
could convey to every door, but the family reading was narrowed
down to the Bible, the Almanac, a school book or two, and in
families that could afford it, a few religious works, reminding us
of Whittier's lines : —

" The Almanac we studied o'er,
Read and re-read our little stores
Of books and pamphlets scarce a score."

Almost every intelligent family of to-day has more books than
could have then been collected from the whole town outside the
libraries of professional men. Yet there was a general desire for
information, and the people understood, perhaps even better than
now, the great value of books. The excitement of the revolution
which awakened and absorbed all their energies had subsided;
the new government was firmly established and had ceased to
excite speculation. Mental activity therefore sought new objects
and new channels, and the arts of peace were pursued mth un-
wonted ardor. In almost every town of New Hampshire will be
found traces at least of a Social Library started at about this
period. Rochester is one of the favored few which have kept up'
the institution to the present time.

On the twelfth day of March, 1792, a few persons assembled at
the house of Col. John Goodwin and subscribed a paper in which
they declared that learning tended to enlarge the views and soften
the tempers of mankind ; that it was more profitable and more
pleasant when enjoyed in a social manner, and as social libraries
had been found in other places to serve the cause of learning
and virtue, they were agreed to form such a society in this town-
Each member was to pay eighteen shillings towards the first pur-
chase of books. Only ten paid their tax before the time appointed,,
and in all twent3^-three paid before the end of the year, some hj
turning in, at a fair price, such books as they could contribute-

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY,

17^

The first book mentioned was presented by Mr. Haven, and is
entitled " The Principles of i^atural and Political Law," — a work
then esteemed of great merit. The following titles will show ta
admirers of the ephemeral literature of the present day, what our
fathers considered a substantial nucleus for a public library : —

Butler's Analogy of Natural and Revealed Religion, Foster's Discourses upon
the Principal Branches of Xatural Religion and Social Virtue, Scott's Christian
Life, Morse's Geography, Chesterfield's Principles of Politeness, Goldsmith's Ro-
man History, Robinson's History of Charles V., Voltaire's Charles XII. & Peter
the (ireat, Brydone's Tour, Robinson's America, Tom Jones, etc., etc.

]N^ot one in twenty of those early volumes was in the department
of fiction. The first book presented by an author was " A Com-
pendium of Military Duty," the first of its kind ever published
in this country. This was by Jonathan Rawson, an aid of Gen,
Sullivan, and a lawyer at Dover. The society voted thanks, and
elected him a member of the association.

The list of members on the first book of records evidently in-
cludes many who did not sign at first, as well as some who soon,
dropped out of membership. It is as follows : —

John McDuffee,
Aaron Wingate,
Richard Furber, Jr.,
Joseph Clarke,
Benj'' Odiorne,
John Brown,
David Place,
Daniel McDuffee,
Moses Horn, Ju°^
John McDuffee, 3'',
Daniel Hayes, Jun"",
Beard Plumer,
Jotham Nute,
Hateval Knight,
James How,
Isaac Brown,
Jacob Hanson,
Daniel Dame,
Banabas Palmer,
Ephraim Kimball,
Jacob McDuffee,

Joseph Haven,
Daniel McDuffee, Jun'',
lA William Palmer,
Ephraim Blasdell,
Samuel Palmer,
Paul Dame,
L'. Edward Rollins,
Peter Gushing,
Esther Copps,
Joshua Lane,
Hezekiah Cloutman,
Joshua Harford,
Ephraim Twombly, Jun',
James McDuffee, 3"^,
Daniel Rogers,
Jonathan 5lcDuffee,
Col. Jon*^ Palmer,
John Plumer, Jun"",
Jonas Clark March,
Daniel Hayes, 3'\
Amos Main,

Sam'. Chamberlain, Jun%
Richard Dame,
Wm. W. Blasdell,
Rev''. Robert Gray,
Thomas Bancroft,
Josiah Edgerly,
John Plumer, S'',
John Downs,
Thomas Tash, Jr., Esq'',.
Hannah Rawson,
Thomas Roberts,
Joseph Walker,
Dearborn Jewitt,
Moses L. Neal,
Edward Cole,
Levi Jones,
Moses Roberts, Jun"",
Joseph Hanson,
John Haven,
Polly Bell (Dover),
Daniel McDuffee.

This list includes the most prominent and respectable citizens of
that day, and it is evident from the first, that they felt they had
founded an institution not merely for themselves but for posterity.
During the summer of 1792 the first purchase of books was

180 ROCHESTER.

ordered, and the Rev. Joseph Haven was invited to deliver an
oration before the Society. On the first of October this oration
was delivered, and a copy was solicited for the press. It was
published in the " Rochester Courier," but not until nearly seventy-
five years had passed away, when all who voted at that meeting
were sleeping in their graves. In the introduction he said : —

" We are now assembled in order to open a Social Library in this town ;
and though it may be looked upon as a day of sni ill things, our hopes are raised,
and we expect, with reason, that from a small beginning, happy effects will
follow ; that our society will increase, our library multiply, and literature so
prevail, that this town will rise in honor and usefulness; have a better knowl-
edge of mankind, and the important doctrines of Christianity ; that religion,
virtue, morality, and the arts and sciences will flourish."

He then spoke of the general benefits of literature, as shown
in the history of mankind, tracing the influence of learning from
Chaldea and Egypt through Greece and Rome, the darkness of
the middle ages, the crusades, and the great reformation, to our
own land.

" Even in the wilds of America a seminary of learning was early founded,
and many of note have there received their education, that the old world have
been no less surprised at our knowledge than firmness ; nor have we lacked
men of great abilities to conduct us safely through our struggles with Great
Britain. France for a number of years has been celebrated for the progress
she has made in the arts and sciences ; and the consequence is like to be
liberty, freedom, happiness, and glory. I hasten over other matters to attend
to things that may appear more connected with the designs of this day. When
we take a view of this town from its finst settlement, we shall have little cause
to look for the propagation of the arts and sciences. It was for many years a
frontier town, struggling with poverty and a savage foe; [so] that the people could
attend to but little but their safety and support. Necessity led them into the
habit of neglecting the education of youth, which is not yet conquered or re-
moved. The Amercan war, high taxes, and the distressed situation of the in-
habitants of the town have been looked upon as sufficient excuses for the neglect
of public schools. But now an institution is formed and a library founded,
which we hope will give a greater thirst for knowledge, and tend to promote
literature.

" There are few able to purchase many books of their own, but the common
stock, if our laws are well observed, will soon be sufficient to open a fountain
of knowledge, o£ whose stream we may all freely drink. To do this, for a
small sum each member of the town and others may have free access; and the
more there are come, the larger and more valuable will it be, and will descend
a rich inheritance to our sons and daughters. Enthusiasm seems to fire my
soul, when I consider the usefulness of this library to this and future genera-
tions; when I see those hours now spent in idle diversion or hurtful sports,
laid out in useful studies ; when I behold the long and perhaps tedious winter
evenings rendered pleasant and profitable by reading history, moral and religious
essays, with other instructive writings !

" Will not the ignorant soon see the advantage of our present institution, and
even the covetous think our money well laid out? We may now have an op-

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 181

portunity of soaring above the common country education ! which is to be able
to read the plainest books, to write a legible hand, and to practice in a few
plain rules of arithmetic. With this scanty pittance of learning launch forth
the quack doctor, lawyer, and divine, and puff out their nostrums, law phrases,
and nonsense. But more knowledge will check these pretenders, and bring
forth men of skill, ability, and worth. We have now an opportunity of ob-
taining an acquaintance with mankind, by viewing them in all periods of the
■wo'ld, as well as in different ages and stations of life. Virtue will be set
before us in all its alluring charms ; while vice will be clothed with shame,
and strike with horror and detestation. This will be the case if we have
authors well chosen, and historians who draw characters to the life. Then
shall we behold the characters of great men portrayed in their true colors ;
and in some their virtues and vices will be pretty equally blended together.

"■ Yet most of the ancient heroes of the world will appear no better than arbi-
trary and despotic tyrants, tho' flattery once set their names high in the
catalogue of fame, at the head of which we shall find an Alexander and Caesar,
the one a madman, the other a secret tyrant, ambitiously undermining all laws
and deluging the earth with blood to raise himself to the head of empires.
These with many others once famous in the world, are now sunk into contempt,
and their names will be held in eternal execration. But the names of Wash-
ington, Paine, and De Lafayette will ever be revered and held dear for their
important struggles in favor of the rights of mankind, and their laying the
foundations of freedom, liljerty, peace, and liappiness in America, Europe, and
the world. Here are great talents blended together, and shining in the scholar,
statesman, and soldier. Here we behold what literature and true virtue can do.

" But perhaps we think these characters too high for our imitation ; that like
the eagle in the air they have soared beyond our reach. Yet what is beyond
the reach of virtue, resolution, and perseverance? Was not David (the best
and greatest of Israel's kings) from the shepherd's cot? Was not Cincinnatus,
one of the most celebrated Romans, repeatedly called from the plow and his
little farm to command in the army and senate, and to rescue his country from
ruin and destruction ? Was not our American Cincinnatus, the great Wash-
ington, in like manner called from his farm to command the army, and then
to preside in the senate, again and again to redpem his country from the greatest
dangers and calamities? And ma}' none in the humble, tho' most useful and
lionoruble emjiloyment of agriculture, seek to copy after these great men in
their knowledge, virtues, usefulness, and dignities?

'"■ If we wish to rise in the world, it must be by labor, watchfulness, and
study.

'• While we are diligent in our proper callings, we must spend our vacant mo-
ments in collecting the flowers and fruits of literature. If without knowledge
we rise high in office, shall we not be like the ass in the fable with the trap-
pings of loyalty, witliout skill or ability to fill the station, and therefore be
the sport and ridicule of all ?

" But reading when properly managed, will tend to store the head with useful
knowledge and to mend the heart. And when a good head and heart come
together, the person is fit for posts of honor, trust, and importance ; that with
pleasure we can anticipate the public utility of our library, and hail the day
that has set it open to our view. Cordially we invite others to join, that they
may prepare themselves for office, at present engrossed by a few, because few
only have knowledge sufficient to make a figure in our Congress, courts, or
general assemblies.

"Let our young men now rouse from sloth and inactivity, and emulate the
greatest and best of characters. This can be done not by pride or vanity, but
a humble deportment, and a long and close application to the study of mankind.
Many are ruined by a small tincture of learning, but a flood of pride. Their
vanity keeps them ignorant, and self-importance renders them contemptible. If

182 ROCHESTEK.

■we ever become great or wise, humility will lay the foundation, and diligence,
prudence, and study i-aise the superstructure.

'• Let us not be afraid of a little time and expense, if thereby we can promote
and cultivate useful knowledge. AVe may think hard we have not our share in
government, when the only reason is, we do not prepare ourselves for it. Read-
ing, though it may be hard and tiresome at first, will become easy and pleasant
and fit for the important duties of great men.

" As knowledge increases, our desires after it will become more strong ; but
sloth is the bane of learning, and indeed of every useful calling and employment.
Then let us exert every faculty of the soul to become wise, good, and useful.
And that we may gain knowledge, let us pay a strict attention to our present
institution; seek to support every good regulation, and to increase our stock of
books. And that our children may be benefited by it, we should early and
closely attend to their education; instill into their tender minds a love of knowl-
edge, religion, and virtue. That they may venerate the character of the Deity,
and live in the faith and practice of his holy I'eligion.

" May this society and this institution long flourish and be of great utility,
this town be a seat of the muses, and this land, under the kind auspices of
heaven, rise far superior to all others. May the world now become wise and
better, throw aside the sword and attend to the useful arts and sciences, that
the happy time may be present, when peace, plenty, happiness, and concord
may reign over America, Europe, and the world."

Mr. Haven was always deeply concerned for the moral and
social improvement of his people, and if this idea of a Library
was not first suggested by him, he was certainly one of its earliest
advocates and patrons. He was the first-named grantee of the
charter, and the style of composition of the articles of association
indicates that he was their author. History was a favorite sub-
ject with him, and his discourses made frequent allusions to the
advantages derived from its study. That these advantages might
be within the reach of all, he urged the establishment of this
Social Librarv.

In 1794 the Association was incorporated by the Legislature,
and continued to maintain some degree of life and interest till
1823. At that time there were about four hundred volumes in
the library, but for eleven years following it was sadly neglected.
^o records were kept, and the books were scattered into all parts
of the town. Through the efforts of Charles Dennett and others
an act was passed in 1834 giving the society a new charter. At
the first meeting, Dec, 8, 1834, J. H. Woodman, J. H. Smith,
and Charles Dennett were appointed to collect all books belonging
to the library, and to make out a list of members. This was a
difficult matter as the records failed to show who had paid
assessments. The committee reported the names only of " those
who had taken books within the last ten years," and it was voted

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 183

to remit all fines incurred during that period. The following is
the list : —

Louis McDuffee, Jeremiah H. Woodman, Jonathan H. Henderson,

Heirs of Jonas C. March, Heirs of John Plumer, 3d, James Adams,

Moses Page, Charles Dennett, Levi Haj-es,

Heirs of Nath'l Upham, John H. Smith, Joseph Hanson, Jr.,

James Tebbetts. Samuel Chamberlain, Isaac Jenuess,

Heirs of David Birke, Jr., Ira Fish, Moses Roberts, Jr.

Heirs of Richard Dame, John McDuffee, Jr.,

Moses Hale, Walter B. Knight,

With a • new charter, new by-laws, and a librarian thoroughly
in earnest, new life was imparted to the society, and an interest
was then aroused which has never since wholly died away.
From this time the society has been prosperous, with an increasing
membership, and respectable yearly additions to its library. The
present fee for membership is $5.00, with an annual tax of one
dollar, ]^on-members can use the library by the payment of
11.50 per year. The number of volumes is not far from 2,200,
and about sixty persons avail themselves of their use.

The following is the list of librarians of this society, with the
date of their election : — Joseph Clark, 1792; Joseph Haven, 1797;
Joseph Hanson, 1798 ; Thomas Shannon, 1799, who died in office,
and William Shannon served until another was chosen ; Joseph
Ballard, 1801, who was re-chosen in 1802, but " suddenly ab-
sconded," or " found it inconvenient to continue in said office,"
and Samuel Adams took his place ; Joseph Clark, 1803 ; Andrew
Pierce, 1804 ; Joseph Sherburne, 1805 ; Jeremiah H. Woodman,
1806; Joseph Haven, 1809; Joseph Cross, 1813; John Smith,
1814; David Barker, Jr., 1819, served till 1823. From 1823 to
1834 there is no record. The following were under the new
charter:— :^oah Tebbetts, 1834, died in office 1843; Rufus K.
Pearl, 1843; Daniel J. Parsons, 1844; Cyrus K. Sanborn, 1854;
Henry Kimball, 1869; A. S. Parshley, 1872; Henry Kimball,
1875.

At East Rochester a circulating library containing about 600
volumes was opened May 13, 1885. A free reading-room is con-
nected with it, which is open every afternoon and evening. The
Cocheco Woolen Manufacturino; Co. furnish the rooms warmed
and lighted. The citizens of the village have furnished voluntary
contributions to purchase books and periodicals, and for other

184 ROCHESTER.

expenses. 'Nov. 2, 1886, the town voted $100 " for the use and
benefit of the East Rochester Free Reading-Room and Library."
In no way can towns more wisely expend their money than in
thus furnishing the means for popular improvement.

Some thirty years ago Gonic seems to have made a move to-
wards a library, for " in the winter of 1857-58 the Gonic Library
Association gave a course of four home lectures, and in 1859-60
a course of eight lectures."

In July, 1885, the "Woman's Christian Temperance Union
and Union Mission Band opened a public reading-room in Cocheco
Block at Norway Plains. It has two rooms suitably furnished,
pleasantly situated, and well supplied with newspapers and other
periodicals.

Lyceums or debating societies, with occasional lectures, were at
one time prevalent throughout New England, and were a valu-
able means of education. Rochester was not behind other towns
in this respect. No complete history of those lyceums can now
be given. The first of which we have record was formed in
January, 1839. Richard Kimball was president, Noah Tebbetts
vice-president, John McDutfee, Jr., secretary, and H. C. Hunt,
treasurer. The first question discussed was : — "Is there more
happiness connected with celibacy than the married state?" Dis-
putants, Afi. Louis McDuiFee; Neg. H. C. Hunt. Decided in the
affirmative.

More than twenty years after, in the Fall of 1861, the Roch-
ester Lyceum was reorganized with a new constitution. President,
J. H. Edgerly; vice-president, James M. Palmer; secretary, Frank
McDufl'ee; treasurer, Charles Dennett. Nothing better illustrates
the change of times in twenty-one years than the character of
the first question discussed: — "Would it be right and advisable
to abolish Slavery as a means of ending the "War?" Life had
become a serious matter, and they had no time to spend on ques-
tions designed to aflbrd only amusement. It is altogether probable
that Ij^ceums were organized many other winters than these.
Lecturers were procured from abroad, and there is no doubt
much help was given to those who were then young by taking
part in discussions and listening to valuable lectures.

educational and literary. 185

Rochester Newspapers.*

The first newspaper printed in the town of Rochester was issued
by D. Warren Furber, on Sept. 16, 1858. It was called " The
Rochester Review," and underneath the newspaper head was added
in much smaller type the words : " And Carroll County Adver-
tiser." This additional head was probably due to the fact that
the printing material and two hand-presses, which composed the
office, were purchased at Wolfeborough and removed to Rochester.
They formed the outfit of the old " Carroll County Pioneer," a
newspaper formerly printed in Wolfeborough.

The " Review " was published every Thursday, and purported
to be neutral in politics. It was a 6-column paper (24 columns
in all) about 22x32 inches in size, and its subscription price was
" one dollar a year in advance, or §1.25 at the end of the year."
In his introductory in the first issue " To the Public," the pub-
lisher said, among other things : —

"... We have looked over the gi-ound with some care, and calculated the
results with what little of judgment we may possess, and have arrived at the
conclusion, that with the unusual business facilities with which this town is
favored, together with the manifest disposition on the part of our citizens to
increase business in this town, as well as the fact that this community is noted
for wealth and intelligence, — all these are favorable to the success of a news-
paper. . . . Without further remarks we launch upon the broad tide of popular
favor, and await the verdict of the public."

Its motto under the editorial head was : — " Encourage Your
Own," and the paper met with fair success for two years, its ad-
vertising columns being patronized by many of the local store-
keepers. Under a more thrifty and energetic management, it
would doubtless have been continued until this time.

Mr. Furber, the publisher of the " Review," was comparatively
a young man when he started the paper, being about twenty-
three years of age. He had learned the printing business in the
Great Falls "Sketcher and Journal" office, under James T. Furber,
its proprietor then, and the same who is now the general manager
of the Boston & Maine Railroad. Furber (D. Warren) after leaving
Great Falls, had been employed at his trade in Dover, 'N. H.,
and in Lawrence, Mass. He was the son of Benjamin Furber,
who formerly lived at Gonic, and afterwards at Great Falls.

*The rest of this chapter is from the hand of J. F. Place, Esq.
13

186 ROCHESTER.

"While lie was a pretty good printer, he gave but little attention
to his newspaper, and it drifted along not possessing that hold on
the community due to local interest and influence.

Furber had in his employ a part of the time, James Jasper
Henderson, and two boys, — Russell B. Wentworth, and Charles
S. Giles, afterward superintendent of the I^orway Plains Manu-
facturing Company. Henderson did most of the editorial work
on the paper, usually " setting up " at the case such " items " as
he picked up, without bothering to prepare " copy." He had
just before then published a paper himself at Great Falls, and has
since been connected with most of the newspaper offices of Roch-
ester, Great Falls, and Dover, where he has been familiarly
known to the craft for nearly fifty years as "Jim." Mr. Hen-
derson still resides in Rochester, on his farm on the Gonic-hill
road, where he has lived for nearly forty years.

The " Review " printing-office was in the second story of what
was known as Cole's building, — a brick building on Main street,
opposite the Methodist Church. The last issue of the paper was
Sept. 6, 1860. The presses and type were taken to Great
Falls where Furber changed the name of the paper to " The Xew
Hampshire Review," but it was soon discontinued altogether.
Furber, who never afterwards engaged in the newspaper business,
died in Boston in 1886, and was buried in Great Falls. A com-
plete tile of the paper for the two years while published in Roch-
ester, is in possession of the Rochester Social Library.

For a short time in 1859-60 John H. Fuller published a small
monthly sheet, called the " Workman's Protest," which was printed
in the " Review" office. It was not intended as a local newspaper,
but 'purported to advocate the interests of journeymen shoemakers.
Its circulation was very small, and it was soon discontinued.

The first number of the " Rochester Courier" was issued on
Jan. 22, 1864, by J. Frank Place. The paper was a six-column
sheet, 22x32 inches in size: the present size of the paper is 27X-10,
with eight columns to the page. It has been published continuously
every Friday since the first issue. Mr. Place was a native of
Gonic.^a great-grandson of Capt. David Place, and, at the time of
starting^the paper, twenty-seven years old. He had learned the

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 187

printing business in the office of tlie " Lawrence (Mass.) Courier,"
and had subsequently engaged in the publication of the "Daily
Journal" in Lawrence, in company with C. A. Dockham, now
of Boston. In settlement with his partner he had become possessed
of a lot of type and printing material, which he shipped to Roch-
ester, and ^vith about $300 in money bought a Washington hand
press and sufficient new type, etc., to get out the paper and do a fair
amount of job work.

The printing office was on the second floor of W. B. K. Hodg-
don's building, next to the Great Falls & Conway R. R. depot —
about where the easterly platform of the present union depot now
stands. The Hodgdon building was cut in two some years ago,
and one part removed to Portland street for a dwelling house ; the
other part is now used as a storehouse at Meserve's planing mill.

Mr. Place canvassed for the paper, and issued a prospectus, a
reduced fac-simile of which is given on the follo^^dng page. The
names appended to the card were in fact the original local sub-
scribers to the " Courier." To this list was added after the first
issue, a large number until between five and six hundred were
obtained.

The editorial articles were mostly written by Mr. Place. John
D. Lyman, then cashier of the Farmingtou Bank, contributed weekly
" locals " and an occasional editorial of general interest. The edi-
tion of the paper circulated in Farmiugton was called the " Farm-
in^ton Advertiser " — hence the change over the editorial head in
after years to " Courier & Advertiser." Benj. Barnes, Jr., of Dover
furnished an occasional letter, while others furnished items from
surrounding towns. Frank McDufliee and J. H. Ela (who was
afterward elected Representative to Congress) contributed largely to
its columns from time to time, and the " Sketches," out of which
the present History has been developed, first appeared in the
" Courier," and attracted much attention.

The paper was set up by two girls and a boy, with the assistance
in busy seasons of J. J. Henderson. The paper had considerable
" snap " and doubtless made for its editor many warm friends and
some bitter enemies. During the presidential campaign in the fall
of 1864, the " Courier " took a strong stand in favor of the second
election of Lincoln, and in consequence the McClellan Club passed
resolutions condemning its course and withdrawing all support from

188

ROCHESTER.

or THE "

ESfER W1EK£,T GOWlllR

The undersigned proposes lo commence the publication io Rochester on the 1st of January next of a weekly
newspaper, if sufficieiU encouragemenl us obtained in the i«m/ of suUcriplions and adcerlising patronage, bearing the
above caption, and to bo issued every Friday evening.

The need of a local journal in Kochestcr is perhaps questionable with a few ; but the undersigned docs not
purpose here to discuss the question, knowing as he docs the value and influence to every community of its local'
paper, and he feels assured that, with the experience of the past three years in connection with the daily and tri-
weekly Press and the Vriiiting bijsiness, and with energy of purpose and an undivided attention to the daily wants
of the public, a weekly newspaper can be established in which every citizen of Kochestcr and its neighboring
precincts will feel that he has a special iiiterest — one which can bo well sustained, and which will prove a credit
to the publisher, give reputation to the place, and b« a source of gratification and profit to all parties.

The paper will be neatly gotten up, and will be about "22 by 27 inches, containing twelve and often fuuiteen of
the twenty columns of interesting locals, choice selected reading, latest news, etc., etc. Corrcspo'idents have
been engaged in the neighboring towns to give the columns of Ihe Courier the first benefit of snch items and
daily affairs of a public character as may transpire in the county, and this in connection with the Editor's own ex-
clusive attention to the local interest of its columns, it is confidently believed will make the paper an interesting,
readable and popular one. It will be the aim of the publisher to make The Courier a high-toned and good local
journal. Politically the paper will be perfectly though loyally independent (not neutral), — acting with and advo-
cating the claims of no particular sect, creed nor party ; communications upon all subjects that divide public
opinion will be welcomed, but political controversies will not be suffered in its columns under any consideration.

' The undersigned enters upon the undertaking knowing well the care, labor and responsibility attending tho
publication of even a weekly paper ; and he trubts the public will see the value and importance of the enterprise
to them, and will cheerfully render him the patronage necessary for its success.

The Courier will be delivered to village subscribers, and mailed to others, at one dollar a. I a half per year,
payable promptly ia advance,! or duuDgijhelirBt looDth of publication. ®" Your patronager ig solicited.'

J, F. I>I_.A-CE.

RoeUetter, M. U., Nov. 1 803.

ww^^wwww^^^

^r^vww^^^r^T^r^^'^w^^'^F^tw^^'v^^^^^^^

To the Pablic.

The undersigned. Citizens of Rochester and vicinity, take pleasure in heartily recommending and co-opcrating
\n the Proposition contained in the foregoing Prospectus, knowing well the value and infiuence of a good jocul
journal ; and they feel proud furthermore to add their most hearty encouragement to the eflbrts of the Projector
of the enterprise, Mr. Place, who comes to Rochester (his native place) with the highest recommendatioDs fron^
the leading citizens of Lawrence; where he has been connected as local editor and associate proprietor of the
daily press of that city for the past three years. His experience iu this respect and in the Printing business
commends itself to the Public, and they trust the generous and universal support which the enterprise deserves,
and which is necessary to the esUblishment of a good country paper, will b? heartily and promptly extco^ed bj?
their fellow citizens of whatever political or rcligiooe creed by at least a general and large local sub6eri|)U9n Vt»
•\hc Courier. ^

Chas. S. Wliitehnnse,
.Tames D. Kdgerly,
Thos. C. Davis.
John McDufToe.
Walter B. K. Ilodgdon,"
William J. Roberts, •
C. K. ^'anborn,
Ceo. X Neal.
William C. Pcmald.
K. J. Malhes,
(>oo. C Pinkham,
John V: Mason,
Jonathan T. Dodge,
Charles K. Chase,
Thos. Brown,
Kev. 0. Holman,
John Hall.
N. V. Whitehousc,
F. B. Moore,
Frankliu McD.uffce,
Charles Hendcrsoa,

N. T. Kimball,
Jonathan Weotwortb,
David Leg^.
Ur. D. Fi»88.
Jas H. Place.
Isaac Weutwurtb,
Geo. B. Roberta,
Silas Wentworth,
J. Edwin Cbesley,
Alv&b M. Kimball.
Silas J. Wentworth.
Nicholas R. Yamey,
Wm K Kimball,
William Rand,
Wataon Bay<>8,
Stephen D Weotworth,
John P. Torr,
S. H. Feinemaa & Bro.,
Francis Orr.
Jacob B. Ela,
Beoj. Barker,

Micajah H. Wentworth,
E. 0. & B. Wallace, .
J D. Kvans,
E K. WbitehoDse,
J. R. Marshall,
Henry Nye,
J. H. Fuller,
J. S Warren,
Charles Dennett,
Dr. Jas. Farrington, •
M. H. Scavey & Cp
Dominicus Hanson,
Rev. W. T Smith,

'Daniel McDuffec,
Geo. Corson,
Rev. J. M. Palmer,

, Enoch Whitehouse,
John Manson,
Dr. M. B. VVarreD,
Levi aicader.

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 189

the paper. Mr. Place regretted afterward the 'personalities growing
out of this afiair, but by this united action of the leading Democrats
of the town the " Courier " lost very considerable of its business,
and had it not been for a largely increased circulation among Repub-
licans it is doubtful if the paper could have been continued. In the
election of a member of Congress in March, 1865, a " bolt " was
organized against the Republican candidacy of Gen. Gilman Mars-
ton — the bolters being largely among the "Courier's" principal
patrons. The " Courier " supported Marston, however, with a good
deal of spirit, and this caused the paper to lose ground again, and
that among the strongest friends it had made when the McClellan
Club tabooed it.

In 1865 an active temperance movement was started in Rochester.
Union meetings were held by the two principal churches. Citizens'
meetings were also held, and lecturers obtained from abroad. In
addition, one or two special town meetings were called to consider
the matter. One of the results was the guaranteeing of a good
fund by subscription to close up the liquor saloons, and the appoint-
ment of a citizens' prosecuting committee consisting of Frank
McDuffee, Robert Mcllroy, Charles K. Chase, Charles W. Brown,
and J. F. Place. Any one now living who remembers the time
will doubtless remember that that committee was very active in its
work, and that it was pretty eifectual. The " Courier " took a hand
in this work, and supported the movement heartily, and of course
came in for a good share of abuse. The paper, however, continued
to thrive ; its independence now counted in its favor ; and in spite
of a libel suit in 1866, the vicissitudes of politics and the constant
opposition and hatred of the saloons, it paid a comfortable income.

Mr. Place sold the "Courier" and job printing oifice May 31,
1867, to George C. Foster of Acworth, K H. Mr. Foster a few
months afterwards sold half of the establishment to Charles W.
Folsom, who on Oct. 1, 1868, bought his partner's remaining half
interest.

Mr. Folsom " was born under the shadow^ of Mt. Chocorua, the
only mountain in ]S^ew Hampshire that has a legend, but came to
Rochester when less than a year old." He received an academic
education at West Lebanon, Me. His father, David J. Folsom, was
one of" the thirteen who signed the original 'Hale' call, when John
P. Hale came out of the Democratic ranks and formed the Free Soil
party of JSTew Hampshire."

190 ROCHESTER.

Mr. Folsom continued editor and proprietor of the "Courier"
for nearly eighteen years. His special forte was local news, and he
made his paper in that respect one of the best in ISTew England.
Edwin E. Small at Farmington, Charles E. Drayton at Gonic, and
Miss Addie Cowell of Lebanon, Me., were the local correspondents
for a long time. Edward F. Ricker was assistant in the office for
several years; afterwards Thomas C. Hennem had charge of the
office, where he still remains.

In 1871 the office was removed from the Dodge " Bank building"
(so called, next to Dodge's Hotel) to the second floor of D. Hanson's
building on Central Square, corner of Hanson's street, where it
now is. The paper was enlarged to a seven-column paper in 1870.
A Fairhaven cylinder power press was put in in 1872, and soon
after a steam engine. In 1878 the paper was [again enlarged to its
present size — eight columns to a page. The " Courier " during
Mr. Folsom's management was invariably on the moral side of every
question. Mr. Folsom twice represented the town in the Legislature,
and was a member of the State Senate in 1883, where he introduced
and advocated earnestly the passage of the bill providing for the
compulsory teaching in the public schools of the efl:ect of the use of
narcotics on the human system.

Mr. Folsom sold the " Courier " and its printing office Dec. 4,
1885, to Dr. I. "W. Lougee, for |3,500. Dr. Lougee still conducts
the paper, which maintains its reputation for local news, so well
earned under Mr. Folsom's management.

The first number of the " Anti-Monopolist," a greenback news-
paper, so called, was issued Oct. 19, 1878, by George G. Berry & Co.
— a politician named Moses Hull being the " Co." Hull did the
editorial work, and Berry the mechanical work and looked after the
" locals."

Hull, prior to this, owned a small printing office in Boston, and
Berry had been carrying on a job printing office for several years in
Rochester — his office being in the Ela building on Market street.
Hull's materials were moved from Boston, and the two combined
formed the " Anti-Monopolist " office, which was located in Mc-
Duffee block. In a few months after the paper was started, Hull
retired and turned over his interest in the concern to his brother,
Dr. D. W. Hull of Michigan. In August, 1881, Dr. Hull sold his
interest to Mr. Berry, and Frank H. Berry (son of George G.) was

EDUCATIONAL AND LITERARY. 191

then taken into partnership, and the paper has since then been pub-
lished by Geo. G. Berry & Son. Mr. Berry, senior, died Oct. 25,
1885. He was a native of iTorth Straiibrd, and above forty-five
years of age at time of his death.

The " greenback party " was made up from that extreme wing of
the Democratic party known as "soft money" Democrats, who
favored the payment of all government bonds and obligations in
paj)er money, or United States paper currency, bearing no interest
and not redeemable in coin. The "Anti-Monopolist" was started
to represent and advocate the opinions of that political class. The
paper has also given considerable attention to local news. It has
been much improved in this respect, and as a newspaper of general
interest, since Mr. F. H. Berry has conducted it.

It is issued every Saturday, its subscription price being one dollar
a year. The paper has been twice enlarged, and is now an eight-
column newspaper, 26x39 inches in size. For the first three years
it was printed in the "Courier" office, afterwards in McDuftee
block on a Washington hand press. The ofiice is now in "Went-
worth block, on the second floor, and the paper is printed on a
"Whitlock cylinder press, run by steam power.

In May, 1884, the Union Mission Band commenced the publication
of a small monthly paper called " Missionary Echoes," 13x22 in
size. It was edited by Mrs. J. G. Harvey, the president of the
organization, and was printed in the " Courier" office. Its object
in the main was to raise funds for the establishment of a public
Beading Room. The paper was continued for a year, and the pro-
ceeds turned over to the Women's Christian Temperance Union,
and used for the above purpose. It was a very creditable work by
the young ladies of the " Band," and the editing by Mrs. Harvey
compared favorably with much more pretentious publications.

A weekly newspaper called the " Rochester Leader " was started
Dec. 2, 1885, by H. L. Cate and Irving E. Home, under the firm
name of Cate & Home. Home soon after retired, and the paper
has since been published by Mr. Cate. It is an advocate of the
labor interest. Mr. Cate is a native of Reading, Mass., and was
twenty-seven years old when the "Leader" was first issued. He
learned the printing business under Mr. Folsom in the " Courier "
office, where he served for ten 3'ears. »

192 ROCHESTER.

The " Leader" is 26x40 inches in size, and the subscription price
is $1.25 per year. It is printed in the " Anti-Monopohst " office in
Wentworth block on Main street.

The newspaper business of Rochester has one peculiar feature — it
has been largely conducted by native talent. Both Furber and Place
— the first the pioneer of the " Review," and the latter the founder
of the "Courier" — were born in Gonic, and went to the district
school in that village. Henderson was a native of Rochester, and
learned his trade with S. J. Varney, another " Rochester boy," who
was at that time publishing the " Gazette," at Methuen Falls, Mass.
Mr. Varnev learned his trade in the " Dover Gazette " office, and
thus o;ave the name " Gazette " to his new venture at Methuen.
This was years before the great manufacturing city of Lawrence
was thought of, which has since grown almost around the little
village at Methuen Falls, and was before Mr. Place was born, who
a quarter century later learned the business in the " Lawrence
Courier " office, about a mile or so from Methuen, and afterward
gave the name " Courier " to his individual enterprise at Rochester.
Mr. Yarney after leaving Methuen established the " Vox Populi "
at Lowell, which is still continued by some of his family. Mr. Fol-
6om who conducted the " Courier " for eighteen j-ears, was raised
" above the bridge," as that part of Rochester village is still known.
The Berrys of the " Anti-Monopolist," both father and son, were
born close to the Rochester line.

Among others who have been identified with the business, may be
mentioned J. T. S. Libby, for many years connected with the "Dover
Enquirer," who was born in Rochester. Hon. J. H. Ela, so long
a resident of Rochester, and a native of the town, learned the print-
ing business in Concord, and did eminent service on the "Herald of
Freedom," in molding public opinion which finally resulted in the
formation of the Republican party and the overthrow of slavery.
Edwin A. Fernald now of the " Detroit Tribune," and George E.
Place, a Directory publisher in Los Angeles, Cal., are both jnoieges
of the " Courier " office, and natives of Rochester. Mr. Fernald
was the founder, and for several years publisher, of the " Great
Falls Journal."

CHAPTER XI.

EOCHESTER IN THE REBELLION.

" Hark ! I hear the tramp of thousands,
Aud of armed men the hum;
Lo ! a nation's hosts have gathered
Round the quick-alarming drum —
Saying ' Come,
Freemen, come !
Ere your heritage be wasted,' said the quick-alarming drum.

• • • • • •

And they answered, hoping, fearing,
Some in faith, and doubting some,
Till a trumpet-voice proclaiming,
Said, ' My chosen people, come !'
Then the drum
Lo ! was dumb;
For the great heart of the nation, throbbing, answered, ' Lord, we come !' "

The election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency in 1860
was regarded by the South as threatening to their interests in
the triumph of freedom over slavery. They therefore proceeded
to execute the threat of dissolution which they had so long bran-
dished over the terrified politicians of the IsTorth. The passage of
ordinances of secession, the establishment of the Confederacy, the
resignation of Southern officers in the L'nited States naval, mil-
itary, and civil service, the Peace Congress, the various compro-
mises proposed and rejected or abandoned, the warlike attitude
hastily and angrily assumed by the South, the gathering of troops
at Charleston, the hesitation of the government, the bombardment
and capture of Sumter by which war was fairly inaugurated, are
now familiar events in the general history of our country. In
them Rochester took her due proportion of interest, and manifested
her full share of political and patriotic ardor. At the presidential
election this town had cast 376 votes for Lincoln, 268 for Douglas,
and 22 for Breckenridge. Thus the party which had elected
Lincoln was strong here at the beginning of the crisis, and when

194 ROCHESTER.

war actually burst upon the land, and the question became one
of maintaining the government against its deadly enemies, party
differences were for the time laid aside, and all were of one heart
and soul. Who that was then living has forgotten those early
days in the war? the wild excitement when news reached us that
Beauregard had opened his batteries, and each mail for two days
told us that the brave Anderson still held the fort ? Hopes were
raised only to be blasted with consternation when the little band
of 70 surrendered at last to 7000. Then still more thoroughly
were the people aroused at the President's call for 75,000 troops.
And as news came of hundreds of thousands of men with money
and munitions of war quickly ofiered to sustain the government,
daily and hourly the excitement grew. The riot at Baltimore,
the telegraph cut, the first bloodshed, made the people wild with
patriotic frenzy. The present generation cannot understand it.
But who then living has forgotten that terrible Sunday? As if
the truth itself were not bad enough, the air was filled with most
astounding rumors from the telegraph office at Great Falls, whence
couriers were continually arriving. " Baltimore on fire." " The
city shelled from Fort McHenry." " Gen. Butler shot dead on
the street." Then the people were ready to believe anything.
But after a while telegrams became a by-word of untruthfulness,
to be received with distrust, or like dreams to be interpreted by
contraries.

In this crisis what was Rochester doing? "When the battle of
Lexington opened the revolution ninety years before, the energy
and alacrity of Rochester in raising and forwarding volunteers
calls forth our admiration. Did the spirit of the fathers still
survive ? Our record shows no diminution of patriotism or zeal.
Immediate steps were taken to raise volunteers. But some could
not be persuaded to wait a single day. A young man at Gonic,
named Joseph D. Home, upon learning the fall of Sumter,
started the same afternoon for Lawrence, Mass., ^vhere he volun-
teered to fill a vacancy in the 6th Regiment, which started early
the next morning for Washington. In the Baltimore fight a
comrade (i^eedham) fell by his side. This was the first full regi-
ment that reached the capital, and Rochester was honored with
a worthy representative. Home proved himself a brave soldier
and died in the service of his country.

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 195

On reception of the President's proclamation a public meeting
was at once summoned at the town hall. The call for this meeting
was signed by a large number of the leading citizens without
distinction of party. A reduced fac-simile of this call is seen on
the following page. At the appointed hour the hall was crowded.
The meeting was called to order by Jacob H. Ela. James H.
Edgerly was called to preside, with a list of vice-presidents and
secretaries chosen alternately from each political party. The fol-
lowing resolutions, presented by Mr. Ela, breathe the same spirit
of lofty patriotism which pervaded those passed at the dawn of
the revolution. (Page 52.)

" Whereas, after numerous acts of war upon the government, which if perpe-
trated by a foreign power would have been promptly redressed, and after for-
bearance which would be characterized as imbecility, war exists and has been
wantonly urged against the government and its authority, and upon principles
which lead to anarchy and despotism, therefore

" Resolved, that we will sustain the administration in the most vigorous prose-
cution of all the means necessary for maintaining the authority of the gov-
ernment, protecting the public property, and maintaining the honor of the na-
tional flag.

" Resolved, that the Selectmen be requested forthwith to call a town meeting
for the purpose of appropriating and authorizing the Selectmen, or a committee
of citizens, to use at their discretion such sums as may be necessary, not ex-
ceeding two thousand dollars, for the purpose of securing the pay of all such
persons as may volunteer, until otherwise provided for, and for the benefit of
such families as may need it.

" Resolved, that a committee of five be appointed to receive the names of vol-
unteers, and make such arrangements as may be necessary to secure prompt
compliance with the requisition of the government."

These resolutions drew out eloquent and patriotic speeches from
many citizens. A few thought that since the banks had made
liberal oflers of loans for war purposes, it was not necessary to
call a town meeting at once, and proposed an amendment to the
effect that a committee be appointed to have a town meeting
called if it should prove necessary. The people, however, were
in no mood for delay, and promptly voted down the proposed
amendment. The resolutions were then adopted with unanimous
enthusiasm. The firing of a cannon was agreed upon as a signal
to summon the people to the town hall, and from this time spir-
ited meetings were held nearly every week. Men of both parties
from this and other towns addressed these meetings in the most
fervent manner, making earnest speeches upon the duty of sus-
taining the government. At one meeting IT. V. "VVhitehouse

196

ROCHESTER.

PUBLIC

^^m^^liMmMf^^^^

Fellow Citizens !

The time has come wheu by the

bombardment ot its Forts and organized resii^tancc to its anthuritj — War

exists against a Gorernment which has conferred onlj benefits. 1>'he President calls upoa
the country for aid. to maintain that Government and its authority. In this. trial hour which
tests our capacity for self government — when an armed conflict is upon us — political differ-
ences should give 77ay to patriotism, and all who reco;;nize the ballot box as tbe rightful
means of revolution in a Free Governroent---who prize the blessings of Liberty over usur-
pation and anarchy-»should unite together to sustain the Government All citizens anima-
ted by such a purpose, are inTited to meet at the

Town Hall

In RocliBStBr, Thursday EvGning, April IStb,

to take such action as they may deem proper.

WATSON HAYES,
NICHOLAS R. VARNEY,
BEXJA HOBBS,
CHARLES K. CHASE,
JOHN M ANSON,
IRA DOE,
DAVID AUSTIN,
JOHN STOTT.
J. WESLEY HORNE,
W. K. KLMBALL,
S. D. WENTWORTB,
JOSIAH B. KIMBALL,
JOHN FOLSOM,
JOHN W. SANBORN,
JOHN CORSON,
SAMUEL JELERSON,
E. J. MATHES,
E. L. GLIDDEN,
DAVID J. SANBORN,

BENJA BARKER,

DANIEL McDUFFEE,

F. McDUFFEE,

JOHN LEGRO,

J N WILKINSON,

J O H0W.4RD,

R McDUFFEE, JR

B FLETCHER,

T C DAVIS

J FARRINGTON,

JACOB H ELA,

JAMES H EDGERLY,

EDWLN WALLACE.

E G WALLACE,

J WENTWORTH,

T BROWN,

S H FEINEMAN,

GEO F GUPPY,

F FEINEMAN.

SIMON CHASE,
GEO B ROBERTS,
M H WENTWORTH,
WALTER B K HODGDON,
CHAS E BLACKMAR,
CH.4S W FOLSOM,
HARRISON H.4Lf7,
J D PILLSBURY,
3 ABET. D.4ME,
EPHB^IM H.^MMETT,
DXVID J FOLSOM,
J D EV^NS,
JOHN McDUFFEE,
G D PLUMEft.
SIL.4S HUSSEY je,
OH^IS DENNETT,
REU^flEN TILTON,
THOS S HUSSEY,
CHAS HENDEitSON..

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 197

displayed a piece of a rebel flag which he had obtained in Boston,
and offered to give a bounty of twenty dollars each to the first
five who would enlist from Rochester. The highest degree of
enthusiasm prevailed. Processions marched through the streets
to the stirring sound of fife and drum, frequently meeting other
processions coming in from diflferent parts of the town. A com-
mittee was appointed to present each Rochester volunteer with a
revolver, and to furnish such personal comforts as might be needed.
It was voted to revive the Rochester Phalanx as a company of
minute men if called for. April 30th a committee of women
was appointed to provide each man with two fiannel shirts, two
pairs of woolen drawers, two pairs of woolen stockings, and a
supply of handkerchiefs, towels, etc. Mrs. Anna Hanson, in her
94th year, offered her services and made up half-a-dozen shirts.
Her memory of the revolution doubtless increased her patriotic
zeal. In a very few days the above-named articles were furnished
to our soldiers then about leaving Dover. Meanwhile young men
were continually enrolling themselves. The first volunteers enlisted
at Dover, and went daily to that place for drill, receiving free
passage on the railroad.

When the call for 75,000 troops was first received, and one
regiment assigned to 'New Hampshire, it was thought that our
town's proportion would be eight or ten, and the question was
often asked, Who will go? War was a new thing, and though
there was much enthusiasm and people loved the old flag, yet
visions of battle, blood, and death would intrude themselves.
Who would go ? The question was speedily answered. It was
no longer asked what our proportion was, but men pressed in so
rapidly that the first regiment was organized and sent forward
leaving many enlisted men behind who saw no service. The
first legal action of the town was on May 11th, when three
thousand dollars was appropriated to procure whatever was needed
for the comfort and safety of the soldiers and for the support of
their families during their absence. The selectmen were instructed
to pay for the revolvers presented to the first twenty volunteers,
and to provide all necessary articles of clothing. J. H. Edgerly,
Richard Cross, and C. K. Chase were appointed to distribute
what sums should be needed for the support of soldiers' families.
The people largely shared in the sanguine expectations of Secre-

198 ROCHESTER.

tary Seward, that thirty, sixty, iiiuety days, or at most a few
months would suffice to crush the rebellion. These hopes were
very soon blasted, and it is no wonder that some few began to
falter. The flush of the first glorious excitement had passed.
Such as had more emotion than sturdy principle proved recreant
when brought face to face with continued sacrifices and persistent
struggles. But these were comparatively few. The people as a
whole in Rochester stood loyally and magnificently by the old flag.
They were ready to do and to sufter all that the heroes of '76
had done and endured for their country. The second battle of
Bull Run had taught both government and people that they had
no holiday task before them. Volunteers again pressed forward
in larger numbers than before. During August about forty, and
in September many more Rochester recruits hastened to the field.
And their enthusiastic support at home was by no means lacking.
The Sanitary Commission had now become thoroughly organized
for its beneficent work, and the women of Rochester were sending
frequent supplies for the comfort of their brave volunteers, and
the necessities of the sick and wounded.

At the annual town meeting, March 11, 1862,

" Voted that the Selectmen be authorized to hire §5000 to furnish necessary
aid to wives, children, or parents of volunteers in service from Rochester, and
that the aid rendered families shall be to the extent which with their own
reasonable efforts shall maintain them in comfortable circumstances."

"With such noble and loyal support of the citizens at home, no
wonder patriotic young men were ready to march to their coun-
try's defence.

In June four soldiers returned wounded at the battle of Fair
Oaks : — Stephen D. Avery who had been shot through the body
and taken up for dead, Charles H. Bliss badly wounded in breast
and thigh, Charles W. Oilman whose right thumb had been shot
off", and James W. Blaisdell who had lost his right fore-finger in
the same way. Every such return helped to stimulate and con-
firm the determination of the people. In a few days came the
President's call for 300,000 more three years' men, followed a
month later by the call for the same number of nine months'
men. If there were less of outward excitement and noisy demon-
stration than a year before, the people were more deeply aroused,

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 199

and more tlioroiighly imbued with a firm-set purpose to conquer
the rebellion at whatever cost. N'. Y. Whitehouse offered ^100
to be di\'ided among the first twenty who should enlist. Enthu-
siastic war meetings were now occurring daily all over the state.
Scarcely a week passed without a crowded meeting at our town
hall, many not being able to get in. Stirring speeches were made
by men of both political parties from this and neighboring towns.
At one meeting thirty enlistments were made, and at every gath-
ering rousing and repeated cheers for the Union testified to the de-
termined loyalty of the people. The women were actively engaged
in making lint, bandages, etc., and soliciting funds from every
quarter with great success, for " none could withstand their ap-
peals." The last week in July they sent two large boxes to the
Sanitary Commission. The " Dover Enquirer " for Aug. 14, con-
tained the following item : —

" Forty-seven recruits from Rochester went up [that is to Concord] Monday
for the 9th N. H. Capt. C. W. Edgerly raised in a short time thirty-five young
men, some of the best in town, some of whom never used intoxicating drink,
and not even tobacco."

By this time the ranks of young men were becoming depleted,
volunteering flagged, prices for substitutes began to advance, and
the government ordered a draft to begin Sept. 15. This was
deferred, however, for nearly a year. Two special town meetings
were held in August, at which §200 bounty was voted to each
volunteer, and the selectmen were instructed to hire $8000 for
this purpose. Samuel Jones, Daniel McDutFee, Daniel Young,
Charles Chisholm, and Rufus Clark were appointed a committee
to assist in raising volunteers. The prospect of a draft roused
the people to still deeper earnestness. The 9th of September was
devoted to a military drill of the citizens at large, all the mills
and places of business being closed, and the evening was spent
in speech-making and other patriotic demonstrations.

September 22d, the President's preliminary proclamation of
Emancipation was issued, and three days later the citizens of
Rochester met to express their views on the subject. J. D. Sturte-
vant was chosen to preside. Resolutions introduced by J. H. Ela
were adopted by an almost unanimous vote. They declared that

" with profound satisfaction we hail the proclamation as a measure calculated
to cripple the rebellion, defeat the intrigues of foreign intervention, and bring

200 ROCHESTER.

the war to a speedy and triumphant close, and that these and all other consti-
tutional measures meet our approval, and we pledge the President our hearty
support," etc.

The meeting was largely attended, harmonious, and enthusiastic,
though not so crowded as previous war meetings.

October 25th valuable swords and sashes were presented by the
citizens to Capt. G. E. Pinkham, and Lieuts. A. M. Kimball and
L. F. Place. Charles S. Whitehouse presided, and spoke of the
ready liberality of the citizens in presenting swords, not only at
this time but previously to Capt. C. W. Edgerly, and Lieuts.
Henry W. Locke and Samuel F, Varney, saying that Rochester
had done her duty nobly and was willing to do it till the Stars
and Stripes should wave in peace over the whole country.
Cyrus K. Sanborn eulogized the zeal and energy of Capt. Pink-
ham in encouraging men to enlist and now going himself with
the confidence and respect of his men, and the best -wishes of his
fellow citizens. He said that Lieuts. Kimball and Place had
already done honor to the town ; leaving home a year ago as
Sergeants, their faithfulness, courage, and ability had won their
present position. Presenting the swords in behalf of the citizens
he said he committed them to good hands of loyal men who had
taken them in defense of a righteous cause, and hoped the splen-
did gifts would inspire them with renewed exertions in crushing
out the wicked rebellion. The recipients responded in fitting
words amid repeated applause.

Aug. 19, 1863, the town voted $300 bounty to each drafted
man or substitute, to be paid ten days after being mustered in,
and the same aid to families of drafted men as heretofore to
families of volunteers, and the selectmen were authorized to hire
$30,000 for that purpose. December 5, another $30,000 was voted
to be employed in the same way. In August the long-deferred
draft took place at Portsmouth. Rochester reported 322 liable to
military service, out of whom 97 were drawn. Only three of
these, Henry Grant, George F. Guppy, and Ichabod "Worster
entered the service. Two, Otis Header and John C. Shorey,
paid the commutation fee of $300. Twenty-six procured substi-
tutes. The remaining sixty-six were rejected for disability, or
declared legally exempt for family reasons.

The war " dragged its slow length along " far beyond the ex-

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 201

pectations of any. But through mingled successes aud defeats
the courageous heart of the people did not falter, nor their deter-
mined purpose waver. They still pressed on confident of final
victory. In February, 1864, the town voted 85,000 to re-imburse
drafted men who, in order to obtain substitutes, had been obliged
to pay sums in excess of the town bounty. In March it was
voted to give those who had served two years without bounty
the same amount that had since been o-iven to others.

At different meetings during the remainder of this year $72,000
was voted for bounties. In July Wm. J. Roberts, B. L. E. Gowen,
and John Legro were chosen to act with the selectmen in pro-
curing volunteers, and §300 was voted to each enrolled citizen
who should furnish a substitute.

This steady, faithful work for the cause was accompanied with
stirring manifestations of patriotic enthusiasm. " The glorious
fourth" was observed at Rochester in 1864 by a fitting celebra-
tion. The following account is condensed from the "Rochester
Courier " of that week. In the early morn the bells were rung,
and a N'ational salute w^as fired at sunrise. Soon after eight
o'clock a procession, under command of Judge Edgerly, marched
by the old Academy building, up Main and Wakefield streets,
through Cross street, up Market street above the bridge, returning
through Market and Main streets down past the cemetery to
Willey's Grove. It was escorted by a platoon of returned soldiers
under Lieut. S. F. Varnev, bearinu' the tiao; of the 15th N. H.
Volunteers, tattered and torn as when carried in the assault on
Port Hudson. iSIext came Great Falls Cornet Band, followed by
the oflicers and speakers of the day with invited guests, Humane
Lodge of Masons, the Methodist and Congregational Sabbath
Schools, Motolinia Lodge of Odd Fellows, and a large cortege of
carriages and citizens generally. This procession was nearly half
a mile long, and was flanked and followed by a very large
number of townspeople and strangers. Ebenezer G. Wallace
presided on the occasion. After prayer by Rev. S. Holman, the
vast assemblage joined in singing " America." Mr. Wallace made
some timely remarks alluding to former celebrations, and giving
a very practical view of the war and of our duty of meeting the
issues here at home in order to sustain it. Col. C. S. Whitehouse
then read the Declaration of Independence, and the band played

202 EOCHESTER.

"Hail Columbia." The orator of the day was Franklin McDuftee^
who spoke substantially as follows : — *

" This is a day of festivities. The joyous peal of bells and the echo of guns
with which its dawn was saluted ; the general desertion of business by those of
all classes and occupations ; this procession, this martial music ; this assemblage
in such a delightful spot, of old and young, of men, women, and happy children,
all proclaim that it is no common holiday. This day of all the days of the
year receives at our hands peculiar honors. And why? Because it is the nation's
birthday ; because it is the first day of the American year ; because upon this
day, nearly a century ago, were laid broad and deep the foundations of repub-
lican government and republican institutions; because upon this day the patriot
hand first smote the rock from which gushed forth in living streams all those
privileges and blessings which at this very hour distinguish the American citizen
above the citizens of every other nation upon the face of the earth. It is a day
celebrated throughout the whole extent of our country wherever there is a loyal
American heart, North, South, East, or West. And in the countries of the Old
World, too, wherever there beats a true American heart, that heart turns fondly
towards the associations of its native land ; and in London, in Paris, in Pekin,
will be remembered the anniversary of American Independence."

The speaker next contrasted this with other holidays, showing
that this alone is purely and distinctively American, and that it
ought to be celebrated with the most earnest and devoted patri-
otism. Then followed a brief outline of our National history,
showing the mistake made at the beginning by admitting the
institution of slavery which was directly in conflict with the
immortal Declaration on which our government was founded.

" Let us all give thanks then upon this great day that such a great evil is
removed from our government. We all professed to loathe it. We all professed
a desire to be rid of it. Let us rejoice that it is gone, forever gone.

' But yesterday the word of Cfesar
Might have stood against the world;
Now lies he there,
And none so poor to do him reverence.'

Stabbed by the hand of his friend was Caesar ; stabbed also was slavery by the
hand of those who declared they would make it the corner-stone of a new and
mighty empire."

The words of John Adams in reference to the Declaration were
then quoted and the incidents connected with its adoption were
recalled. A somewhat extended comparison was made between
the patriotism and energy of the time of the Revolution and the
then present crisis, the speaker confidently asserting " that the

* Probably the author himself would not have inserted this address, but it seems to be
■worthy of permanent preservation. — [Editor.]

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 203

patriotism of this generation is not exceeded by that of the Revo-
lution or any other period." He declared also that history had
never recorded " a brighter instance of constancy and determination
of purpose than has been manifested during the past three years
of the present war." In proof of this assertion he cited the
various prominent battles which had already- given renown to our
arms throughout the world, adding a stirring panegyric upon the
exploits of our heroic soldiers.

" Noble men ! Defenders of their nation's honor ! They are writing the
nation's history, — writing it with the sword and bayonet, in characters of indel-
ible glory. They are sacrificing their lives by hundreds and thousands daily,
that the government so dear to them may live and not die. They shall live in
history, and as we have read of the exploits of our fathers at Bennington, at Sar-
atoga, at Trenton, and at Yorktown, so shall future generations study with admi-
ration and pride the achievements of these men at Gettysburg, at Port Hudson,
at New Orleans, at Charleston, and at Richmond. So long as history shall be
read, so long as language shall be written, so long shall be admired their con-
stancy, their patriotism, their self-sacrificing devotion. Living they shall expe-
rience the care, the protection, the veneration of their fellow-men ; dying, their
virtues shall be forever embalmed in the memories of a grateful posterity."

The opposition to the war in revolutionary times was compared
with the present opposition and the hope expressed "that even
in these particulars the present generation has not been without
some improvement upon their ancestors." The closing portion
of the speech was as follows : —

" The question is often asked, For what are we fighting ? It implies on the part
of those who frequently ask it, either real ignorance of the objects of the war,
or an entire inability to comprehend the vast importance of the questions at
issue. If we are fighting for nothing, or what is worse than nothing, simply
to gratify the passions of hatred and revenge, then the war is one stupendous
and outrageous piece of folly. In order therefore that our minds may be assured
of the justness of the cause in which we are engaged, it becomes us solemnly
to inquire and constantly keep in view the great objects for which we are con-
tending. When we consider the magnitude of the contending armies, the dreadful
perfection of the enginery of death, the vast extent of territory over which the
strife rages, the carnage, the destruction of property, the number and the ob-
stinate character of the battles fought, we cannot but feel that perhaps the
human race never suffered a more direful calamity; and when we reflect that
in addition to being sanguinary the war is a civil war, that these combatants
were a few years ago peaceful members of the same government, a government
founded by a common ancestry, a government in whose history they felt a
common pride and delight, a government whose protection they shared and en-
joyed together in common; we are amazed that the fratricidal hand should ever
have been uplifted to destroy the life of such a beneficent government.

"Then, firstly and chiefly, we are fighting for the national existence; we are
fighting for the preservation of the integrity of the Union, its oneness, its
wholeness, that it may remain, as it has ever been, one great, whole, undivided,
undiminished nation, unshorn in honor, power, magnificence. We are fighting

204 ROCHESTER.

not simply that Georgia may not secede, or South Carolina, but that New
Hampshire may not secede, or Massachusetts, or any other State, or every
State, for if one may then may all. We are fighting that Rochester may not
secede, that any individual here present who happens to be dissatisfied may
not secede; we are fighting for the great general principle which lies at the
foundation of all government, and without which no government could exist
for a single day, the principle that no part can withdraw from the remainder.
When we once recognize or admit the right of secession, that moment the
national existence virtually terminates, and we have instead of government,
anarchy; instead of law and order, we have chaos and confusion. Every
individual here present is part and parcel of the national government, whether
he wills to be or not, voluntarily or involuntarily he is such a part. If,
therefore, one of you should commit a crime against his neighbor, or against
the community, think you that you could avoid punishment therefor by simply
declaring that you would most respectfully withdraw from the government !
The idea would be simply ridiculous, and it is fully as ridiculous when applied
to the State as when applied to the individual. Nothing can be clearer than
that national existence itself is at stake in this controversy.

" Again, we are fighting for our institutions. This is a war between democratic
ideas and aristocratic ideas. Upon one side the people say, ' We have educated
ourselves through our public schools and free institutions, we have qualified
ourselves to take part in the administration of the affairs of government, we
claim an equal share and equal voice in the direction of its affairs; we claim
equal rights and privileges under that government.' On the other side it is replied,
' Not so, you have mistaken your true position. Democratic government is a
failure. The people are not qualified to govern themselves. You are but the
mud-sills of society. Slavery is the proper foundation of a model government.
Slavery is the normal and healthy condition of society.' It is a war between
free institutions and slave institutions. It is a war between free labor and
slave labor. Between free schools, free churches, free everything, on the one
side, and on the other the institutions of barbarism, ignorance, and depravity.

" Again, we are fighting for the great cause of humanity/. It is the cause of
the poor, the persecuted, the oppressed, the enslaved. It is the cause of the
ignorant and the deluded. It is the cause of the Declaration of Independence,
and the great self-evident truths therein contained ' that all men are created
free and equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with inalienable rights,
life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.' Although the abolition of slavery
was not one of the immediate objects of the war, yet during its progress it has
become unavoidably one of the inevitable consequences. Although we engaged
in the war simply to preserve the government and defend its integrity, yet we
find ourselves unavoidably fighting at the same time in behalf of the cause of
human rights and human freedom. In still another sense are we fighting for
the cause of humanity. In a sense nearer to us all, which appeals more directly
and deeply to all our tender feelings and sympathies. We are fighting against
the inliumanity of our enemies, — against the barbarous, fiendish, hellish inhu-
manity which exhibited itself at Fort Pillow and Libby prison, — against the
inhumanity which with cool and deliberate pui'pose murders, tortures, degrades,
and insults the unfortunate victims who fall within its clutches. We are fighting
for the brave Union soldiers, the husbands, fathers, sons, and brothers who are
scattered throughout the rebel Confederacy. Did ever holier cause inspire the
heart or nerve the arm of patriotism ?

" Again, we are fighting in behalf of civilization. Already the civilized na-
tions of the earth were united in their detestation of the institution of slavery,
while we boasting ourselves the freest and most enlightened of all have toler-
ated, encouraged, and fostered it. We have made ourselves the hissing stock of
Christendom. Since the present war began, civilization has been making rapid
strides in the Old World. The monarchical governments of Europe have adopted
the most vital and important reforms. Russia has by proclamation given emanci-

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 205

pation to all the serfs of all that vast empire. France has liberalized her govern-
ment by introducing a juster system of representation. England is even now
gitating and discussing the same subject, to carry it to still further extent. Yet
while these events have been taking place around us, our own nation has been
engaged in a desperate struggle, at the bottom of which lies the institution of
human bondage. One of the most distinguished writers of Great Britain has
written of the American war, that it is the foulest chimney of the nineteenth
century, let it burn itself out. Though started as matter of taunt and sarcasm,
I accept it as true. It is a fact that slavery is the blackest soot that ever
befouled any national chimney, and it is just as true that the war is every day
burning it out.

" Again, we are fighting for the national honor. We did not engage in the
war until we had been robbed and plundered of our property. Our arms, our
navy yards, our custom-houses were seized, our transports fired upon, our na-
tional flag insulted, our ports bombarded, and their garrisons captured, and every
motive of national honor appeals to us to avenge and punish such daring out-
rages. Otherwise we should forfeit the respect of mankind, and be esteemed
little better than a nation of arrant cowards whose rights could be trampled
upon with perfect impunity.

" And still again, we are fighting for peace. We all desire peace. We are
sick and tired of the miseries of war. Alas, we begin to have a realizing
sense of the dreadful import of that little word — war. We desire its termina-
tion. The whole country prays earnestly for peace. But we wish a permanent
and substantial peace — a peace not for a day and this generation simply, but
a peace for to-morrow — a peace for coming years, and future generations. No
such peace can be obtained on the basis of a divided nationality. Look at the
countries of Eiirope, and the causes of their frequent quarrels and wars — dis-
puted boundaries and grasping avarice to acquire territory. As it is with them,
so would it be with us, and were a peace patched up to-day on the principle
of a divided nationality, we should find that instead of peace we had gained
eternal war and eternal dread of wars to come.

" These are some of the objects for which we are contending. We are fighting
for the existence of the government, and the preservation of its integrity. We
are fighting for our institutions. We are fighting for the cause of humanity
and civilization. We are fighting for national honor, and we are fighting for a
permanent and abiding peace. This war is not second in importance to that of
the revolution. It is vastly more vital in its issues. Unless we are successful
in this, then was the revolution fought in vain.

" Let us then profit by the example of the fathers of those times. Let us
imitate their virtues, while we seek to avoid their faults, — knowing that His-
tory will judge us as it has judged them ; with honor, if we are true to the
great requirements of national duty ; if false, with ignominy and contempt.
Let us remember that the first great duty of an American citizen is loyalty to
his government, — earnest, hearty, loyalty; not the reluctant loyalty which
springs from fear or shame, not the faint, glimmering twilight of loyalty, but
loyalty which shines with the full brightness of the sun — loyalty which is
founded upon faith — faith in the government and its defenders — faith in the
justness oi our cause, and its final triumphant establishment — faith in the bright
destiny of our nation — and faith in the protection of an overruling and
almighty Providence. In the words of Webster, ' Fellow citizens, take courage.
Be of good cheer. We shall come to no ignoble end. AVe shall live and not
die. Daring the period allotted to our several lives we shall continue to rejoice
in the return of this anniversary. The ill-omened sounds of fanaticism will be
hushed; the ghastly specters of Secession and Disunion will disappear, and the
enemy of united constitutional liberty, if his hatred cannot be appeased, may
prepare to have his eyeballs seared as he beholds the steady flight of the
American Eagle on his burnished wings for years and years to come.' "

206 ROCHESTER.

March 14, 1865, $30,000 was voted for bounties and the support
of soldiers' families. This is the last war vote of which we have
the record. Soon came the collapse of the rebellion. In less
than a month Richmond had been taken, and Lee had surren-
dered. The news was received everywhere with great rejoicing.
" The Eochester Courier " says,

" Monday [Ap. 9] was a red-letter day iu the way of rejoicing. The news
of the surrender of Lee and his army brought out the flags and tlie cannon,
and half an hour after the arrival of the train, the bells and the cannon brought
out the people. Work was abandoned, and congratulations and rejoicings wex'e
the order of the day, except among the copperheads who looked sour and disap-
pointed, and generally answered the congratulating salutation that the news
was glorious, with a sort of reluctant assent, with the qualification, ' Yes, if it
is true.' One poor devil whose name, if given, might disgrace his children, impo-
tently threatened prosecution if a bonfire was made in the street. He went
home. The war wing of the Democracy went in good earnest for celebrating.
In the afternoon a huge pile of wood, hogsheads, tar-barrels, boxes, and all
conceivable kinds of fuel was heaped up on the square near the flagstaff.
With the shades of evening came a most brilliant illumination, a great bonfire,
and a great crowd. The whole business part of the village was a blaze of light.
With one exception every store was illuminated, also the lawyers' offices, and
the various shops and saloons, besides many private residences, which were
greeted with cheers by the procession marshaled by Capt. Luther Sampson and
C. K. Chase, Esq. It was a happy time. All enjoyed themselves whose sym-
pathies were not with the rebellion, and without a single instance of rowdyism
or drunkenness, the festivities closed before ten o'clock, and the crowd retired
to their homes."

Less than a week later came that day of terror when the foul
assassination of President Lincoln flashed over the shuddering
wires to the consternation and overwhelming grief of all good
citizens. The news reached Eochester Saturday noon, April 15.
The following is condensed from the " Eochester Courier."

"The appalling circumstances of his death seemed to strike every one with
terror, and the fact could scarcely be realized. Our little business community
was dressed in mourning, all work was suspended, the flags were at half-mast
draped with crape, and people went about with sad and downcast face?, relating
the particulars of the assassination to astounded crowds on the corners of all
the streets and in all public places. In pursuance of the proclamation to observe
Wednesday, the day of the funeral, in a fitting and proper manner, a prelimi-
nary meeting was held on Monday evening, and James H. Edgerly, Jacob H.
Ela, James Farrington, E. G. Wallace, Robert Mcllroy, J. F. Place, and Henry
Sondheim were appointed to make the necessary arrangements. They decided
upon a public meeting at one o'clock p. m. on Wednesday, at the Congrega-
tional Church, and invited John jNIcDuffee, Esq., to preside. Public notice was
given under authority of the Selectmen, and there was a large attendance of
people from all parts of town. The church was draped with festoons of black,
and immediately back of the altar were large portraits of ^^'ashington and Lin-
coln adorned with rosettes and pendants, while in front of the organ was a
splendid specimen of the stars and stripes. Mr. McDuffee opened the meeting

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 207

with a few timely remarks, and then read the Governor's Proclamation in rela-
tion to the public observance of the day. Rev. W. T. Smith read a portion of
scripture and offered an appropriate prayer. Rev, Prescott Fay delivered an
address of about three fourths of an hour in length, which was listened to most
attentively throughout. He alluded very feelingly to the many virtues of the
President, to the trials and responsibilities of his position, and to the only
reward which vile traitors gave him for his goodness of heart towards them.
Rev. W. T. Smith made some appropriate remarks severely denouncing the
conspiracy and the assassin, and eulogizing our beloved President who had
been so foully murdered. Hon. J. H. Ela in a brief speech of much fervor,
which found a warm response in the hearts of his hearers, introduced the fol-
lowing resolutions in behalf of the citizens' committee : —

" ' Whereas we believe it to be a fitting occasion when the loyal heart of the
whole nation is plunged in grief at the loss of its beloved Chief Magistrate
assassinated to paralyze the executive arm of the nation, for each community
to express its sense of the great bereavement, and do honor to the distinguish-
ed public services and private virtues which adorned the character of the Pres-
ident; and in view of the great common loss, to come together and solemnly
resolve to pledge anew our devotion and undoubted faith in the principles upon
which our nation is founded — our determination to maintain its unity — and
our desire that mercy may be mingled with justice in dealing with those who
have offended against it, therefore

" ' Resolved, that in the death of Abraham Lincoln the nation mourns an
Executive Chief Magistrate, who, to a love of liberty and unbending integrity,
added the spirit of justice and unfaltering faith in the darkest hour of trial,
mingled with tender sympathy for those in error, and forgiveness for those in
wrong, which endeared him to every American heart; and who by his irre-
proachable example in public life, joining in a happy degree prudence with
power, humanity, patriotism, and wisdom, with firm religious trust, has added
new luster to the Presidential office.

" ' Resolved, that in this afflicting dispensation we feel that new obligations
are laid upon us to devote more of our energies to the welfare of the Republic,
that by absolute justice we may secure lasting peace and prosperity, — that out
of this furnace of national and personal affliction, we shall as a people be better
prepared to accomplish our mission of a great, united, and Christian Republic.

" ' Resolved, that we desire to express our deep sympathy with the family
afflicted by this bereavement, and our admiration of the husband and father
who by kindness of heart, purity of intention, and sincerity of purpose, had
endeared himself to the nation.

" ' Resolved, that to Andrew Johnson called by this sudden visitation to the
Presidency, we extend our sympathy and support in the trying responsibilities of
his position ; and commend him to the protecting care of the Infinite Ruler
who holds in his hands alike the destiny of nations and individuals.

"'Resolved, that trusting ourselves to the guidance and protecting care of the
Sovereign Ruler of the universe who has so often during this rebellion frus-
trated the designs of evil men, and made them efficient workers to destroy what
they sought to build up. and to build up what they sought to destroy, that we
will continue our efforts in the confident hope and faith that out of this seeming-
evil he will bring good to an afflicted nation.'

" Remarks were made by C. K. Sanborn and Edwin Wallace strongly endorsing
the resolutions, and eulogizing the noble character of the illustrious departed
Chief Magistrate. Mr. Wallace was in Washington at the time of the tragedy
and related some interesting facts in relation to the same. The resolutions
were adopted by the unanimous rising vote of the assemblage. The exercises
were interspersed with the singing of appropriate hymns by the Congregational
choir led by Thomas Brown."

208 ROCHESTER.

The war was ended. Eochester had proved her devotion to the
cause of national freedom. She had sent her sons to the jB.eld.
She had seen them return with depleted ranks, some maimed and
emaciated from rebel prisons. She had in several instances received
back her dead. With reverential tenderness she had borne their
battle-scarred remains to their last resting place, amid the stillness
of business cessation, half-masted flags, tolling bells, with maimed
veterans for pall bearers, and wasted heroes for mourners, and left
them with parting volleys of honor over their graves. Her loj'alty
was tested and failed not in the hour of trial. As in the revolution
there were a few tories, so now there were a few copperheads.
Some ventured to say that the departure of the first soldiers was
murder. Some, Judas-like, dared to ask " To what purpose is this
waste ?" But the spirit of '76 was yet alive, and so prevalent
throughout the town, that the mutters of disafiection were faint
and few.

Rochester furnished two hundred and seventy-three men for the
Service at a direct cost of $67,281.89 in money paid by the town.
This does not include sums paid by individuals, nor the generous
gifts of the patriotic women. These were pre-eminent in hearty
devotion to the cause of their country, proving themselves worthy
daughters of the women of the revolution. Luxurious idleness,
self-indulgence, trifling amusements, were at a discount during
the war. Fancy work was laid aside for scraping lint, knitting
socks, making flannel garments, and gathering hospital stores.
Even at concert or lecture the click of knitting needles at work
for the soldiers was heard on all sides, and those who visited sea-
shore or other places of summer resort took with them materials
for scraping lint or other work for the heroes in the field. They
accomplished a vast amount of work, the record of which cannot
be given. In these times when people seem to think nothing
secular or religious can be done without an organized society
represented by a string of cabalistic letters, it is refreshing to find
that the ladies of Eochester were too busy and too much in earnest
to form any society for this work. They simply went right to
Avork and did it, meeting around at different houses. The Town
Hall served them for headquarters where they packed the many
boxes and barrels forwarded from time to time. Many remember
with a feeling of disappointment to this day that one box of

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 209

garments from new flannel was lost on the way to the army, and
never recovered. Not only did they furnish stores for the Sanitary
Commission, hut the Christian Commission also shared their gifts.
On the evenings of March 18 and 19, 1864, a " Soldiers' Levee "
was held. The " Rochester Courier " says : —

" The affair was one of those rare successes which are brought about in unpro-
pitious times, by the determined and combined eiforts of the ladies by whom the
word fail is never considered when it is unanimously resolved to do. Charades,
tableaux, hot coffee, music, fish-pond, fun, and oysters were among the many
inducements held out to entertain the multitude. ' Ye Old Folks' Concert '
under the leadership of Col. C. S. Whitehouse gave excellent vocal selections
which were admirably executed of course. The receipts net above all expenses
$284, which is to be transmitted to the Christian Commission."

The cost of such devotion cannot be measured. It is beyond
price both in the sacrifices made and the work accomplished. It
seems belittling even to name sums of money in presence of
soldiers' graves and the tears of mothers, widows, and orphans
of. the heroic dead, or to reckon up the cost of such priceless
boons as freedom, national honor, and human rights. In fact no
self-denial could be too great, and no labor too toilsome, " that
the government of the people, by the people, and for the people
should not perish from the earth."

The following is the list of Eochester soldiers and sailors in the
war, with their militarv record in brief.

Levi L. Aldrich. Private, Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Jan. 5, 1864.
Three years.

Charles Axderson. Private, Co. I, 13th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 28, 1863.
Transferred to Xavy March 13, 1864.

Henry J. Armstrong. Substitute for James Richards. Private, Co. B, 14th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Deserted at Washington, D. C, Nov. 4, 1863.

David Austen. In Navy May, 1861, and served on schooner " Wanderer."
Discharged June, 1862. Re-eulisted Aug. 30, 1864, Served on board " Colorado "
in South Carolina, afterwards on board schooner " Hope " at Fort Sumter, rais-
ing sunken vessels. Discharged September, 1865.

Daniel Plumer Avery. In Navy, was on board the " Cumberland," witnessed
the battle of the '• Merrimack " and " Monitor." Re-enlisted private, Co. H, 9th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 21, 1862. Deserted at Antietam Sept. 17, 1862, when
ordered to assist in conveying Col. Titus from the field. Re-enlisted for two
years in Gibbs (Mass.) Battery. After a year came home on a furlough, and
was advertised to lecture in a school-house in Rochester, where he was arrested
as a deserter. Was allowed to return to his Regiment. Served in the " Red
River Expedition "' where he is supposed to have died, as he has not since been
heard from.

Frank L. Avery. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861. Mus-
tered out Aug. 9, 1861.

210 ROCHESTER.

John Avery. Private, Troop E, 1st Cavalry, for three years. Mustered March
24, 1865. Promoted Corporal May 1, 1865. Mustered out July 15, 1865. ^Had
served in another regiment from which he was honorably discharged.

Samuel A. Avery. Private, Co. 11, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Deserted with his brother D. P. Avery at the battle of Antietam.

Stephen D. Avery. Private. Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861.
Discharged for disability Oct. 28, 1862. Re-enlisted private, Troop I, 1st Cavalry.
Mustered April 1, 1865. Shot through the lungs at Fair Oaks and supposed to
be killed, but recovered. Mustered out May 6, 1865.

Walter M. Avery. Private, Troop I, 1st Cavalry. Mustered April 7, 1865.
Mustered out May 6, 1865.

John W. Babb. Drummer, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Stephen E. Babb. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Re-
enlisted for Dover. Mustered Feb. 20, 1864. Wounded June 7, 1864. Transferred
to Veteran Reserve Corps Jan. 13, 1865.

Jacob H. Baker. Private, Co. C, 18th Reg't. Mustered Sept." 14, 1864. Mus-
tered out May 29, 1865.

Joseph Bamford. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted in Navy, on ship '• Albatross." Substitute for
Geo. H. Rogers. Mustered Aug. 30, 1864.

Michael Batty was an Irishman about twentj'' years of age, a spinner em-
ployed by the Norway Plains Co. Enlisted as a private in Co. G, 8th Reg't.
Mustered Dec. 23, 1861. Was drowned while crossing a bayou in the night, and
buried at Camp Parapet, La.

David Shepard Bean. Son of Wm. M. and Lucy, was born at Newport, Me.,
Nov. 28, 1843. Was a shoemaker and lived with his brother Henry in Rochester
fifteen years. Enlisted private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Died
very suddenly of diphtheria at Hilton Head, Jan. 23, 1862, and was buried there.

George Junkins Bean, Son of Levi, was a soapmaker. Private, Co. D, 5th
Reg't. Mustered Oct. 26, 1861. Was in the battle of Fair Oaks, and the seven
days before Richmond. Died after a sickness of five weeks in hospital at Newark,
N. J., Sept. 9, 1862. Was buried there in Fairmount Cemetery. Left a wife and
one child.

Henry F. Bean. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Mus-
tered out Sept. 28, 1864.

John Beecher. Corporal, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted as substitute for Gershom H. Horue. Private,
Co. E, 5th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Transferred to the Navy April 21,
1864.

Robert Bennett. Substitute for S. F. McDuffee. Mustered Jan. 5, 1865, for
three years in Navy.

David Bickford. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863.

James F. Bickford. Private, Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28, 1861.
Discharged for disability at Hatteras, N. C, May 21, 1862.

WiNFiELD Scott Bickford. Son of Isaac and Mehetabel (Henderson) Bick-
ford, was born in Sanbornton, N. H., Oct. 4, 1841. Had lived in Rochester about
five years. Was at work in the woolen mill, though by trade a joiner. Mustered
as private in Co. H, 6th Reg't, Nov. 28, 1861. Exposure to a hard storm on the
way to North Carolina brought on a brain fev^er so that he was left behind at Hat-
teras, N. C, where he died March 12, 1862, and was buried there.

Benjamin Franklin Blaisdell. Son of Joseph and Eliza M. of East Roch-

ROCHESTER IX THE REBELLIOX. 211

ester, where lie was born Dec. 5, 1845. Woi'ked in dye room of the Cocheco
Woolen Co. Determined to serve his country in the war he first tried to enlist at
Rochester, but being a minor his father refused his consent. He next tried Con-
cord but was rejected on account of slight deafness. Persisting in his design he
went to Boston and was mustered as a private in Co. G, 19th Mass. Reg't, March,
186-i. May 12 he was in the battle of Spottsylvania. In a skirmish a day or
two after the battle he was wounded in neck and shoulder by a musket ball.
He returned home where he died from the effects of the wound Xov. IG, 1864.

Chakles C. Blaisdell. Corporal, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861.

Daxiel G. Blaisdell. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861.
Re-enlisted Feb. 25, 1864. Slightly wounded May 16, 1864. Appointed wagoner.
Mustered out July 20, 1865.

James Blaisdell. Private, Co. B, 10th Mass. Reg't. Mustered June 21, 1861,
under a fictitious name. Had finger shot off at Fair Oaks. Enlisted in 9th X. H.
Reg't, and was commissioned 2d Lieut. Co. H. Aug. 10, 1862. Promoted 1st Lieut.
Jan. 1, 1863. Promoted Capt. March 1, 1863. After the battle of Antietam he
was arrested as a deserter from the 10th Mass. but was honorably discharged from
arrest by order of Gen. Burnside. He resigned shortly before the battle at the
springing of the mine at Petersburg He had been on a court martial with Gen.
Porter, where they quarreled, and Porter had charges preferred against him, in
consequence of which he was dismissed from service Aug. 4, 1864. He was after-
wards offered re-instatement by the War department, which he declined. He
received, however, a complimentary notice from Gen. Griffin for bravery and good
conduct.

John" Blaisdell. Carpenter in construction Corps about five months.

JOHX W. Blaisdell. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862,
During the charge on Port Hudson was wounded in the thigh June 13, 1863. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Charles E. Blackmak. Sergeant, Co. H, 9th Reg't, Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Jan. 16, 1864. Discharged after nearly a
year in the hospital at Cincinnati.

Charles H. Bliss. Private, Co. A, 1st Reg't. Mustered April 29, 1861. Re-
enlisted private. Co. D, 5th Reg't, Oct. 23, 1861. Re-enlisted for Dover, Feb. 19,
1864.

Samuel F. Bliss. Private Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861. Deserted
April 30, 1862.

Pierre Bouche. Private. Co. F, 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863. Mus-
tered out Dec. 19, 1865.

James L. Boyle. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Slightly
wounded at Pocotaligo Bridge Oct. 22, 1862. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 1864, for Dover.
Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865.

Cyrus Bkackett. Private, Co. K, 18th Reg't. Mustered April 5, 1865. Mus-
tered out May 6, 1865.

Moses D. Brackett. Substitute for George W. Cheslev. Private, Co. B, 5th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Promoted Corporal. Wounded June 3, 1864.
Mustered out June 8, 1865.

XiCHOLAS Brock. Private, Co. D. 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept. 4,
1864. Was in defenses about Washington, D. C, till June, 1865. After that in
Fort Constitution at Portsmouth. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865.

Charles Browx. Substitute for Lewis J. Smith. Private, Co. B, 14th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Deserted at Washington, D. C, Xov. 14, 1863.

ExocH G. Bro^vx. Private, Co. A, 1st Reg't. Mustered April 29, 1861. Mus-

212 ROCHESTER.

tered out Aug. 9, 1861. Ke-enlisted private, Co. A, 1st Battalion U. S. Regular
Army 1861-2-3.

Joseph E. Brown. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Wounded in the hand at Port Hudson. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Joseph F. Promts. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Dis-
charged for disability Jan. 9, 1862. Re-enlisted in Navy. Mustered Sept. 1, 1864,
for one year.

JosiAH Broavn. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Deserted
at Concord Oct. 21, 1862.

Robert Brown. Private, Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Dec. 29, 1863,
for three years.

John W. Browning. Substitute for Thomas Hall. Marine Corps. Mustered
Aug. 22, 1864, for four years.

James M. Bryant. Substitute for Peter Donlay. Private, Co. F, 11th Reg't.
Mustered Feb. 2, 1864. Supposed to have deserted en route to Reg't.

Louis Buckley. Private, Co. D, 6th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 28, 1863. Sup-
posed to have deserted en route to Reg't.

Edavaru Burke. Private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept. 4, 1864.
Deserted at New York city Sept. 11, 1864.

John Burke. Private, Co. D, 6th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 26, 1863. Wounded
June 17, 1864. Taken prisoner at Poplar Grove Church, Va., Oct. 1, 1864. Re-
leased and returned to Reg't. Mustered out July 17, 1865.

Benjamin F. Burns. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861. Mus-
tered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted Sergeant, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec.
23, 1861. Wounded by a buck-shot in the thigh at Port Hudson, and remained in
hospital till close of service. Mustered out Oct. 24, 1864.

William Butterfield. Private, Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Jan. 5,
1864. Mustered out Nov. 13, 1865.

Patrick Caine. Substitute for George S. Hussey. Marine Corps. Mustered
Sept. 1, 1864.

George W. Calef. Private, Troop E, 1st Cavalry. Mustered March 24, 1865.
Mustered out July 15, 1865. Was taken sick about this time and died in Rochester
Aug. 7, 1865, set. 34 years and 8 months.

Charles William Canney. Son of Edward M., was born in Tuftonborough,
had lived in Rochester two years. Private, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23,
1861. Promoted Sergeant. Killed at battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864, set. 19
years, and buried there.

Edward Moody Canney. Father of the preceding, and son of Ebenezer and
Elizabeth, was born at Tuftonborough. Had lived two years in Rochester working
at his trade of house carpenter. Private, Co. H., 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28,
1861. Killed in the second Bull Run battle Aug. 29, 1861. He had been detached
to work at building bridges, but by his own request was permitted to leave his
work to engage in this battle. His last words after he had fallen were '• Boys, go
in; I'm done." He was 45 years old, and left a wife and five children.

Augustus Cate. Private, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861. Dis-
charged for disability Sept. 24, 1862.

John G. Cate. Private, Co. H, 18th Reg't. Mustered Feb. 8, 1865. Mustered
out July 29, 1865. Died in Rochester.

Andreav Jackson Cater. Son of Otis and Lovey, was born at Farmington
in 1842. Had been shoemaker in Rochester about two years. Private, Co. D. 5th
Reg't. Mustered April 20, 1862. Contracted fever by exposure in severe storms
at battles of Fair Oaks. Was sent to hospital at Long Island. His brother went

ROCHESTER IX THE REBELLION. 213

on and attended him there till he died July 13, 1862. Was buried in Cypress Hill
Cemetery, L. I.

Isaac C. Cater. Enlisted Sept. 1861, in Xavy for one year. Visited the
Western Islands and the Mediterranean on sailing vessel " Onward," and was after-
ward discharged. Re-enlisted Sept. 15, 1862. Served on the " Colorado," and
on the " Winona." Was in several expeditions on Santee River, and at the
bombardment of Fort Fisher. Re-enlisted 1864. Discharged June, 1865. Died
at Rochester Sept. 26, 1865, fet. 28 years, 2 months, and 7 days, leaving a wife and
one child.

Owen Carroll. Enlisted in Navy for one year. Served on the " Colorado."
After second attack on Fort Fisher was transferred to another boat.

Arthur Cavanaugh. Private, Co. E, 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863.
Slightly wounded June 3, 1864. Promoted Corporal April 1, 1865. Mustered out
Dec. 19, 1865.

William B. Caverly. Private, Co. A, 7th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 29, 1861.
Discharged for disability Jan. 4, 1863. Re-enlisted in Veteran Reserve Corps.

Georue W. Chadwick. Musician, Co. G, 2d Reg't. Mustered Jan. 5, 1864.
Transferred to Co. H, 10th Reg't, June 21, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865.

Charles W. Chase. Served nearly three years in 1st California Cavalry in
Arizona.

John Chesley. Substitute for John W. Hall. Private, Co. H, 7th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 18, 1864. Supposed to have deserted en route to Reg't.

Wilbur H. Choate. A blacksmith by trade. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mus-
tered Aug. 24, 1861. Slightly wounded three times at James Island, Morris Island,
and Deep Bottom. Mustered out Ang. 23, 1864.

Charles H. Clark. Son of Samuel of Rochester. Private, Co. I, 2d Reg't.
Mustered Nov. 20, 1863. Promoted Corporal July 1, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 19,
1865.

James F. Clark. A currier at Wallace's. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered
Aug. 24, 1861. Wounded in knee at James Island, and was in hospital four
months at Port Royal. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864.

Charles H. Clay, Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Re-
enlisted in same Co. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out Aug 23, 1865.

Hosea Chapman Clay. Son of Alpheus, was born in Madbury, May, 1841.
At an early age went to Chelsea, Mass., where he learned the carpenter's trade, and
by his upright conduct and industry won the confidence of his employers. On the
fii'st call for three months' volunteers he enlisted as a private in a Massachusetts
Regiment and served his time faithfully. Re-enlisted in Dover and was mustered
as Sergeant, Co. H, 6th Reg't, Nov. 28. 1861. Promoted 2d Lieutenant July 4, 1862.
"Was favorite among both officers and men. In time of danger his voice was
heard ' Come, boys, follow me,' and they were always ready to follow so zealous a
leader." He was in five battles but escaped without a wound. Into one action
he led his company of 47 men, only 8 of whom returned. He acted as Captain of
his company for several weeks, struggling manfully against a debilitating malady
which compelled him at length to ask a furlough. He died at the house of his
sister in South Boston Nov. 3, 1862. Was buried with military honors in Pine Hill
Cemetery, Dover. Pie married about the time of his enlistment a daughter of
Charles Nutter of Madbury. He brought his wife to Rochester, which he seems
to have chosen for his home, and where she resided during his absence in the
war, but went to Boston with their infant child, to take care of him in his last
sickness.

George Edwin Clough. Son of John and Sarah, was born in Effingham,
July 22, 1843. Resided in Rochester about six months before entering the army.
First served in a Maine Regiment in the early part of the war, and was discharged

214 ROCHESTER.

for disability at Ship Island. Re-enlisted private, Troop B, 1st Cavalry. Mustered
March 26, 1864. Received a severe injury by falling from his horse while fording
a river about two mouths after his enlistment. Was sent to a hospital where he
I'emained several months. Obtaining a furlough, he was brought home to his
parents in Effingham, Nov. 15, where he died Dec. 12, 186-4.

JOAKiN COLADO. Private, Co. C, 14th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. De-
serted at Washington, D. C, Jan 31, 1864.

Stephen Colby, alias John D. Ross. Private, Co. D, Independent Battalion
Minn. Cavalry. Enlisted Sept. 21, 1863. Served 2 years and 9 months, mostly
against the Indians in Dakota.

Benjamin F. Colcord. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861.
Transferred to U. S. Signal Corps, Oct. 13, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864.

Andrew Collins. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Deserted from railroad train
in Indiana on way to Vicksburg, June 6, 1863.

James Collins. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. IMustered Sept. 18, 1861. Dis-
charged for disability, Feb. 17, 1863. Re-enlisted private, Co. K, 12th Reg't, Dec.
17, 1863. Wounded, and discharged July 22, 1865.

Jacob Colony. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. M istered Aug. 24, 1861. Discharged
for disability May 15, 1862. Re-enlisted Aug. 30, 1862, private, Co. I, 15th Reg't.
On detached service to care for the sick. Discharged for disability after nine
months.

Timothy O. Conner. Corporal, Co. II, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Deserted at Milford, Penn., March 28, 1863.

Aaron F. Corson. Private, Co. K, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Pro-
moted Corporal. Discharged for disability Nov. 20, 1862. Re-enlisted in Veteran
Reserve Corps. Mustered Jan. 4, 1864.

James F. Corson. Private, Co. G, 3d Reg't, Mustered Aug. 23, 1861. Slightly
wounded June 16, 1862. Re-enlisted March 26, 1864.

John R. Corson. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Pro-
moted Corporal. Mustered out Sept. 27, 1864.

William F. Corson. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. De-
serted while on furlough. Returned and was transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps.
Mustered out July 5, 1865.

Charles Courtland. Enlisted for three months in 5th Mass. Reg't. Was in
first Bull Run battle. Re-enlisted 1st Sergeant, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct.
14, 1862. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Charles F. Crockett. Substitute for Edwiu Wallace. Private, Co. F, 5th
Reg't. Mustered Sept. 7, 1864. Captured April 6, 1865. Exchanged and mus-
tered out June 9, 1865.

Ezra P. Cross. Private, Co. D, 2d Reg't. Mustered June 1, 1861. "A first
rate soldier." Mustered out June 21, 1864. Re-enlisted private, Troop L, 1st Cav-
alry. Mustered June 27, 1864. Mustered out July 15, 1865.

George P. Cross. Private, Co. F, 1st Mass. Heavy Artillery. Died Aug. 24,
1867, fet. 23 years and 6 months.

James Cross. Was a private in a Mass. Reg't in the early part of the war.
Afterwards private in 2d N. H. Reg't. Died June 22, 1865.*

Robert Crossley. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861. Mus-
tered out Aug. 9, 1861.

George Curtis. Private, Co. F, 14th Reg't. Substitute for Simon L. Home.
Mustered Aug. 3, 1864.

* This and the preceding lie buried in the old cemetery in Joseph Cross's lot. Richard Cross
saj's they were sons of Joseph and born in Rochester.

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 215

Thomas J. Daily. Substitute. Private, Co. B, 5th Eeg't. Mustered Sept. 1,
1864. Supposed to have deserted en route to Reg't.

Charles H. Dame. Private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept. 4,
1864. Promoted Corporal. Mustered out June 15, 1865.

Chakles W. Dame. Private, in 26th Mass. Reg't. Served two years at New
Orleaus, Ship Island, and vicinity. Afterward in Shenandoah Valley, and then at
Savannah. Discharged Sept. 23, 1865.

James Dame. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 14, 1861. Deserted
at Manchester Oct. 1861.

Joseph Wingate Dame. Son of Daniel and Abigail, was born at Farmington
in 1840. Worked at shoemaking with his brother Charles H. in Rochester a year
before enlistment. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Served
out his time and re-enlisted in same Co. Jan. 1, 1864. "Wounded at Drury's Bluff
May 16, 1864, and died in consequence at New Haven, Conn., Aug. 30, 1864.

WILLLA.M L. Damzex. Substitute for David F. Ham. Private, Co. A, 5th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 12, 1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865.

James Davis. Private, Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Dec. 29, 1863.

John Davis. Substitute for George AV. Clark. Private, Co. C, 14th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Deserted in New York March 17, 1864.

John H. Davis. Navy.

Stephex J. Dealaxd. Troop I, 1st Cavalry. Mustered March 30, 1864.
" Played sick, and did no duty." Mustered out July 16, 1865.
Charles T. Doxahue. Substitute. Reg't unknown, three years.

Patrick Donahue. Substitute for Enos H. Hussey. Private, Co. A, 5th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 15, 1864, Mustered out June 28, 1865.

Charles Wesley Doavxs. Son of Frederick G. and R. P., was born at South
Berwick, Me.. Dec. 17, 1842. Came to Rochester to live April 20, 1857. He
enlisted in the 1st Reg't for three months. But that Reg't was full and he entered
Co. K, 2d Reg't. for three years. Mustered June 8, 1861. Was in the first Bull
Run battle, marching 17 miles to reach the battlefield. The day was so hot that
the tongues of the men protruded from their mouths. Had his dipper shot from
his side. Was in the Peninsular Campaign under McClellan, at the siege of York-
town, and followed the retreating enemy to Williamsburg. Here his leg was shot
off, and he died from loss of blood, May 5, 1862. Was buried there, Chaplain
Henry E. Parker conducting the burial service. His Captain says that he displayed
great courage, even after being wounded. Was highly spoken of by his fellow
soldiers, and much esteemed by all his acquaintance.

David W. Do"\vxs. Enlisted Nov. 1861. and served about three years in Mass-
Cavalry, called Butlers Body Guard of mounted riflemen. Promoted First Lieu,
tenant. Served afterward under Gen. Banks, at Baton Rouge, Port Hudson,
and all through the Red River Expedition. Was in fourteen battles. Discharged
for disability. Is now a Methodist minister.

:\1ichael Drapeau. Private, Co. E. 2d Reg"t. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863.
Wounded at battle of Cold Harbor, June 3, and died June 6, 1864.

William H. Duxham. Private Co. F, 7th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 29, 1863.
Captured May 12, 1864. Paroled May 15, 1865. Mustered out July 20, 1865.

Tafili Duprais. Private, Co. E, 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863. Mus-
tered out Dec. 19, 1865.

Baptiste Duprey. Private, Co. F. 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863. De-
serted Oct. 16, 1864, but was brought back. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865.

Charles W. Edgerly. Captain, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Had sword presented by
citizens, and a revolver from Cocheco Fire Engine Company of which he had been
foreman for several years. Commissioned Aug. 10, 1862. Resigned Feb. 17, 1863.

216 ROCHESTER.

**■ Thomas H. Edgerly. Enlisted in Navy Aug. 29, 1864. Served on ship
" Colorado," and was in both attacks on Fort Fisher, afterwards on the "Wino-
na," of which ship he was yeoman. Discharged June, 186-5.

Samuel J. Edavards. Private, Co. M, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept. 5,
1864. Mustered out June 9, 1865.

August Eiiriiorx. Private. Co. K, 6th Pieg't. Mustered Jan. 5, 1864. De-
serted at Annapolis, Md., April 24, 1864.

Walter Ellis. Private. Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. " A brave
soldier." Wounded in the thigh at Fredericksburg and incapacitated nearly a year.
Wounded in the leg at Cold Harbor but continued to carry his musket. Had been
sick in hospital three months when he came home with his Reg't, very much eraa-
ciated. Mustered out June 10, 1865.

Micajah D. Emerson. Private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept.
4, 1864. Mustered out June 15, 1865.

Thomas England. 30th Mass. Reg't.

Charles H. Estes. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Slightly
wounded three times. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864.

Wn.LL'iM Farley. Private, Co. C, 5th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 28, 1863.
Wounded June 3, 1864. Absent, sick, when Reg't was mustered out June 28, 1865.

James B. Farrington. Served as private in a Wisconsin Reg't 2J^ years.
Afterward Assistant Surgeon of 3d U. S. Colored Regiment in Florida about four
months.

Joseph H. Farrington. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted private, Co. B, 8th Reg't. Mustered
March 21, 1865. Mustered out May 6, 1865. Hospital Steward in Kentucky and
Tennessee from July, 1865, till March, 1866.

Edm'ard Flanagan. Substitute. Reg't unknown.

Charles W. Folsom. Enlisted in Navy Oct. 6, 1864, and served on ship " San
Jacinto." Discharged April, 1865.

John A. Folsom. Enlisted in Navy in spring of 1861. Served on brig " Bain-

Oridge." Discharged June, 1862.

Alonzo H. Foss. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mu-s-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Dallas Foss. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Discharged
for disability Oct. 30, 1863.

Richard H. Foss. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. " A good
soldier." Wounded three times. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1864.

F. FOSLIX FouRiN. Substitute for Seth T. Hurd. Reg't unknown.

Charles H. French. Musician, Co. B, 6th Reg't. Mustered .Jan. 5, 1864.
Transferred to Co. E July 6, 1864. Mustered out July 17, 1865.

John Friend. Private, Co. A, 9th Reg't. Mustered June 13, 1864. Wounded
July 30, and died in consequence Aug. 19, 1864.

Albert Gale. Son of Daniel R. of Dover. Had lived in Rochester about five
years. Private, Co. A, 1st Reg't. Mustered April 29, 1861. Mustered out Aug.
9, 1861. Enlisted in Regular Army, 18th Reg't Sikes Brigade. Was killed
instantly in the seven days' fight near Fair Oaks. Was 23 years old.

Amos Gale. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 20, 1861. Mustered
out Jan. 18, 1865.

William Gale. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 23, 1861. Mus-
tered out Jan. 18, 1865.

George Washington Garland. Son of James M., was born in Rochester
Sept. 22, 1842. He was " a promising young man " who had been clerk in a store

ROCHESTEK IN THE REBELLION. 217

at Gonic for three years. Went to Lowell, Mass., where he enlisted iu Co. I, 26th
Mass. Reg't. After about three weeks' sickness he died at New Orleans, Aug. 1,

1863, and was buried there.

John Eliphalet Garland. Son of Eice K. and Mary S., was born in Belfast,
Me , Aug. 30, 1835. "Was second hand in card room of Norway Plains Co. four
years. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Died of typhoid
fever at Carrollton, La., April 16, 1863. Buried in Rochester. Left a wife to
whom resolutions of condolence were sent by the Company.

John F. Garland, Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Mus-
tered out Aug. 23, 1864.

John Wesley Garland, Son of Lewis and Hannah, was born in Rochester
Nov. 30, 1838. Was apprentice to a blacksmith at Gonic. Private, Co, H, 9th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Died of disease at Knoxviile, Md., Nov. 26, 1862.
Buried in National Cemetery, Antietam, grave No. 12, Lot A, Section 12. On the
second day of the battle of Antietam, while the Regiment was formed in skirmish
line, a cry for help was heard again and again. It was discovered to come from a
boy of the 8th Conn. Reg't, who had been wounded the day before, and had dug a
hole in the ground to protect himself from the sharp shooters. Garland volun-
teered and went and brought him in his arms while exposed to a continual fire.
" An honorable and brave deed."

John T. Giles. Private, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 26, 1861. Discharged
for disability May 2, 1863.

Michael Gilligan. Substitute for John F. Young. Private, Co. K, 5th Reg't. *
Mustered Sept. 20, 1864. Transferred to Co. G. Mustered out June 28, 1865.

Charles W. Oilman. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted Private, Co. H, 5th Reg't. Mustered
Oct. 19, 1861. Deserted Aug. 18, 1862.

Edwin H. Glidden.

Enos L. Glidden. Private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept. 5,

1864. Transferred to Co. B, June 10, 1865. Was in defenses about Washington,
D. C, till June, 1865, afterward in Fort Constitution, Portsmouth. Mustered out
Sept. 11, 1865.

John C. Glidden. Musician, Co. K, 9th Reg't. Mustered Jan. 5, 1864. Re-
enlisled drummer, Co. B, 6th Reg't. Died of disease at Camp Nelson, Ky., May
21, 1864. Buried in National Cemetery there, grave No. 37, section D.

Albion N. Goodwin. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 23, 1861.
Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Promoted Corporal Nov. 1, 1864. Wounded twice at
Port Hudson. Taken prisoner for several months in Red River Expedition.
Transferred to Co. B, Veteran Battalion Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 28,

1865.

James Goodwin. Born in Wells, Me. Resided in Lebanon, Me., and moved
to Rochester a short time before he enlisted. A stone mason by trade. Private,
Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28, 1861. Killed at Bull Run Aug. 29, 1862.
Left a wife and two children who resided iu Rochester about two years and then
removed to Farmingtou.

Sherwood W. Goodwin. Corporal, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 23, 1861.
Fell through railroad bridge in Louisiana and broke three ribs. Discharged for
disability March 8, 1863.

Otis F. Gowen. Wagoner, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Daniel Grant, Z^. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Dis-
charged for disability Oct. 2, 1862.

218 ROCHESTER.

Henry Grajjt. Private, 1st Light Battery. Transferred to Co. M, 1st Heavy
Artillery. Mustered Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out June 9, 1865. Was in British
Navy in India during Sepoy rebellion. Resides in Gilsum.

Moses Franklin Gray. Son of James and Annie, was born in Farmington in
1828. Came to Rochester in 1859 and worked in the factory for about two years.
when he married and lived on tne Lewis McDuffee farm. Corporal, Co. H, 9th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Wounded in the side at Fredericksburg Dec. 13,
1862. Died of pneumonia at Annapolis, Md., April 15, 1864. Was buried at
Farmington. Left a wife and two children.

Solomon S. Gray. Private, Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Dec. 29, 1863.
Discharged for disability Nov. 19, 1864.

Jerry L. Grey. Private. Co. A, 4th Reg't. - Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Mus-
tered out Sept. 27, 1864.

Abner F. Greenleaf. Private, Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28, 1861.
Discharged for disability Jan. 15, 1863. Re-enlisted, substitute for S. A. J. Went-
worth, private, Co. H, 5th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Promoted Coi'poral.
Mustered out June 2, 1865.

George F. Gcppy. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Clerk at headquarters in Con-
cord till April 21, 1864. Joined 5th Reg't under Col. Hapgood. Clerk in Adj't
General's office under Gen. Hincks at P'ortress Monroe till Sept. 7, 1864. Pro-
moted 1st Lieutenant, Co. F, Oct. 28, 1864. Was acting Adjutant till Jan. 1, 1865,
when he took command of his company. Commanded company through the spring
campaign. Slightly wounded April 7, and taken prisoner, but returned on Lee's
surrender and led his company home to Concord where he found a commission as
Captain dated May 15, 1865. Mustered out June 28, 1865.

Albert Clinton Hall. Son of Joseph D., was born at Dover Feb. 16, 1846,
" He was very ambitious, a good scholar, and anxious for a college education."
Partly to obtain money for this purpose he enlisted as private Co. G, 8th Reg't.
Mustered Dec. 23, 1861. Wounded in shoulder at Port Hudson. Re-enlisted Jan.
4, 1864. Started on the lied River Expedition, but was sent back sick and died
at New Orleans March 17, 1864. Buried there.

Edwin F. Hall. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Re-en-
listed Jan. 1, 1864. Promoted Corporal March 26, 1865. Mustered out July 20,
1865.

Joseph Daniel Hall. Son of Daniel and Sarah, was born in Alton. AVas a
painter and lived about a mile below Rochester village. He enlisted with his son
Albert, saying to the author as he bade him good by at the railroad station, " I
don't believe in sending off the boys to fight the country's battles while the fathers
stay at home, but the fathers ought to go with their boys to set them the example
of patriotism and to have a care over them." Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. ]SIus-
tered Dec. 23, 1861. Died at Carrollton, La., after a long sickness, Nov. 13,
1862. Left a wife and two children.

Charles F. Ham. Private, Co. H, 13th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 19, 1863.
Wounded near Petersburg June 15, 1864, and died two days after.

Charles Harrison Ham. Son of John and Lydia, born in Barrington Oct.
20, 1846. Worked in mills at Rochester. Private, Troop A, 1st N. H, Cavalry.
Was sick for a long time at York Hospital, Philadelphia. Came home on a fur-
lough and lingered eight weeks when he died March 14, 1865.

Sylvester Ham. Corporal, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Pro-
moted Sergeant. Discharged for disability May 27, 1864.

Charles E. Hammett. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Charles B. Hanson. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't, Mustered Sept. 18, 1861.
Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865.

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 219

William E. Hanson. Private, substitute in Strafford Guards. Mustered
May 5, 1864. On garrison duty sixty days at Portsmouth. Mustered out July
28, 1864.

Alonzo Hartford. Son of Benj. P. and Betsey P., was born in Conway Feb.
1, 1840. Had lived seven or eight years in Kochester. "Went to Massachusetts
with others seeking employment at his trade of shoemaking, but not readily find-
ing it, enlisted as private in 26th Mass. Keg't. Promoted Corporal. Died of small
pox on the Rappahannock Eiver, Va., Dec. 26, 1863. Buried in i!^ational Cemeteiy
at Arlington, Va., No. 66, row 10, section E.

Francis M. IlAiiXFORD. Son of John and Hannah, was born at BaiTington in
1840. The family moved to Eochester before the war, living on a farm below
Gonic. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec, 23. 1861. Died of yellow fever
at Camp Parapet, La., Sept. 30, 1862, and was buried there. " He was a steady
young man highly respected by the members of his company."

George £. Hartford. Brother of Alonzo, was born in Conway Oct. 26, 1837.
Worked in the bobbin factory. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18,
1861. Died of disease at Hilton Head, S. C, Feb. 2, 1862, and was buried there.
Mariied Susan O., daughter of Benj. Clark, who survives him.

John T. Hartford. Shipped in Navy Sept. 15, 1862.

Albert W. Hayes. Raised a company. Commissioned 2d Lieutenant, Co. D,
6th Reg't Nov. 22, 1861. Promoted 1st Lieut. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted Captain
Oct. 22, 1862. Wounded at 2d Bull Run Aug. 29, 1862. arm paralyzed from
wound. AVas at siege of Vicksburg under Grant. Appointed 1st Lieutenant, Vet-
eran Reserve Corps Sept. 30, 1863, Promoted Captain Dec. 10, 1863. Was six
months at Alexandria in charge of recruits, on provost duty at Washington, D. C,
till Sept. 1864. Provost marshal at Syracuse and Elmira, N. Y. Was ordered to
Louisiana Jan. 13, 1866, where he was engaged about six months on same duty,
when he resigned.

Augustus Hayes. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 2, 1864, Trans-
ferred to Co. H, 6th Reg't June 1, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.

Franklin Hayes. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Re-
enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Promoted Sergeant. Mustered out April 23, 1865.

James E. Hayes. Navy.

William Hay^^ard. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863. An Englishman, worked at East Rochester. Re-
enlisted in 19th Mass. Reg't. Captured with whole brigade on Welden R. R., and
was in prison 5>^ months at Belle Isle, Libbey, Andersonville, and Florence. Re-
sides atjPittsfield.

William W. Heard. Private, Co. I, 6th Reg't. Mustered Jan. 1, 1864. De-
serted at Camp Nelson, Ky., Feb. 3, but brought back Feb. 6, 1864. Was cap-
tured and died of disease and starvation at Andersonville Aug. 26, 1864. Buried
there. Grave No. 6875.

William H. Hedrick. Substitute for Dudley W. Hayes. Private Co. E, 14th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Deserted March 16, 1864.

JIichael Hester. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Wounded at Fredericksburg Dec. 13, 1862. Deserted en route for Vicksburg, June
6, 1863.

John W. Hinckley, Substitute for George W, Springfield. Private, Co. C,
5th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 19, 1864. Killed near Petersburg, March 25, 1865.
Buried at City Point, Va.

Benjamdv Hobbs. Son of Josiah H. and Rhoda, was born in Wakefield.
Studied medicine in Rochester with Dr. E. C. Dow. Here also he married Harriet
M. Chase, and united with the Congregational Church. Was among the first to
enlist, and was three months on duty in the Fort at Portsmouth. Was afterwards

220 ROCHESTER.

Surgeon or Ass't Surgeon in the U. S. army for over two years. While he was
Surgeon of the 116th Reg't of U. S. Colored Troops he was sick in Port Hospital,
Brazos-Santiago, Tex. Before he had recovered his health the cholera broke out
in the Reg't. He determined at once to return to his post, " although his attend-
ing physician and friends urgently warned him against it. Exposing himself day
and night, he contracted gastro-enteritis, of which he died at White Ranch, Tex.,
Aug. 28, 18GG." Sympathetic and highly complimentary resolutions were sent to
the family by the Reg't.

Charles A. Hodgdon. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 21, 1862.
Deserted at Concord the same day.

John S. Holmes. Private, Co. F, 5th Reg't. Mustered April 20, 1862.
Deserted 1862.

Haklan p. Horne. Private Co. K, 18th Reg't. Mustered March 23, 1865.
Mustered out May 6, 1865.

Joseph Davis Horne. First volunteer from Rochester. Son of Lewis F. of
Gonic, where he was born March 7, 1841. Enlisted at Lowell in 6th Mass. Reg't.
Needham, the first martyr of the rebellion, was shot by his side in Baltimore. Re-
enlisted Co. I, 26th Mass. Reg"t. Died of disease at New Orleans, Sept. 25, 1863.
His Captain says, " He was as brave a fellow as ever lived, always one of my best
men." The " Lawrence American " says of him, " Humble in position, honorable
in character, and rich in love for his country, he has fallen an early martyr to her
noble cause."

Lewis F. Horne. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 18G3. Re-enlisted private, Co. C, 18th Reg't. Mustered Sept.
14, 1864. Transferred to Co. I, June 10, 1865. Mustered out July 29, 1865. Was
cook for oflacers.

Albert Horney. Private in Cavalry. Mustered March 30, 1864. INIustered
out July 15, 1865.

Charles G. Horney. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Edavard Horney. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Mus-
tered out June 10, 1865.

Henry Horney. Son of Gilbert, was born in Rochester about 1833. Private,
Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28, 1861. Re-enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Started
for home on a furlough, but was taken sick on the way, and died at Schenectady,
N. Y., Jan. 27, 1864. Brought home for burial. Left a wife and one child.

Albert Howard. Musician, Co. F, 10th Reg't. Mustered Jan. 5, 1864.
Transferred to Co. G, 2d Reg't, June 21, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 19, 1865.

Clarence Howard. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Discharged for disability, Dec. 2, 1862. Re-enlisted private, Veteran Reserve
Corps. Mustered Dec. 29, 1863. On guard duty at Boston the following winter.
Sept., 1865, was in Invalid Corps at Springfield, 5lass.

David M. Howard. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Pro-
moted Corporal May, 1862. Reduced to ranks June, 1862. Mustered out Aug.
23, 1864. Re-enlisted Sergeant, Co. H, 18th Reg't. Mustered Jan. 27, 1865.
Mustered out July 29, 1865.

Elbridge W. Howard. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861.
Re-enlisted Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out July 20, 1865.

Ephraim Howard. Private, Co. H, 18th Reg't. Mustered Jan. 27, 1865.
Mustered out July 29, 1865.

George N. Howard. Private, Troop C, 1st Cavalry. Mustered March 30,
1864. Wounded accidentally in wrist by revolver, June 11, 1864. Mustered out
July 15, 1865.

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 221

Ira T. Howard. Son of Richard, was born in Rochester about 1824. Pri-
vate, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Wounded in right arm and side
June 19, 1864. Had not fully recovered when he was engaged in the battle of
Peeble's Farm, Sept. 30, 1864. Being in danger of capture, his comrades encour-
aged him and helped him all they could to escape, but he was so discouraged that
he said he would as lief die, and sank down weary and exhausted, and no more
was seen of him. Left a widow and seven children.

John H. Howard. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Slightly wounded at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862, Mustered out June 10, 1865.

Levi Howard. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Cap-
tured at South Mountain Sept. 14, 1862. Prisoner 2h years. Mustered out July
18, 1865.

Martin V. B. Howard. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Wounded at South Mountain Sept. 13, 1862. Discharged for disability Feb. 26,
1863.

Simon O. Howard. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Promoted Corporal Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865.

William H. Howard. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
AVounded at Spottsylvania Court House May 12, 1864. Transferred to Veteran
Reserve Corps Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865.

RuFUS A. HoYT. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863. Enlisted in Navy Aug., 1864. Served on "Colorado";
was at Fort Fisher; afterwards on "Winona", in Santee River expedition. Dis-
charged June, 1865.

Asa p. Hull. Carpenter in Construction Corps about five months.

H. Hunter. Substitute for E. G. Wallace. Reg't unknown.

Charles Hurd. Private, Co. A, 14th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Re-
enlisted wagoner in same Co. July 16, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865.

George F. Hurd. Private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Aitillery. Mustered Sept. 4,
1864. In defenses about Washington till June, 1865, then at Fort Constitution,
Portsmouth. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865.

George W. Hurd. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861.
Re-enlisted in same Co. Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865.

John Hurd. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14. 1862. Mustered
out Aug. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted substitute for David Foss. Private, Co. B, 5th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. All the fingers of his right hand shot off June
3, 1864. Discharged for disability Feb. 7, 1865.

Charles Burney Hussey. Son of Paul, was born in Rochester Nov. 18, 1844.
Corporal, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Wounded in the hip at
Spottsylvania Court House, and captured May 12, 1864. Died of his wounds a
prisoner at Richmond, Va., May 31, 1864, and was buried in Richmond National
Cemetery.

Daniel Hussey. Corporal, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Pro-
moted Sergeant. Color-bearer. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Louis McDuffee Hussey. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. IMustered May 2, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted Sergeant, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered
Sept. 18, 1861. Re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Promoted 1st Lieutenant Nov. 9, 1864.
Promoted Captain Feb. 17, 1865. Was second Rochester man who enlisted.

Oliver W. Hussey. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't, Mustered Dec. 23, 1861.
Mustered out Jan, 18, 1865.

Walter S. Hussey. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Pro-
moted Corporal June 1, 1862. Discharged for disability March 15, 1863.

222 ROCHESTER.

John Henry Jackson. Born in Dover Oct. 18.35. Brought up by Cyrus Jen-
ness of Rochester. Was a puny boy, but on the farm grew up a strong, hearty
man. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Ke-enlisted Feb. 15,
1864. Promoted Corporal. Captured at Deep Run, Va., Aug. 16, 1864. Died of
cruelty and starvation in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 18, 1864, and was buried
in National Cemetery there.

Jeremiah Jacobs. Carpenter in Construction Corps about five months.

Stephen C. Jacobs. Enlisted in Navy Aug. 1864. Served on "Colorado";
was at Fort Fisher ; afterwards on " Winona " ; in Santee River expedition. Dis-
charged June, 1865. Died of consumption, 1869.

Charles Jenness, Jr. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13. 186.3. Re-enlisted private, Co. D, 1st Reg't Heavy Artil-
lery. Mustered Sept. 4, 1864, Mustered out June 15, 1865.

Freeman Jenness. Corporal, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Re-
duced to ranks Nov. 22. 1861. Deserted at Morris Island July 19, 1863. After-
wards surrendered himself and enlisted in Navy.

George Jenness. In Farragut's Fleet 2 to 3 years.

James M. Jenness. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 18, 1862.
Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps Aug. 1, 1863.

John Jenness. Private, Co. F, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 6, 1862. Re-enlisted
private, Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Dec. 29, 1863, Afterwards in Navy.

Jonathan Ham Jenness. Son of Charles and Betsey (Ham) Jenness, was
born in Rochester Nov. 21, 1842. Was a shoemaker. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Died of measles at Washington, I). C, Feb, 17, 1863.
Buried in Rochester.

Stephen B, Jenness. Substitute for G. F, Falls. Private, Troop I, N. II.
Battalion New England Cavalry. Mustered Dec. 17, 18C1. Promoted Corporal
July 13, 1862.

Stephen S. Jenness. Was seaman four years before the war, and witnessed
the fall of Sumter, In 1862 enlisted in Navy, and served two years. Re-enlisted
private, Co. K, 18th Reg't, Mustered .March 21, 1865. Mustered out May 6, 1865,

George Washington Johnson. Son of Samuel and Hannah, was born in
Strafford July 22, 1827. Was a shoemaker in Rochester 15 or 20 years. Said to
some of his friends he never should forgive himself if he did not enlist. Private,
Co. H, 18th Reg't, Mustered Jan. 28, 1865. "A faithful soldier." Was at the
capture of Richmond. Died suddenly of disease, at AVashington, D, C, May 27,
1865. Buried in National Cemetery at Arlington, Va. Funeral services in his
memory were held at the Gonic Church. Left a wife and five children,

Levi B, Johnson. Private, Co, K, 15th Maine Reg't. Served eight months
and was discharged May 7, 1863,

Robert Johnson, Substitute for John B. Dame, Private, Co. F, 14th Reg't.
Mustered Aug, 14, 1863. Deserted March 18, 1864.

William Johnson. Substitute for Nathaniel Cross. In Navy three years.
Mustered Sept. 20, 1864,

Cyrus Woodbury Jones, Substitute. Private, Co. K, 4th Reg't. After-
wards in a N. Y, Reg't, also in Navy.

George W. Jones, Private, Co, D, 5th Reg't, Mustered Oct. 23, 1861. Dis-
charged for disability April 15, 1863.

Samuel Jones, Enlisted in Navy Aug, 29, 1864. Was at Portsmouth on
"Vandalia" and "Colorado" till December, then on " Ohio," then on transport
'^ Kensington " at Mobile, then on " Portsmouth " at New Orleans. Transferred
Feb, 1865 to " Oneida," cruising in Gulf about Galveston, Discharged Aug. 11,
1865.

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 223

Walter S. Jones. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 23. 1861. Re-
enlisted Jan. 4, 1864. Transferred to Co. C, Veteran Battalion, Jan. 1, 1865.

Christian Jual. Private, Co. A, 7th Reg't. Mustered March 7, 1865. Mus-
tered out July 20, 1865.

Patrick Kay (or Kane) . ]\Iustered in Xavy Sept. 1, 1864.

John Keegan. Private, Co. H, 14th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 12, 1863.
Wounded Sept. 19, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865.

William Kellev. Private, Co. K, 5th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 28, 1863. Sup-
posed to have deserted en route to Reg't.

George M. D. Kent. Private, Co. F, 7th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 19, 1864.
Mustered out July 20, 1865.

Alvah M. Kimball. Private, Co. II, 6th Reg't. Mustered K'ov. 28, 1861.
Served mostly as Quartermaster. Re-enlisted 1st Lieutenant, Co. I, 15th Reg't.
Had sword presented by citizens. Commissioned Nov. 3, 1862. Appointed Com-
missary of Reg't. Resigned Jan. 15, 1863.

Jeremiah Belknap Kimball. Son of Nehemiah and Betsey, was born in
Milton or ]\Iiddleton about 1822. Worked at shoemakingin Rochester for s.everal
years. Private, Co. II, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28, 1861. Died of consump-
tion at Portsmouth Grove, R. I., Oct. 24, 1862, and was buried there. Left a wife.

Josiah B. Ivimball. Commissary-Sergeant, 15th Reg't. Appointed Oct. 30,

1862. Had served as Captain's Clerk before enlisting. Clerk to Brigade Commis-
sary. Discharged for disability May 6, 1863. Died Dec. 10, 1865, cet. 32.

Samuel H. Kimball. Private. Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Dec, 29,

1863. Discharged May 10, 1865.

Louis Kes'G. Private, Co. E, 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863. Deserted
Aug. 18, 1865.

Hosea B. Knox. Substitute for Edward B.Mills. Private, Co. B, 5th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 14, 1863.

Marcenia AV. Lane. Son of Winthrop, who moved to Rochester after his
enlistment.

Joseph Lague. Private, Co. E, 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863. Mus-
tered out Dec. 19, 1865.

William J. Lavender. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered ^ug. 13, 1862.
Wounded in foot at Fredericksburg, May, 1864. Discharged for disabilitv Jan. 12,
1865.

OCTAVio Le Blank, Private, Co. E, 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863.
Wounded June 3, 1864. Died of wounds July 17, 1864.

Narctsse Lebran, Private, Co. E, 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863. Mus-
tered out Nov. 23, 1865.

Elehu Hayes Legro. Son of David, was born in Rochester, July 21, 1827.
Was a Methodist minister stationed at Tam worth, from which place he enlisted.
Private, Co. D, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 27, 1861. Died of disease in Washing-
ton, D. C, Jan. 1, 1863. Brought home and buried under Masonic honors. Pro-
moted Lieutenant about the time of his death. "A man much esteemed for
Christian character."

Edwin G. Leighton. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18G1. Dis-
charged for disability, Oct. 20, 1863. Died soon after reaching home.

Nahala Davis Leighton. Son of Ephraim and Nano3-F., was Ijorn in New
Durham, Nov. 27, 1818. Was a sole-leather cutter in Wallace's factory. Pri-
vate, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. He was taken sick, but a bru-
tal surgeon ordered him on a inarch of 75 miles to Washington. He marched
31 miles in one day. The next day he was exposed to a rain, which prevented
the Reg't from marching. At night the Doctor, at Capt. Edgerly's intercession,

224 ROCHESTER.

sent Leighton a little shelter tent and a man to watch with him. The watcher
deserted his post, and Leighton was found in the morning dead, on the bare
ground, Nov. 14, 1862. This was at White Sulphur Springs, Va., where he was
buried.

Michael Leonard. Private, Co. F, ,5th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 1, 1864.
Mustered out June 28, 1865.

Sumner Lewis. Private, Co. F, 14th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 28, 1863. Mus-
tered out July 8, 1865.

Arthur Libbey. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861. Mus-
tered out Aug. 9, 1861.

Robert M. Libbey. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861.

Archibald Little. Private, Co. F, 5th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 30, 1864.
Deserted at Petersburg, Va., Oct. 10, 1864.

William O. Little. Drummer, Co. D, 12th Reg't. INIustered Jan. 1, 1864.
Died of disease July 18, 1864, near Petersburg, Va., where he was buried.

Henry W. Locke. Second Lieutenant, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Commissioned
Sept. 20, 1861. Had sword presented by citizens. Promoted Caj^tain June 25,
1864. Led his company in the battle of Pocataligo. "Was a tip-top officer —
liked by the boys for his kindness." In 1865 was Post Commissaiy at Browns-
ville, Tex., and had contract for supplying 18,000 men with beef. Resigned
Nov. 1865.

Warren F. Lovejoy. Private, Co. A, 1st Reg't. Mustered April 29, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted i)rivate, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered
Aug. 2.>, 1861. Discharged for disability July 21, 1862. Re-enlisted private,
Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Dec. 30, 1863. Discharged June 19, 1865.

Charles Lynch. Private, Co. G, 5th Reg't. Substitute for Charles A. Giles.
Mustered Aug. 15, 1864. Deserted near Petersburg, Va., Sept. 8, 1864.

James E. JMack. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 23, 1861. De-
serted at jNIanchester, Dec. 25, 1861.

Thomas Mack. An Irishman, whose real name was McNamara, son of Mi-
chael and Bridget, born in Mass. about 1845, a shoemaker, " a very soldierly ap-
pearing and brave young man." Private, Co. A, 1st Reg't. Mustered Aj)ril 29,
1861. Re-enlisted Sergeant, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Se-
vei'cly wounded in leg by the explosion of a torpedo buried by the enemy.
Lived a few days, and the surgeon thought he might possibly have survived, but
he stubbornly refused to have his leg amputated. Died at Morris Island, S. C,
Sept. 16, 1863, and was buried there.

John Mahoney. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Badly
wounded at Port Hudson, May 27, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

Jacob C. Main. First Lieutenant, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Commissioned Dec.
20, 1861. "As good an officer as in the Reg't, in spite of some bad habits."
Resigned March 3, 1863.

Thomas J. Mallard. Private, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861.
Discharged for disability.

Patrick McCormack. Substitute for M. V. B. WentAvorth. Reg't unknown.
Mustered Aug. 17, 1864.

Daniel McCrillis. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Re-
enlisted Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out July 20, 1865. " A good soldier."

David McCrillis. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Dis-
charged for disability Oct. 17, 1861.

John G. McCrillis. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 225

Jabez McDuffee. Private, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861.
Deserted Dec. 13, 1862. Returned May 10, 1865. Mustered out May 11, 1865.

Simon Curtis McDuffee. Son of Louis and Lovev, was born in Rochester,
May 12, 1814. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. His^ con-
stitution was not fitted for hard service, and the surgeon of the Reg't said he
ought not to have been accepted. He, however, performed such service as he
was able and bore his lot cheerfully. From April, 1861, was in the Ambulance
Corps, and died of disease at Washington, D. C., Aug. 14, 1864. Buried there,
but afterwards brought to Rochester.

Michael McHugh. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861.
Mustered out Sept. 27, 1864.

GeorCxE W. Mellen. Private, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861.
Promoted Sergeant. Wounded June 6, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 29, 1864.

George H. Meserve. Private, Co. A, 1st Reg't. Mustered April 29, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted j)rivate, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered
Sept. 18, 1861. Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 1864. Taken prisoner at Drury's Bluflf, and
endured the hoiTors of Andersonville and Salisbuiy. Paroled Nov. 1864. Pro-
moted Sergeant. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865.

Jacob C. Meserve. Private, Co. A, 1st Reg't. Mustered April 29, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered
Sept. 18, 1861. Wounded July 30, 1864. Mainly on guard duty, or cook,
Brigade headquarters. Mustered out Se^it. 27, 1864.

Walter S. Meserve. Landsman in Navy. Enrolled April 5, 1864. On
ship " Vandalia." Discharged for disability June 20, 1864.

James Morrison. Substitute for Dudley B. Waldron, 1863.

James W. Morse. Substitute for Jeremiah Randall. Private, Co. F, 14th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Lost a leg Sept. 19, 1864. Discharged for
disability June 9, 1865.

Hiram P. Murphy. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861.
Re-enlisted Jan. 1, 1864. Promoted Sergeant May 1, 1865. Mustered out July
20, 1865.

John A. Murray. Substitute for Joseph H. McDuffee. Private, Co. D, 8tli
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863.

James Xeeland. Private, Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28, 1861.
Wounded in right shoulder at Antietam. Transferred to Veteran ReseiTe Corps,
Jan. 15, 1864. Discharged Nov. 28, 1864.

Solomon Moses Newland. Born in Sehrberg, Bavaria, about 1841. Had
been in this country two or thi'ee years and worked in Wallace's tannery. Pri-
vate, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Wounded in arm and chest at
Port Hudson, May 27, 1863. Died of his wounds July 4, 1863, and was buried
in the National Cemetery at Baton Rouge, La.

James T. Nichols. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 23, 1861.
Transf eiTed to Veteran Reserve Cor^ss, May 1 , 1864. Slightly wounded below
knee while in camp. Mustered out Jan. 8, 1865.

George H. Nickerson. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

John R. Nute. Carpenter in Construction Corj)s about five months.

John H. Nutter. Enlisted in Navy Aug. 25, 1861. On receiving ship
"Ohio" one month. On store shij? " Brandywine," mostly at Fortress Monroe.
Witnessed "Monitor" fight. Discharged Aug. 28, 1864. Re-enlisted private,
Co. K, 18th Reg't. Mustered March 22, 1865. Mustered out May 6, 1866.

Frederick A. Orne. Sergeant, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

226 ROCHESTER.

James Burleigh Osgood. Son of James H., was born in Rochester, 1841.
An experienced seaman before the war. Enlisted in Navy at Boston. On receiv-
ing ship "Ohio." On the "Hartford,"' the flag ship of Admiral Farragut.
Served nearly three years in many of the most exciting naval battles of the war.
Was first gunner of the forecastle gun. " Showed himself a brave man, — was
a favorite with the whole crew.'' At the storming of the Forts in ^Mobile Bay he
was killed with 12 others by the explosion of a shell, Aug. 5, 1864.

Feancis L. Otis. Private, Co. I, 3d Beg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861.
Wounded July, 1863. Promoted Corporal Sept. 17, 1863. Resigned Oct. 15,

1863. Re-enlisted in same Co. Jan. 1, 1864. Wounded Aug. 17, 1864, Mus-
tered out July 20, 1865.

Fkedekick Otis. Private, Co. I, 3d Regt. • Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Dis-
charged for disability May 9, 1863. Re-enlisted private. Veteran Reserve Corps.
Mustered Dec. 22, 1863.

Orange B. Otis. Sergeant, Co. D, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 27, 1861.
Promoted 1st Lieutenant Nov. 4, 1863. Wounded in left leg June 3, 1864.
Discharged for disability Nov. 28, 1864.

Alphonzo Page. Private, Co. I, 6th Reg't. Mustered Jan. 1, 1864. Dis-
charged for disability Jan. 19, 1865.

James W. Page. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 2, 1864. Mus-
tered out June 10, 1865.

Robert M. Palmer. Musician, Co. A, 1st Reg't. Mustered April 29, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted private. Troop K, 1st Reg't Cavalry.
Mustered Oct. 7, 1861. Captured at Columbia Furnace, Va., Oct. 9, 1864. Five
weeks in Libbey prison, then exchanged. Mustered out Oct. 24, 1864.

•Charles II. Parker. Substitute for William P. Abbott. Private, Co. B,
Sth Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Promoted Corporal. Wounded June 3,

1864. Deserted while on furlough from hospital, Oct. 30, 1864.

Bradley F. Parsons. Enlisted in Navy Sept. 1861. Served 7 or 8 months
on sailing vessel " Onward,"' visiting Western Islands and the Mediterranean.
Re-enlisted Aug. 1864, and served on "Coloi-ado"; was at Fort Fisher; after-
wards Paymaster's Steward on "Winona"; in Santee River expedition. Dis-
charged June, 1865.

Charles Patterson. Substitute for Charles F. Hayes. Private, Co. C, 6th
Reg't. Mustered May 18, 1864. Deserted near Petersburg, Va., Sept. 26, 1864.

William A. Peabody. Private, Co. F, 35th Mass. Reg't.

Abram Pearl. Son of Isaac and Rachel, was born in Rochester, 1812. Pri-
vate, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Wounded in hip and captured
at James Island, S. C, June 16, 1862, while he with John Yelden was trying to
remove their fallen Captain from the field. Died of wounds June 20, and was
buried in National Cemetery at Chai'leston, S. C. Left a wife and five children.

Abram Welch Pearl. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Captured at Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864, and died in Sept. or Oct.
following, at Charleston, S. C.

George O. Pearl. Private, Co. H, 18th Reg't. Mustered Feb. 9, 1865.
Mustered out July 29, 1865.

Charles C. Perkins. Private, Co. D, 2d Reg't. Mustered June 1, 1861.
Deserted Aug. 24, 1862. Returned and was mustered out May 9, 1865.

Duane T. Perkins. Sergeant, Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28, 1861.
Discharged for disability Nov. 17, 1862.

James H. Perkins. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861.
Deserted at Cold Harbor, Va., Jirne 5, 1864. Returned and was mustered out
May 9, 1865.

ROCHESTER IX THE REBELLION. 227

Nathaniel W. Perkins. Substitute for William Toben. Private, Co. B, 1st
Regt. Mustered May 2, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861.

Charles F. Pickering. Private, Troop A, 1st Cavalry. Mustered May 21,
186-4. Mustered out July 15, 1865.

George W. Pickering. Private, Co. D, 5tli Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861.
Discharged for disability.

Theophilus Pickering. Private, Co. A, 2d Mass. Reg"t.

Ebenezer H. Pierce. Corporal, Co. A, 4th Regt. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861.
Re-enlisted in same Co. Feb. 15, 1864. Employed as baker. Absent, sick, after
May 21, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 23, 1865.

John C. Pierce. Corporal, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861.
"Wounded at Antietam, Sept. 17, 1862. Discharged for disability June 13, 1863.

Charles E. Pike. Private, Troop A, 1st Cavalry. Mustered March 19,
1864. In hosi^ital four months. Mustered out Jul}' 15, 1865.

George E, Plnkham. Captain, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Commissioned Nov. 3,
1862. Had sword presented by citizens. " A po^jular officer." Mustered out
Aug. 13, 1863.

John M. Pinkham. Private, Troop E, 1st Cavalry. INIustered April 5, 1865.
Never reached hisReg"t. Mustered out May 6, 1865.

Henry Pitchenger. Substitute for William Rand. Private, Co. K, 5th
Reg't. Mustered Sept. 17, 1864. Transferred to Co. I. Absent in arrest Jime
28, 1865.

James F. Place. Private, 4th Mass. Reg''t. Editor of "Lawrence Daily
Journal." In camp at Wenham, Mass., performed duties of Provost-Marshal.
Went to New Orleans under Gen. Banks, On detached service as Clerk under
CajJt. Swift of Gen. Emery's staff, engaged two months clearing a baj'ou on
Atchafalaya River. Captured at Springfield, four miles below Port Hudson, but
re-captured in a few hours. After the taking of Port Hudson, had charge of gov-
ernment printing-office there a few weeks. Enlisted for nine months, but
remained a year, returning home enfeebled by severe disease.

Leonard F. Place. Sergeant, Co. I, 3d Reg"t. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861.
Promoted 2d Lieutenant July 4, 1862. Had sword presented by citizens. Pro-
moted 1st Lieutenant April 15, 1863. Resigned July 22, 1863.

John ]\I. Plumer. Private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Artilleiy. Mustered Sept. 4,

1864. Mustered out June 15, 1865.

Joseph Hartford Plumer. Son of Ephraim, was born in Rochester, July
31, 1841. Was wool-sorter in factory. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered
May 2, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted Corporal, Co. A, 4th
Reg't. ]\Iustered Sept. 18, 1861. Discharged for disability Oct. 26, 1863. Died
Dec. 6, 1863, twelve days after reaching home.

Narcisse Praugh. Private, Co. F, 2d Reg't. Mustered Nov. 25, 1863. Dis-
charged for disability.

Sidney Prince. Substitute, 1864, for three years. Reg't unknown.

George Prover. Substitute, for three years. Reg't unknown.

Frank PuGSLEY. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Nurse
in hospital. Discharged for disability Oct. 17, 1861. Re-enlisted private, Co.
D, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept. 4, 1864. Promoted Corporal March 22,

1865. Mustered out June 23, 1865.

John Pugsley. Private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept. 4,
1864. Transferred to Co. B, June 10, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865.

James Ramsbottom. Son of John, who came to Rochester about 1840, was
born in England about 1826. Was in the U. S. Navy for about 20 years before
the war. Went by the name of Charles Melvin. Was on board Admiral Faira-

228 ROCHESTER.

gut's flag shii) "Hartford." Was at the capture of Xew Orleans, and the attack
on the Forts in ^Nloljile Bay. The same shell which killed J. B. Osgood (q. v.)
so injured him that it was probably the remote cause of his death. After an
apparent recovery he re-shipped at Portsmouth, but in about two weeks had a
shock of paralysis and was sent home insensible and helpless. He remained in
this condition about 14 months, when he died, Jan. 5, 18G7.

Horace Randall. Private, Co. D, 2d Reg't. Mustered June 1, 18G1. Dis-
charged for disability Aug. 21, 18G1. Re-enlisted in-ivate, Co. H, 9th Regt.
Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted Sergeant April 1, 18G5. Mustered out June
10, 1865.

Charles O. Raxkixs. Private, Co. F, 4th Reg't.

Exos Reavitzer. Born at Bamberg, Germany. Private, Co. I, 3d Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 24, 18G1. Discharged for disability July 29, 1862. Re-enlisted
private, Co. I, loth Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Promoted Corporal Nov. 1,
1862. Wounded in left ankle at Port Hudson and sufiered two amputations.
Discharged Aug. 13, 1863. Built a house in Rochester after the war.

Charles E. Ricker. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861.
Discharged for disability Sei)t 20, 1863.

Isaac E. Ricker. Private, Co. F, 7th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 7, 1861. De-
serted at Manchester Dec. 30, 1861.

Thomas P. Ricker. In Xavy.

WiLLiAji Ricker. Private, Co. D, oth Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861.
Wounded June 3, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 29, 1864.

Harrison Roberts. Carpenter in Construction Corps about five months.

John Harrison Roberts. Son of John L. and Rebecca, was born in Roch-
ester July 30, 1840. Member of Senior Class in Bowdoin College. Said his
country needed his sei'vices more than he needed an education. Corporal, Co. I,
loth Reg't. Mustered Oct. 28, 1802. About the time his term of service ex-
pired was taken Avith diphtheria in Louisiana, but lived to reach Concord, where
he died Aug. 13, 1863. "An ambitious, patriotic, and eveiy way worthy young
man."

John W. Roberts. Corporal, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Wounded May 18, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865.

James Robertson. Substitute, Marine Corps, for four years. Mustered
Aug. 23, 1864.

Nathaniel D. Robinson. Son of David and Martha H., was born at Roches-
ter May 9, 1830. Resided in Lawrence, Mass., Avhere he had a family. Private
in a Mass. Reg't. Died at home March 29, 1869.

Samuel Robinson. Brother of ijreceding, was born Dec. 19, 1840. Private,
Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. ^Promoted Corporal March 15, 1862.
Promoted Sergeant Oct. 15, 1862. Promoted 1st Sergeant. Re-enlisted in same
Co. Feb. 12, 1864. Severely wounded in thigh at Drury's Blufi", Va., May 13,

1864. Promoted 2d Lieutenant May 24, 18G4. Died of wounds in Hospital at
Hampton, Va., June 2, 1864. He was specially cared for by his Masonic breth-
ren, and his body was sent home and bui-ied by them in Rochester. " A veiy
commendable young man, universally esteemed."

Calvin Rogers. Private, Ti-oop K, 1st Cavalrj^ aftenvards N. H. Battalion
of 1st N. E. Cavahy. Mustered Oct. 7, 18G1. Promoted Corporal Oct. 8, 1861.
Promoted Sergeant March 1, 1863. Captured at Kelley's Ford March 17, 1863.
Prisoner at Belle Isle till exchanged in Fall of 1863. Mustered out Oct. 24, 1864.

Stephen Henry Rogers. Son of Edmund and Nancy, was born at New
Durham, 1843. Private, Co. A, 4th Regt. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Re-enlisted
in same Co. Feb. 17, 18G4. Died of disease at Point of Rocks, Va., Jan. 13,

1865. Buried in National Cemetery there, grave No. 134, Section F, Division 1.

ROCHESTER IX THE REBELLIOX. 229

James Ross. Private, Co. D, 7th Reg't. Substitute for John F. Hoyt. Mus-
tered Aug. 14, 1863. Severely -wounded Feb. 20, ISGl. Deserted at Beaufort,
S. C, Dec. 1804.

William Rosier. Substitute for John W. Tebbets. Private, Co. F, 14t]i
Eeg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Deserted at "Washington, D. C, Xov. 30, 1863.

Samtel C. 'Ro^\~E. Private, Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Xov. 28, 1861.
Wounded Sept. 17, 1862. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1864.

James Russell. Substitute for John F. Low. Enlisted Aug. 9, 1864.

AxDREAV Sampsox. Brother of the following. On " Mohican," in Xavy.

John Calyix Sampson. Son of Luther and Mary E., was born in Dover,
Dec. 1, 1839. Resided in Rochester since 1857. Went to Europe as a sailor
twice before he was 17. While at work in the shop the paper brought discour-
aging news fi'om our army. Removing his apron, he tiirned to his employer and
said, " This must be fought out. Somebody must go to the front. You have a
family to support and care for, and must remain ; but it is my duty to go." En-
listed in Xav}-, 1861, and served a vear on board U. S. Man of War " Bainbridge."
Re-enlisted Sergeant, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted 2d
Lieutenant, Co. B. Commissioned April 1, 1863. Promoted 1st Lieutenant, Co.
E, Jan. 1, 1864. When at home on a furlough, learning that his Reg"t was
about to go to the fi'out, he hastened back before his time Avas up. Was killed in
a charge on the enemy's works at Petersburg, Ya., July 30, 1864. His body, re-
covered under flag of ti'uce, was found within the rel)el intrenchments, jjierced
by two minie balls. He was buried in Rochester with both jNlasonic and military
honors, the former conducted by Humane Lodge under Franklin INIcDuftee,
W. M., the latter by Strafford Guards of Dover under Lieut. Yittum. "All
who knew him sjjeak in terms of unfeigned praise of his rare personal merits,
his excellence of character, his pleasing, modest demeanor, his warm, generous-
hearted friendshijD, his determined i^atriotism and unflinching bravery."

LrxHEK B. Sampson. Brother of pi'eceding. Sergeant, Co. K, 84th Penn-
svlvania Reg't. Mustered Oct. 24, 1861. Promoted 2d Lieutenant June 21,
1862. Promoted 1st Lieutenant May 3, 1863. Promoted Captain, Co. F, Sept.
8, 1864. Was in 37 battles. His superior officers testify that he was " esteemed
and admired for gentlemanly deportment, coolness and braverj- on many a hard
fought battlefield."

James Sanders. Private, Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Xov. 28, 1861. Re-
enlisted Jan. 4,1864. Promoted Corporal July 1, 1«G5. Mustered out July 17,
1865.

Betton W. Sargent. Appointed, 1802, Surgeon, 30th ]\lis50ux-i Reg't. Was
at siege and capture of Yicksburg. Afterwards Surgeon on Staff" of Gen.
Thomas while organizing colored Regiments in Tennessee.

Zebadiah Sargent. Corporal, Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 28, 1861.
Discharged for disability May 16, 1863.

William N. Sarles. Private, Co, I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861.
Slightly wounded June 16, 1862. Re-enlisted Feb. 14, 1864. Slightly wounded
May 13, 1864. Promoted Corporal March 22, 1865. Resigned June 1, 1865.
Mustered out July 20, 1865.

Jackson Sham'. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted iDrivate, Co. H, 18tli Reg't. Mustered
Jan. 28, 1865. Wounded in hand. Mustered out July 29, 1865.

George Edwin Shorey. Son of Jeremiah and Eliza, was born in Rochester
Oct. 1848. Private, Troop C, 1st Cavalry. Mustered March 30, 1804. Cap-
tured June 13, 1864, on account of his horse's failing him. Died of cruelty and
starvation amid the hoiTors of Andersonville prison, Aug. 12, 1864. Buried'there
in oT.-ave Xo. 5405.

230 ROCHESTER.

Nathaxiel Shorey. Private, Co. D, 3cl Reg't. Mustered Aug. 23, 1861.
Re-enlisted Feb. 19, 1864. Wounded Aug. 16. 1861:. Promoted Corporal Aug.
24, 18(34. Promoted Sergeant March 2, 18G5. Mustered out July 20, 1865.

Walter Shurhan. Substitute for Noah A. Jenness. Marine Corps. Mus-
tered Aug. 23, 1864.
Howard O. Simon. Private, Co. F., oth Reg't. Mustered April 20, 1862.

Harlow Simonds. Substitute for G. H. Tilton. Private, Co. B, 5th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Died at Brattleboro', Vt., Oct. 18, 1864.

Samuel S. Simoxds. Substitute for Chai-les W. Bickford. Private, Co. C,
5th Reg"t. ]\Iustered Aug. 14, 1863. Promoted Sergeant. Promoted 2d Lieu-
tenant, 36th U. S. Colored Reg't, July, 1864.

John T. Sinclair. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 22, 1862.

Edwin E. Small. Private, Co. K, 18th Reg't. Mustered April 1, 1865.
Mustered out INlay 6, 1865.

James Farrington Sjhth. Son of Charles and Xancy, was born in Roch-
ester June 21, 1823. Private, Co. K, 12th Re^'t. Mustered Sept 10, 1862.
Killed instantly at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Left a wife and five children.

John W. Smith. Enlisted ^Alarch 30, 1867. Served in Indian war in Iowa.
Discharged April 8, 1870.

Joseph Smith. Substitute for George E. Nye. Private, Co. C, 5th Reg't.
Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Wounded June 3, 1864. Promoted Corporal Oct. 20,
1864. Mustered out June 28, 1865.

Richard Smith. Son of Timothy. Enlisted as substitute under name of
Charles Hoyt, Sept. 1863. Discharged Jul}', 1865. Aftei-wards sei-ved thi*ee
years in regular army.

WoODHL'RV Smith. Son of John R. and Lavinia, was born in Rochester
Jan. 7, 1845. Enlisted as substitute^for Alanson B, George of Lempster, imder
name of William Sanborn. Private^ Co. K, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 7, 1863.
Severely Avounded at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Cajjtured and died in prison at
Richmond, Va., June 17, 1804. Buried there in National Cemeterj'.

Joseph F. Spinney. Private, Co. E, 17th Illinois Reg't. Enlisted for three
years, May 25, 1861. Re-enlisted private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered
Sept 4, 1864. Discharged May 16, 1865.

Henry Stansbury. Substitute for J. W. Ham. In Navy three years. Mus-
tered Aug. 22, 1864.

Edavard Stanton. Substitute for Edward C. Hurd. Marine Corps four
years. Mustered Aug. 16, 1864.

James B. Stevens. Corporal, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 15, 1862.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

J. D. Stillinkamp. Substitute. Reg't unknown.

Lyman D. Stone. Substitute for Joseph W. Hurd. Private, Co. F, 5th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Wounded June 3, 1864. Mustered out June
28, 1865.

John S. Sullivan. Private, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861.
Discharged for disability Jan. 28, 1863. Re-enlisted, as substitute for Lafayette
Wiggin, in Marine Coi-ps. Mustered Sept. 16, 1864.

Augustus Taylor. In Navy, 1864.

Charles Teague. Private, Co. C, 18th Reg't. Mustered April 6, 1865.
Mustered out May 6, 1865.

Matthew Teague. Private, Co. D, 1st Heav-y Artillery, Mustered SejDt. 4,
1864. Mustered out June 15, 1865.

ROCHESTER IX THE REBELLIOX. 231

Charles E. Tebbets. Private, Troop A, 1st Cavalry. Mustered March 9,

1864. Mustered out July 15, 1865.

Jeremiah H. W. Tebbets. Sergeant, Co. I, loth Reg't. ]\Iustered Oct. 14,
1862. Promoted Sergeant Major Jan. 18, 1863. Afterwards reduced to ranks.
Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863.

KOAH Tebbets. Corporal, Co. I, 15th Eeg't. Mustered Oct. 22, 1862. Mus-
tered out Aug. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted Private, 5th Reg't. Mustered Feb. 21,

1865. Is member of the U. S. Grant Post, G. A. R., and was one of the thirteen
detailed to guai'd the body of Gen. Grant and accomi^any it to the tomb, and
whose 2:)ortraits ajjiieared in Harper's Weekly of that date".

Samuel H. Tebbets. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861.
Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861.

William Thomas. Substitute for Charles H. Willey. Marine Corps four
years. Mustered Aug. 19, 186-4.

JoHX Thompson. Private, Co. H, 9th Regt. Mustered Aug. 21, 1862.
Wounded at Antietam in right foot, Sept. 17, 1862. Discharged for disability
March 17, 1863. Re-enlisted private, Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Dec.
29, 1863.

Andrew Jackson Thurston. Son of Oliver and Susan, was born in Eaton.
Substitute for Augustus J. Rogers. Private, Co. B, 5th Reg't. Mustered Aug.
14, 1863. Severely wounded at Cold Harbor, June 3, 1864. Hip bone broken.
Died of wound at City Point, Ya., June 25, 1864. Buried in National Cemeteiy
at Arlington, Va. Left a wife, Priscilla, and four children.

Edward D. Tilton. Musician, Co. I, 11th Reg't. Mustered Jan. 2, 1864.
Transferred to Co. C, 6th Reg't, June 1, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865.

George W. Trickey. Private, Co. K, 2d Reg't. Mustered June 8, 1861.
Discharged for disability' July 15, 1861. Re-enlisted private, 12th Maine Reg't,
Oct., 1861. Discharged for disability April, 1862. Re-enlisted Corporal, Co. I,
15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Wounded at Port Hudson in left arm, June
13, 1863. Promoted Sergeant. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1863. Re-enlisted pri-
vate, Co. I, Veteran Reserve Corps. Mustered Sept. 14, 1864. Discharged
Aug. 22, 1865.

John P. Trickey. Private, Co. G, 8th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 23, 1861.
Promoted Sergeant Dec. 1, 1862. Transfen-ed to Cavaliy in Fall of 1863.
Re-enlisted Sergeant in same Co. Jan. 4, 1864. Wounded in arm and foot.
Discharged Jan. 1, 1865.

Joseph Trickey. Son of Jacob and ]Marv, was born in Rochester Aug. 1,
1820. Private, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 23, 1861. Promoted Corporal.
Was in 16 or 17 battles. Wounded at Gettysburg, and bled to death on the tield,
July 3, 1863. Buried in grave No. 2513 National Cemeteiy, Alexandria, Va.
Left a wife and one child.

Alonzo H. Tavombly. Private, Co. D, 6th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 31. 1863.
Wounded July 8, 1864. Mustered out July 17, 1865.

Joseph B. Twombly. Sergeant, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Slightly wounded at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Discharged for disability
March 18, 1863. Re-enlisted in Navy Sept. 3, 1864. Discharged July, 1865.

James Frantclin Tucker. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered Mav 2,
1861. Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted Corporal, Co. H, 6th Reg't.
Mustered Nov. 28, 1861. Re-enlisted private, Co. D, Dec. 25, 1863. Wounded
near Spottsylvania May 18, and died of wounds May 22, 1864, aged about 28.
Left a wife.

George W. Varney. In Navy.

James R. Varney. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered May 2, 1861. ^NIus-
tered out Aug. 9, 1861. Re-enlisted Corporal, Co. H, 6th Reg't. Mustered Nov.

232 ROCHESTER.

28, 1861. Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, Jvily 1, 1863. Discharged for
disability April 15, 1864.

John B. Vakney. Private, 1st Light Battery. Transferred to Co. M, 1st
Heavy Artillery. Mustered Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out JiUie 9, 1865.

Samuel F. Vakney. 2d Lieutenant, Co. D, 5th Reg't. Commissioned Aug.
12, 1861. Had sword i^resented by citizens. Resigned April 13, 1862.

John H. Wakdavell. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Clustered Oct. 14, 1862.
Transferred to Signal Corps, where he served till the Reg't Avas mustered out,
Aug. 13, 1863. After Avar graduated at Dartmouth College Avith high rank.

Charles H. AVaruen. Corporal, Co. K, 2d Reg't. Mustered May 21, 1861.
Wounded at Williamsburg, May 5, 1862. Discharged Jan. 26, 1863.

James E. Warren. PriA'ate, Co. B, 7th Reg't. Mustered Nov. 19, 1861.
Detailed from company as a carpenter most of the time. Mustered out Dec. 22,
1864.

John S. Warren. Appointed Ass't Surgeon, 120th U. S. Colored Reg't,
Aug. 27, 1864. Post Surgeon at Paducah, Ky., Avhile Gen. Thomas Avas organiz-
ing colored Reg'ts. Post Surgeon at City Point, Va., for 6 or 8 Aveeks after
Lee's surrender.

OsMAN B. Warren. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13, 1862.
Promoted 1st Sergeant INLarch 1, 1864. Captured at Spottsylvania, May 12, 1864.
Suffered the indescribable horrors of Andersonville. Was taken to Charleston
and afterwards to Florence, Avhere he Avas exchanged.

Wilbur F. Warren. Private, Troop C, 1st Cavalry. Mustered March 30,
1864. Promoted CorporalJune 1, 1865. ]\Iustei*ed out July 15, 1865.
John Watson. In Navy.
Robert Watson. Substitute for Hiram S. Osborne.

Morris Welch. Private, Co. H, 14th Reg't. Substitute for B. L. E. GoAven,
Mustered Aug. 14, 1863. Deserted Nov. 3, 1863.

Charles F. Wentavoktii. Private, Troop L, 1st Cavalrv. Mustered Dec.
27, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 27, 1864.

Charles H. Wentavorth. Private, Co. H, 9th Reg't. Mustered Aug. 13,
1862. Wounded in shoulder at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Promoted Corpo-
ral Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865.

George S. Wentaa-orth. Enlisted 1861, private, 5th Reg't U. S. Light Ar-
tillery in regular army. Wounded in left shoulder at Gettysburg. Dischai'ged
Oct., 1864.

LOREN H. G. AVentaa-ortii. Enlisted Aug. 5, 1862. Private, 5th N. Y.
Heavy Artillery. Taken prisoner Avhen Gen. j\liles surrendered at Hai-per's
Ferry, and paroled on the spot to prevent re-capture. He says of this surrender,
" It AA'as the meanest thing I CA'er saw." Served three years.

Roland C. Whicher. Substitute for John jM. Avery. Private, Co. B, 5th
Reg't. Mustered Aug. 15, 1863. Wounded June 3, 1864. Deserted from hos-
pital Dec. 4, 1864. Returned and Avas mustered out May 25, 1865.

John White. Priwate, Co. K, 13th Illinois Reg't. Enlisted April 1, 1861.
Re-enlisted in same Reg't. Discharged for disability June 4, 1864.

Patrick White. Substitute for George W. Wentworth.

George Whitefield. Substitute for Dyer P. Hall, 1863.

Nathaniel H. Willard. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept 18,
1861. Deserted Avhile on furlough, July 24, 1864. Returned and mustered out
Sept. 18, 1864.

Charles E. Wilkinson. Son of William. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mus-
tered May 2, 1861. Mustered out Aug. 9, 1861. Died Jan. 26. 1863, vet, 31.

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 233

Wentworth Willey. Son of Enoch T. and Sarah, was born in Dover, June
1, 1837. House carpenter in Rochester since 1849. Private, Co. I, loth Reg't.
Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Died of disease in hospital at Memphis, Tenn., Aug.
8, 1863, and was buried there.

Charles H. "Williams. Private, Co. K, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861.
Re-enlisted Feb. 15, 1864.

John Williams. Private, Co. B, 6th Reg't. Mustered Dec. 31, 1863. De-
serted at Camj) Xelson, Ky., Jan. 16, 1864.

Harry Wilson. Private, Troop K, IST. H. Battalion 1st New England Cav-
alry. IMustered Sept. 6, 1862.

Henry Wilson. Private, Co. B, 1st Reg't. Mustered ]\Iay 2, 1861. Cap-
tured Juh^ 4, 1861. Released on imrole June 3, 1862. Captured again June 16,

1863. After two months at Belle Isle and Libbey prison was exchanged.

John Wilson. Substitute for John F. Twombly. Private, Co. F, 9th Reg't.
Mustered Aug, 17, 1864. Deserted en route to Reg't, Dec, 1864.

Joseph WiNGATE. Private, Co. A, 4th Reg't. Mustered Sept. 18, 1861. Pro-
moted Corporal. Severely wounded at Pocotaligo Bridge, Oct. 22, 1862. Re-
enlisted Sergeant in same Co. Feb. 15, 1864. Wounded in right arm at Drury's
Bluff, May 16, 1864. Promoted 1st Lieutenant, Co. K, Feb. 17, 1865. Com-
manded the Co. at Fort Fisher, also at Raleigh, Aug. 10, 1865. Mustered out
Aug. 23, 1865.

Ichabod Worcester. Private, Co. F, 5th Reg"t. Mustered Aug. 14, 1863.
Wounded June 8, 1864. Discharged for disability May 18, 1865.

Philbrick M. Worcester. Private, Troop C, 1st Cavalry. Mustered April
12, 1864. Mustered out June 8, 1865.

John Yelden. Son of James, was born in Barnstead, C. E., about 1837.
Had lived in Rochester seven years with his mother, whom he supported. Pri-
vate, Co. I, 3d Reg't. Mustered Aug. 24, 1861. Killed at James Island, June
16, 1862, while he with Abram Pearl was trying to remove their fallen Caj)tain.
from the field.

Charles York. Son of Stephen and Kezia, was born in Newfield, Me.,
Dec, 1843. Had lived in Rochester about two years. Private, Troop B, 1st
Cavaliy. Mustered March SO, 1864. Captured, and died under the toitures and
starvation of Andersonville prison, Sej^t. 14, 1864. Buried there in grave No.
8736.

George Frank Young. Son of Alfred A. and Abbie E., was born at Great
Falls, Feb. 14, 1842. Private, Co. I, 15th Reg't. Mustered Oct. 14, 1862. Died
of disease en route from Port Hudson to Vicksburg, July 29, 1863. Buried on
bank of Mississippi.

Joseph Young. Private, Co. D, 1st Heavy Artillery. Mustered Sept. 4,

1864. Mustered out June 15, 1865.

In clue time after the close of the war every town of thorough
loyalty and genuine patriotism erected a monument of some kind,
in honor and commemoration of their fallen heroes. At the annual
meeting in March, 1871, this town appointed Franklin McDuffee,
M. H. Wentworth, and Silas Hussey a committee to investigate and
report in reference to plans and the cost of a Soldiers' Monument.
At an adjourned meeting in August they made an elaborate report
which was ordered to be printed and distributed among the voters.

234 ROCHESTER.

At tlie next annual meeting $3,000 was appropriated " for enclosing
the Common and erecting a Soldiers' Monument according to the
plan recommended," and the same committee together with the
selectmen were directed to carry out the vote. The completed
monument was dedicated Sept. 6, 1872. The oration on the occa-
sion was by Gen. Griffin. C. K. Sanborn was President of the
day, and made a very appropriate introductory speech. Franklin
McDuifee, chairman of the committee, then formally delivered the
monument to the town with fitting remarks, including the follow-
ing statement : —

" There are inscribed on this monument the names of 54 men — all either natives
of this town or residents therein. They did not all count on our quota, but all
were in one sense or another the sons of Rochester. These men all died in the
service, or were discharged on account of disease or wounds received in the ser-
vice, and which resulted in death. This is the rule by which the committee have
been governed in determining whose names should be inscribed on the monument.
We have not placed on the monument the names of any substitutes or non-
residents, but have left spaces on each tablet, so that if it shall appear that names
have been omitted accidentally or wrongfully, they can be inscribed at any time
with little expense."

Edwin Wallace responded with a patriotic and appreciative
speech, in behalf of the town.

At the annual town meeting in 1884 it was

" Voted that the Soldiers' Monument be re-modeled and the statue of a soldier
be erected thereon . . . and 83,000 be appropriated for the same.

" Voted to pay the Freight on four Cannon donated by the Government to
Sampson Post G. A. R. to ornament the Soldiers' Monument."

The following March $500 more was raised to complete the Sol-
diers' Monument, which was re-dedicated May 30, 1885, under
direction of the G. A. R. The account is condensed from the
" Rochester Courier."

The procession formed an imposing array, with sixty Grand
Army boys, Sturtevant Guards, Montolinia and Kennedy Lodges of
Odd Fellows, and St. Jean Baptiste Societe, with the American
and Murphy Bands. At the common was a throng of people num-
bering nearly 5,000. Prayer was offered by Rev. Dr. Bass, followed
by singing by the Rochester Choral Union of seventy voices, under
direction of Col. Whitehouse. The presiding officer was Ezra
Pray, who made the opening address in commemoration of the

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION. 235

dead, after which the monument was unveiled by A. S. Parshley.
Silas Hussey then delivered the monument in brief words to the
town, and John L. Copp replied in an eloquent and patriotic
speech. The Grand Army ceremony of dedication was then per-
formed by Department Commander Collis of Portsmouth, Senior
Yice-Commander Wyatt of jSTorthfield, and Adjutant George Hodg-
don of Portsmouth. The placing of the emblems of the army and
the navy, the musket and anchor, surrounded by a guard of honor,
was a beautiful portion of the exercises. The oration by Major
George S. Merrill was a masterpiece of eloquence. Only a full
report could do it justice. The music was excellent, and every-
thing was conducted in an appropriate and satisfactory manner.

As after the Revolution the Order of Cincinnati was established
to stimulate and perpetuate patriotism and to relieve the necessities
of families of fallen or destitute defenders of liberty, so after the
Rebellion sprang up the Grand Arm}^ of the Republic to stimulate
and perpetuate loyalty to the National government, and to assist
worthy defenders of the Nation's honor or their needy families.

The ritual of the order was written by Col. B. F. Stephenson of
Springfield, HI., who had served as Surgeon of the 14th Illinois In-
fantry, and enjoys the distinction of having organized the first post
April 6, 1866, at Decatur, 111. From this small nucleus developed
the now widely extended and magnificent order of the Grand Army
of the Republic.

Sampson Post No. 22 * was instituted in Rochester Feb. 3, 1870,
being named from Lieut. John C. Sampson whose war record has
already been given. Noah Tebbetts was its first commander. In
1874 the interest in the organization had decreased here as else-
where, and it was thought best to reorganize. A new charter was
obtained Dec. 30, since which time the organization has been kept
alive, though at times through the efforts of a very few. There
are now 84 members, and a good degree of interest in the order.

Decoration day has always been observed. For several years in
its early history the post was enabled to conduct suitable services
by the aid of generous subscriptions obtained mainly through the

•The following record of Sampson Post was prepared by T. H. Edgerly.

236

EOCHESTER.

eflbrts of Hon. James H. Edgerly who, in common with many-
prominent citizens, took much interest in its welfare. Of late years
the sum of one hundred dollars has been annually appropriated by
the town for this purpose.

A large amount of money has been expended by this post in aid-
ing needy comrades, and its charity has not been confined to its
own membership, but other needy comrades or families of those
who once wore the blue have been dealt with generously. Indeed
the books show that more money has been expended for their aid
than for that of members. Funds for this purpose have been ob-
tained by means of Fairs and other entertainments, and the citizens
of the town have never failed to respond liberally to appeals iu its
behalf.

The post has naturally taken much interest in such town affairs
as the erection of a Soldiers' Monument. The original monument
was dedicated under its auspices Sept. 5, 1872, and largely through
eflbrts of its members the present monument was erected, and dedi-
cated May 30, 1885. The cannon near the monument were applied
for on suggestion of Cyrus K. Sanborn, Esq., and were given by
act of Congress to the Post and by it to the town.

Sampson Post attended the National Encampment of the G. A. R.
at Portland, Me., in 1885, accompanied by the American Band, whose
services were paid for by the citizens. The post was also at the
Soldiers' Reunion at Manchester, and in 1884 and 1886 at the Re-
union at the Wiers. It has also been present on other patriotic and
military occasions, notably the dedication of the Soldiers' Monu-
ment at Dover.

The annual Cami^ Fire of the post is an occasion of great interest
not only to its members but to its numerous friends as well. Then,
as on other suitable occasions, its members have sought to teach the
great lessons of its motto, " Firiternity, Charity^ and Loyalty"

The post has had the following Commanders : —

Noah Tebbetts, 1870.
Osman B. Warren, 1871, '72.
Wilbur F. Warren, 1873.
Sherwood W. Goodwin, 1874.
Edward L. Kimball, 1875, '79,

'80.

John F. Billings, 1876. 77. '78.
Charles W. Dame, 1881, '82.
Thomas H. Edgerly, 1883, '84.
Charles E. Pike, 1885.
Ira B. Dennett, 1886, '87.

The following list includes all who have been members from the
beginning.

ROCHESTER IN THE REBELLION.

237

The * denotes present members (1887).

Edward F. Eicker, Corp., 29th Me.

* Osman B. Warren, 1st Serg't, 9th N. H.

* Wilbur F. Warren, Serg't, 1st N. H.

Cavalry.
Noah Tebbetts, 15th N. H.
Charles R. Brackett, 4th J^T. H.
James McCrellis, 3d N. H.

* Lewis McD. Hussey, 1st N. H. ; Capt.,

4th N. H.
James Howell.
John Beecher.

* John F. Billings, Serg't, 14th Mass.
John Burke, 6th N. H.

Cyrus Brackett, 18th N. H.

* G. E. Butler, 15th Mass. Bat.
Owen Carroll. Navy.

B. F. -Chesley.
H. M Coffin.

* Charles W. Folsom, Navy.
Edward Horney, Mus. 9th N. H.
Harland P. Horne, 18th N. H.
Charles G. Horuey, 15th N. H.
Albert Horney, 1st N. H. Art.

* James Nealand, 6th N. H.

*G. W. Rollins, 1st U. S. Art.; Corp.,
200th Penn.

* J. L. Rollins, 19th Mass.
Horace Eandell, 9th N. H.

B. W. Sargent.
George W. Trickey.
Matthew Teague.

* John P. Trickey, 1st Serg't, 8th N. H.

* John White.

Charles E. Hammett, 15th N. H.

* George W. Hurd, 4th N. H.
Luther B. Sampson, Capt., 84th Penn.

* J. B. Stevens, 15th N. H.

C. W. Johnson.

Enos Rewitzer, 3d N. H. ; 15th N. H.
Charles Wentworth, Corp., 9th N. H.

* Sherwood W. Goodwin, 8th N. H.

E. E. Small, 18th N. H.
G. W. Tanner.

Charles Teague, 18th N. H.
W. C. Tufts, 27th Me.
Charles Dore, Corp., 2d N. H.
William S. Hixon, Navy.

F. A. Orne, 15th N. H.
Stephen Colby.

* Albion N. Goodwin, 8th N. H.
Joseph Spinney, 17th 111. ; 1st N. H.

Heavy Art.

* Charles E. Blackmar, Serg't, 9th N. H.
F. S. Giles, Corp., 17th U. S. Inf.
Fred A. Kimball, 31st Me.

Charles W. Thompson, Navy.
Hiram W. Ellis, 15th Me.
George Blackmar, 35th Mass.
Fernando Gale, 2d Conn. ; 2d 111. Light
Battery.

* J. C. Logan, 2d N. H.

* W. C. Mallette, 31st Me.
Frank Mathes, 7th U. S. Inf.

* Thomas H. Edgerly, Yeom,, Navy.
John Collins, Navy.

* Charles E. Pike, 1st N. H. Cav.

* William H. Watson, 13th N. H.

* Thomas S. Pease, 13th N. H.
William H. Randall, 1st N. H. Heavy

Artillery.
Sylvester Ham, Serg't, 9th N. H.

* Edward L. Kimball, Serg't, 1st N. H.

Cavalry.

* Marion H. Osgood, 14th Me.

* James Collins.

John D. Murrey, Surgeon's Steward,
Navy.

* J. L. Davidson, F. C. Fireman, Navy.
Jirstin M. Leavett, 1st Me. Heavy Art.

*Ira B. Dennett, Corp., 30th Mass.

* Thomas C. Heuham, 5th Mich. Cav.

* Henry Wilson, Corp., 1st N. H. Cav.
Fred Otis, 3d N. H.

William H. Drew, Drummer, 18th

N. H.
A. J. Harriman, 18th N. H.
Joseph Burckstead, 1st N. H. Heavy
Artillery.
*I. E. Watson, 24th Me.
William B. Kenuard, Serg't, 16th Me.
AVilliam Watson, 13th Me.
Bart Welch, Serg't, 3d Vt.
George F. Hurd, 1st N. H. Heavy Art.
Amos Gale, 8th N. H.
James McDonald. 51st N. Y.
John Fletcher, 2lst Me.

* Kings. Hill, 31st Me.

« Charles W. Dame, Corp., 26th Mass.
*Lewis F. Horne, 15th N. H. ; 18th
N. H.

* John D. Parshley, Serg't, 13th N. H.
James Finnegan, 7 th N. H.

* Jeremiah Hall, Corp., 3d N. II.
Patrick O'Gorman, Music, 13th N. J.
Frank L. Avery, 1st N. H.; Corp., 5th

N. H.

* James F. Mclntire, 1st N. H. Heavy

Artillery.
John F. Thompson, 16th Me.

* Walter Meserve, Navy.

238

EOCHESTER.

James W. Rollins, 12th N. H.
*Zebadiah Sargent, 6tli N. H.

Charles S. Burnham, 8th N. H.

Warren S. Whitehouse, 1st N. H.
Heavy Art.

Joseph M. Cleare, 2d Mass. Cav.

Calvin Rogers, Serg't, 1st N. H. Cav.

Nehemiah Colbath, 2d N. H.
*Johu W. Chesman, 1st Mass.

George B. Jenness, 5th N. H.

* James F. Marshall, Corp., 12th N. H.

* Owen Henwood, 10th N. H.

* Stephen Brock, loth Mass. Bat.

* Walter S. Hussey, 3d X. H.

* Lewis D. Yeaton, 8th Me.
George D. Clark, 15th N. H.

*Enos L. Glidden, 1st N. H. Heavy Art.

* A. S. Parshley.

* Frank Sleeper, Corp., 8th N. H.
*E. S. Moore, 1st Me. Cav.
*Elbridge W. Howard, 3d X. H.
*Johu H. Nutter, IstN.H. Heavy Art.

* Charles A. Glidden, 11th N. H.

* Edward F. Goodwin, 2d Mass. Heavy

Artillery.

* Sylvester O. Boody, 27th Me.

* Horace L. Worcester, Navy.

* Daniel M. Philbrick, 18lh N. H.
*N. C. Phillips, Quartermaster, Navy.

* John Pugsley, 1st N. H. Heavy Art.

* Oliver Hussey, 8th N. H.

* George W. Pickering, 5th N. H.

* Nicholas Brock, 1st N. H. Heavy Art.

* George A. Bennett, 50th Mass.

* Charles C. Rowe, 8th N. H.
*A. L. Abbott, 2d N. H.

* Charles W. Edgerlv, Capt., 9th N. H.

* James T. Nichols, 8th N. H.
*S. E. Root, 9th Mich.

*J. H. Duntley, 5th N. H.
George L. Hersom, 2d Lieut., 5th N. H.

* Charles F. McKusick, 6th Me.
*A. F.Berrv, 8th N. H.

* Lewis A. Chesley, Serg't, 5th N. H.

* Wesley R. Home, Corp., 5th N. H.

* George F. Richardson, Capt., 8th N. H.

* Albert F. Seavey, 13th N. H.

* John A. Dillingham, 27th Me.

* Charles G. Jenness, Corp., 1st N. H.

Cavalry.
*B. Frank Grover, 4th Mass. Heavy Art.

* L. D. Hamlin, 20th Mass. ; 7th Penn.

* Andrew R. Hayes, 1st R. I. Cav.; Ist

N. H. Heavy Art.

* Riley H. Parker, 9th N. H.

* Charles B. Gafney, Capt., 13th N. H.

* Daniel Hussey, 15th N. H.

* John H. Pingree.

* Patrick Foy.

* Maynard Russell, 1st Mass.

CHAPTER XII.
CHURCH HISTORY SINCE 1819.

" Over the roofs of the pioneers
Gathers the moss of a hundred years ;
On man and his works has passed the change
Which needs must be in a century's range.
But fresh and green from the rotting roots
Of the primal forest the young growth shoots;
From the death of the old the new proceeds,
And the life of truth from the rot of creeds;
On the ladder of God which upward leads
The steps of progress are human needs."

As already noticed, the year 1819 marks the transition from a
somewhat compulsory support of religious institutions to a system
entirely voluntary. Many Christian people were discouraged and
disheartened. They feared not so much for their own particular
church, as for the cause of religion itself. They were certainly
grieved that other sects were coming in to divide the field, but the
best people were far more anxious lest many should drift away
entirely from the house and the worship of God. Eesults have long
since demonstrated that though their fears were by no means
groundless, yet on the whole the free system secures a higher degree
of purity in the church, and consequently more reverence for real
religion among the people at large. Notwithstanding the prevalent
neglect and the various evils that infest modern society, we have
no reason to look back with regret to the days of the fathers.
For the best church work, and the highest types of Christian life
and character, we have no need to turn lamenting to the past,
but rather rejoicing and hopeful to the present and the future.

The parish accounts had been kept separate from the town
accounts since 1791, and the two bodies were legally separated
in 1819. But the Congregational Society had no corporate exist-
ence till four years later, as shown by the following records.

" Ap. 4, 1823. At a Meeting of a respectable number of the inhabitants of
Rochester assembled at the Meeting House, — Voted to form themselves into a

240 ROCHESTER.

Society by the name of the first Congregational Society in the Town of Roch-
ester."' ... A Constitution "offered by Mr. Thomas (J. Upham" was adopted
and the meeting adjourned to April 9. At the adjourned meeting the society
was formed " under the Act of this State passed February 8* 1791 ; subject
only, however, to the limitations in the Act passed July 1"', 1819."

In May, Tobias Twomblj, "Wm. Hurcl, and Samuel Allen were
appointed " to make arrangements for the accommodation of the
Singers." This committee built pews in the gallery and sold
them at auction agreeable to the following notice.

" Dox't Forget.

" Will be sold at Publick Auction on Friday 4'*' of July Next thirteen new &
elegant Pews in the Gallery of the Meeting House. Sale to commence on the
premises at 8 O clock forenoon and will be closed with dispatch. As the
order for celebrating the day will about this time demand particular attention.
Terms liberal and made known at the sale.

"Rochester June 28, 1823. "Hatevil Knight Auctioneer,

"By William Hurd."

These pews sold at prices varying from $7.50 to $22.50 each.
The plan preserved in the records is on the opposite page.

" Aug. 9, 1824, Voted to alter the original Plan of the back privileges in the
North East and South West galleries So that there be only Six Pews instead
of eight in each gallery," also " to build a line of Free Pews on the back of the
Frontt Gallery, and to use the Old Seats in the Galleries in building the line of
Free Pews."

May 3, 1823, it was voted to raise $175 for preaching. The
Massachusetts Society for promoting Christian Knowledge had
made them a grant of one hundred dollars annually for five years,
on condition that they should settle " Thomas C. Upham or some
other minister approved by this board." This offer was accepted
with thanks " for their generous proposal." In June a call was
extended to Mr. Upham to become colleague pastor with Mr.
Haven, who " is so worn out with age that he feels no longer
able to perform the duties of his station and wishes to have a
Colleague in his day to take the duties of a Gospel Minister upon
himself." The salary offered was $350 in addition to the $100
granted by the Christian Knowledge Society, with four Sabbaths'
leave of absence.

The Ordination took place July 16, 1823. Rev. John Tompson
of South Berwick, Me., was Moderator of the Council, and Rev.
Jona. French of Xorth Hampton, Scribe. The services were as

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY.

241

Passage.

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PLAN OF PEWS IN GALLERY.

242 ROCHESTER.

follows : — Introductory Prayer, Rev. Josiali Prentice of North-
wood ; Sermon, Rev. I. W. Putnam of Portsmouth ; Consecrating
Prayer, Rev. Asa Piper of Wakefield ; Charge, Rev. John Tomp-
sou; Right Hand of Fellowship, Rev. Jona. French; Concluding
Prayer, Rev. Samuel Chandler of Eliot, Me.

The ministry of Mr. Upham, though short, was of great value
to the church. Probably no man could have been found better
adapted for the work needed at that time. His relations to the
senior pastor were thoroughly harmonious and cordial, and the
discourse he gave at Mr. Haven's funeral showed how well he
appreciated the work and character of his father in the ministry.
Oct. 23, 1823, the Church met at Mr. Haven's house and adopted
a new Covenant and Confession of Faith. The latter was quite
elaborate, containing eleven articles. At the same meeting Ensign
Nathaniel Hayes was chosen deacon. Perhaps the most important
act of the church for half a century was the following : —

" Voted, that the system of Church fellowship, called the Half-way Covenant,
being found to be prejudicial to the interests of religion be discontinued."

As seen in a preceding chapter, this old usage had divided and
almost dissevered the church a generation before. Its root was
in the quasi union of Church and State, and when this union was
wholly severed, almost no one had any interest in retaining the
disastrous custom. So passed away quietly one of the worst evils
that ever infested the church.

The next church record is as follows : —

" March 23, 1824. Voted also to purchase a silver cup or tankard, as might
be thought best for the use of the Table from money left by our deceased
brother, Mr. Buzzel, with a suitable inscription on the same."

" Voted that after purchasing the silver cup . . . the remainder of the hundred
dollars left with Mr. Hurd, who should take from the same whatever he might
want in order to make out the sum Given by him for the Bell on the Meeting
House, agreeably to Mr. Buzzel's Will, and that whatever then remained should
be returned to the Church."

" The Above votes are connected with the fact, which ought to be recorded
here in honor of the memory of the deceased, that John B. Buzzel, a member
of this Church, who died Jan. 6, 1824, left at his decease an hundred dollars
for the use of the Church."

As far as can be ascertained no one now knows anything of this

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 243

bequest. The January following, Maj. Samuel Allen was chosen
deacon.

Mr. Upham having been appointed to a professorship in Bow-
doin College was dismissed by a Council Feb. 11, 1825, closing
his labors in May. The following record is in a fair, clear hand,
neither the pastor's nor the clerk's : —

"Rochester May 29 — 1825.

"This day the Rev, Thomas Cogswell Upham closed his labours in the pas-
toral office, by delivering a farewell discourse to the people of his charge, he
having accepted the Professorship of Metaphysicks and Moral Philosophy in Bow-
doin College. Daring his residence at Rochester, as pastor of the church, which
continued 22 months, there were 12 communion seasons, at which 53 persons
were admitted to the church, of which one was by letter, and one upon her
dying bed. There was but one communion season at which no addition was
made to the church. Forty-five baptisms were administered, viz., 12 children
and 33 adults ; 3 were baptized by Mr. Haven, the rest of the adults and the
children by Mr. Upham."

Thomas Cogswell Upham, son of Hon. l!^athaniel and Judith
(Cogswell) Upham, was born in Deerfield Jan. 30, 1799, but
removed with his parents to Rochester in infancy. He graduated
at Dartmouth College in 1818, and at Andover Theological Sem-
inary in 1821 ; was Professor of Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics
in Bowdoin College from 1824 to 1867; received the degree of
D. D. from Wesleyan University in 1843, and LL. D. from Rut-
gers College in 1870. In 1867 he removed to Kennebunkport,
Me., and died in ISTew York City April 1, 1872. He married
Phebe, daughter of Nathaniel Lord of Kennebunkport, Me., in
May, 1825. He was the author of a large number of valuable
books, the most noted of which are " Elements of Mental Philos-
ophy," with an abridgment of the same, a " Treatise on the Will,"
the " Interior or Hidden Life," and the " Life and Religious
Opinions of Madame Guyon." He published also a series of
poems entitled " American Cottage Life," and " Letters from
Europe, Egypt, and Palestine." He combined in a remarkable
degree keenness and depth of thought with simplicity and clear-
ness of expression. When he came to Rochester Mr. Haven had
become old and somewhat broken with years. Mr. Upham said
afterwards " the preaching had so run down that the people did
not expect much." It was his custom to spend four daj-s of each
w^eek walking and visiting from house to house, talking religion
wherever he went. In the two remaining days he would hastily

244 ROCHESTER.

" scratcli off" two sermons for the ensuing Sunday. Visiting
Eochester in 1868 he said that people had now become trained
to expect good sermons and would not tolerate such as he then
gave. In his visits he was in the habit of saying to the people
that it was only fair, as he had taken so much pains to come
and see them, that they should return the compliment by coming
to see and hear him the next Sunday. In two or three weeks
the house was filled, and, as already noticed, a continuous revival
followed. Mr. Upham was eminent for the fervor and depth of
his piety. He made a written consecration of himself " unreserv-
edly to his Redeemer" at the age of eighteen. Throughout his
life he was in the habit of talking directly of personal religion
wherever he went. At the college he kept a list of the students,
and called every day upon some of them for the purpose of relig-
ious conversation. In his latter days he was frequently meeting
persons who had been converted through the influence of his
writings. The mystic " quietism " of Madame Guyon fascinated
his mind by its agreement with his own deep experience. He
died, as he had lived, peaceful, quiet, wholly trusting in his divine
Redeemer. " A good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith."
He was among the great men of his generation, whose memory
will not soon fade away.

After Mr. ITpham left, the church remained six months without
a pastor, and the Society voted that they preferred to hire rather
than to settle a minister. But in November the Church extended
a call to Isaac Willey, who was then a young man just finishing
his theological studies. After several meetings and conferences
with Mr. Willey, the Society joined in the call, and voted to pay
him $500 per annum. Mr. Willey hesitated, thinking the salary
too small. The Society stated that they were sensible the sum
was small, but " should it be inadequate, it is not to be doubted
that there are many persons who would voluntarily contribute in
order to make the salary equal to the exigencies of their minister."
In these circumstances Mr. Willey signified his acceptance Dec.
25, 1825. David Barker, Jr., James Tebbets, Samuel Page, Na-
thaniel Upham, and Tobias Twombly were appointed to make
arrangements for the Ordination, which occurred Jan. 18, 1826.
Rev. Dr. Tyler, President of Dartmouth College, was Moderator

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 245

of the Council, and Rev. Jona. French, Scribe. The services
were as follows: — Introductor}^ Prayer, Rev. Geo. AV. Campbell
of South Berwick, Me.; Sermon, Rev. Bennett Tyler, D. D., of
Hanover; Consecrating Prayer, Rev. Joseph W. Clary of Dover;
Charge, Rev. Jona. French of ITorth Hampton ; Right Hand of
Fellowship, Rev. Jona. L. Hale of Campton ; Address to Church,
Rev. Federal Burt of Durham ; Concluding Prayer, Rev. James
Walker of Farmington.

Mr. Willey remained here nearly eleven years, and his pastorate
left a marked practical impress on the church and people. It
was just the period when the temperance reform began, and he
took up the work with enthusiastic determination. He obtained
noted lecturers from abroad, and by persistent effort at last aroused
the church to take a square stand on the subject. The year 1832
was one of special activity. At a church meeting May 4,

" Two subjects were brought forward by the pastor. One the importance of
the church's taking some decided measures in regard to temperance, the other
the importance of taking some measures in regard to the better observance of
the Sabbath."

More particulars will be given in another chapter. About this
time there were extensive revivals throughout the country, and
Rochester shared in the work. Protracted meetings were held,
and the house w^as crowded. On one Sabbath Mr. Willey asked
those who were interested to rise, and more than a hundred re-
sponded. There were only nine male members of the church at
that time. Two of these, including one of the deacons, had been
disciplined for intemperance, and the others were more or less
guilty of the same offence. The church was considerably purified
and strengthened by the revival.

In 1827, under the direction of Mr. Willey, was made the first
canvass of the town for the distribution of Bibles. Seventy fam-
ilies were found without a Bible, thirteen in one school district.
After the distribution it was known that some copies were sold
for rum, and one, at least, was burned.

In the first year of Mr. Willey's pastorate this church united
with the Methodists in a Union Sabbath School, probably the
first Sabbath School in Rochester. At the end of a year it was
decided to hold Sabbath Schools in each church separately. (See
Appendix.)

246 ROCHESTER.

In 1833 a meeting was called " to determine whether the rela-
tions of Mr. Willey and this Society shall cease by mutual consent."
A week later it is recorded that " arrangements having been made
for securing the payment of Rev. Mr. Willey 's salary," he was
requested to remain.

The next year, Mr. Willey having been chosen Secretary of
the ^N". H. Missionary Society, a Council was called to advise con-
cerning his dismission. This Council met Sept. 22 and 23, 1834,
but came to no decision, and adjourned one month. Oct. 22,
"after much deliberation and prayer" the Council advised his
dismission. Thus closed the longest and in many respects the
most important pastorate of the modern period of this church
history.

Isaac Willey, son of Darius and Mary (Pulsifer) Willey, was
born at Campton Sept. 8, 1793 ; graduated at Dartmouth College
in 1822; studied Theology with President Tyler and Prof. Shurt-
lefF at Hanover, spending the year 1825 as a resident licentiate
at Andover, Mass. ; was Secretary of the K H. Missionary Society
from 1834 to 1837, and then pastor of the Congregational Church at
GofFstown, for fourteen years ; was agent of the American Bible
Society, and Secretary of the 'New Hampshire Bible Society from
1850 till 1875; removed from Goftstown to Pembroke in 1865,
where he died Oct. 24, 1883, at the age of ninety years. He
was a man of excellent spirit, devoted to the service of Christ,
thoroughly in earnest in every good work. His work here in the
temperance cause cannot soon be forgotten. He was generally
wise and prudent, and was rarely at a loss what to do in an
emergency. In one case, however, he was completely foiled.
Calling on one of his deacons who was badly given to drink, at
the tea table he asked him this question: "Deacon, if you had
a dog who had become mad, and had bitten your own and the
neighbors' children, would you kill him or keep him?" The
deacon perceiving the drift of the question, instantly replied, "I
would keep him!" and for once the parson had nothing to say.

Mr. Willey published a History of the Kew Hampshire Bible
Society, and of the Congregational Churches in Campton and
Pembroke.

Mr. Willey was a true man, kind, helpful, and encouraging to

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 247

the younger brethren in the ministry, sincere, earnest, faithful in
all his public and private relations. All who knew him regarded
him with respect and aifection. Many can still " bear witness to
his sound doctrine, his cheerful faith, his gospel gentleness, his
tender fidelity, his willingness to spend and be spent in every
good work, and his strong practical common sense in the pulpit."

IlTov. 21, 1836, the Church voted to call Edward Cleveland at
a salary of $500. He was ordained and installed Jan. 11, 1837.
Rev. Jonathan Ward of Barrington was Moderator of the Council,
and Rev. Mr. Smith of Great Falls, Scribe. The services were
as follows: — Introductory Prayer, Rev. Alvan Tobey of Durham;
Sermon, Rev. Mr. Fitz of Ipswich, Mass. ; Ordaining Prayer, Rev.
Mr. Holt of Portsmouth ; Charge, Rev. Jonathan Ward ; Right
Hand of Fellowship, Rev. Mr. Smith; Address to People, Rev.
David Root of Dover; Concluding Prayer, Rev. Benjamin G.
Willey of Milton.

October 30 of the same year Mr. Cleveland was dismissed at
his own request on account of insufiicient salary.

Edward Cleveland, son of Hosmer and Fluvia (Bissell) Cleve-
land, was born in Shipton, C. E., Dec. 9, 1804; graduated at
Yale College 1832; received his Theological education at Yale
Seminary, and preached a year in Hanover, Conn., before coming
to Rochester. After leaving here he was engaged in teaching for
five years ; was six years pastor and teacher in Bath, N^. H.; and
afterwards spent a long and laborious life in preaching and teaching
in Vermont, Canada, and the West. He published a history of
his native town, also a poem entitled " The Stream of Time."
He died in Burlington, Kan., Sept. 29, 1886.

In January, 1839, a call was extended to Francis V. Pike oftering
a salary of $600, and he was ordained and installed Feb. 20, with
the following services: — Invocation and Reading Scriptures, Rev.
Alvan Tobey of Durham ; Introductory Prayer, Rev. Joseph
Loring of Lebanon, Me.; Sermon, Rev. Edwin Holt of Ports-
mouth; Ordaining Prayer, Rev. Benjamin G. Willey of Milton;
Charge, Rev. Andrew Rankin of South Berwick, Me. ; Right'
Hand of Fellowship, Rev. John R. Adams of Great Falls ; Con-
cluding Prayer, Rev. Samuel Nichols of Barrington.

248 ROCHESTER.

About this time the Piscataqua Association of ministers pre-
pared a series of Articles and Confession of Faith which they
recommended to the churches for adoption. This church referred
the matter to a committee, who reported in favor July 5, 1839.
Action was, however, deferred, and they were finally adopted
Jan. 8, 1843.

In 1840, after " a day of fasting and prayer," a protracted meeting
was held which resulted in a revival whereby twenty-one were
added to the church.

The relations between Mr. Pike and the church were entirely
harmonious, but in September, 1841, he was dismissed at his own
request, because they found themselves unable to continue the
same rate of salary.

Francis Vergnies Pike was born at Newburyport, Mass., Jan.
2, 1813 ; graduated at Yale College 1831 ; at Audover Seminary
1835; and died at IN'ewburyport, Sept. 4, 1843.

At a meeting of the Society July 25, 1842, the following vote
was passed : —

" Whereas the Congregational Meeting House has been long built viz. in
1780 & two Towns have since been taken off this Town & what more effects
the interest of the Society is that the number of those that attend meeling in
said House are greater that live North of said House & it would convene &
accommodate the Society better to have the Meeting House removed further
north into or near the centre of the Village & nearer the centre of the popu-
lation of the Parish —

" Therefore resolved That this Society deem it necessary for the best interests
of the Society to remove their Meeting House from its present situation to
some situation nearer the Centre of the Village & that the house be thoroughly
repaired and fitted up in modern style.

'■'■Also resolved and voted that in consideration that James Tibbets, Samuel
Stackpole, Benj'^ Barker and others associated with them propose to the Society
and have mutually agreed with each other to provide a lot and house for public
worship nearer the centre of the village than the house stands and appropriate
it to a place of worship for the Society, that in Consideration of these promises
the Society does hereby absolutely & wholly so far as the right in said House
pertains to them, relinquish and quit-claim said right to said Tebbets and those
associated with him, and give them liberty to remove said House at their
pleasure."

The parties to whom the meeting-house was thus conveyed
divided the expense into shares of $50 each. They were to build
and own the house, selling the pews to help pay for it, and if
there should be any money over expenses, it was to be divided

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 249

among tliem in proportion to their several shares. The subscription
list, dated August, 1841, is as follows: —

" Ezra Hayes. Jonathan T. Seavey, Widow Sarah McDuffee, Aaron Flagg,
George W. FJagg, Benjamin Hayes, Widow Mehitable Young, one half share
each; James Tebbitts, Benjamin Barker, Charles Henderson, Jonathan T. Dodge,
John McDuffee, Jr., Lydia March, Stephen i\I. Mathes, John F. Folsom, Jacob
Smart, N. V. Whitehouse, James Y, Hayes, Calvin Hale, Elizabeth Hale, Luther
Hale, Alfred Hale, one share each ; Samuel Stackpole, John Roberts, Jr., Francis
V. Pike, Mrs. E. Hale, two shares each; and J. H. Woodman, three shares."

Mr. Pike having left was not called on for his subscription,
but Prof. T. C. TJpham gave one share, making the whole amount
^1,425. The sale of pews netted $2,265, just about covering the
whole expense.

In October, 1842, a call was extended to Rev. John E. Farwell
of Castine, Me., offering $500 salary. John McDuffee, Jr., Richard
Kimball, and J, H. Woodman were the committee of arrangements.
His acceptance was dated July 22, 1843, and he was installed
Aug. 16. The council met Aug. 15, the new house was dedicated
in the forenoon of the next day, and the installation services were
in the afternoon, as follows : — Reading Scriptures, Rev. Joseph
Loring of Lebanon, Me.; Introductory Prayer, Rev. E. D. Eldridge
of Hampton ; Sermon, Rev. J. S. Young of Dover ; Installing
Prayer, Rev. Benjamin G. Willey of Milton ; Charge, Rev. Charles
Walker of Wells, Me. ; Right Hand of Fellowship, Rev. Samuel
Bean of Great Falls; Address to People, Rev. Isaac Willey of
Goffstown ; Concluding Prayer, Rev. Samuel Nichols of Barrington.

Prof Upham never lost his interest in the home of his child-
hood and the church of his early manhood, as the following
record plainly attests : —

" By the persevering assistance of Prof. T. C. Upham the subscription for the
parsonage was completed & the conveyance made to the Chh. & parish May 27,
1845.'*

Though the meeting-house had been moved, repaired, and ded-
icated, there was still great need of a room for social meetings.
By special effort of the ladies this was secured, as seen by the
following record : —

Feb 26, 1846. " Held our Monthly Chh. meeting for the first time in our
vestry which was finished off under the Chh. by the united avails of a Tea-
party on the 4'^ of July last & a Singing School this winter." A part of the

250 ROCHESTER.

basement was still used for a store room, as the Society voted in April, 1849,
" that fifty cts be required of all persons for the storage of each sleigh under
the Meeting House during the Summer & seventy five cts for each Carriage
during the Winter."

At the annual meeting in 1846 the Society found they were
owing Mr. Farwell over §460 on his salary, which they paid by
borrowing money. This course naturally led to the next year's
record of notice to the pastor that they could thenceforth pay no
more than $425 with the use of the parsonage. The final result
could not have been otherwise than a dismission of Mr. Farwell,
which occurred in January, 1852, he having preached here nine
years.

John Edward Farwell was born at Ashby, Mass., Dec. 9, 1809,
and graduated at Amherst College 1836, and at Andover Theo-
logical Seminary 1839. " He became interested in personal re-
ligion " while a student in the Academy at New Ipswich, " and
after a period of darkness and doubt, he found the light which
shone more and more brightly to the end." He was ordained as
an Evangelist at Ashby Oct. 30, 1839, being under appointment
as a missionary of the American Board, but his failing health
compelled him to relinquish the purpose. He preached for two
years at Castine, Me., before his settlement here. After leaving
Rochester he was for a time at St. Johnsbury, Vt., where he ac-
cepted a call to settle, but by advice of physicians finally gave it
up. He became acting pastor at Pelham, where he continued to
preach as long as his failing strength would allow. The last time
he preached was while on a visit at Rochester. " He was then
very feeble and it was known he could not recover. He was the
personification of patient resignation and devotion to the cause of
his Master. He told his doctor that if there was any encourage-
ment that by rest and care he might recover, he would cease
work, but as he could not get well, he desired to labor to the
last." He died at Fitchburg, Mass., Dec. 24, 1858, leaving a widow
and two sons.

After Mr. Farwell left. Rev. George Spaulding was acting pastor
for about a year, when he withdrew on account of poor health.

In January, 1854, Rev. James C. Seagrave accepted a call to
the pastorate with a salary of $540 and use of parsonage. A

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 251

provision in the call whereby the connection could be terminated
on six months' notice by either party was seriously objected to by
the Council " as uncongregational in principle and pernicious in
practice." iSTevertheless they voted to proceed to the installation,
but Rev. Asa Mann of Exeter withdrew lest he should seem to
sanction the provision. The installation occurred May 25, 1854,
with the following services: — Reading Scriptures, Rev. Joseph
Loring of Lebanon, Me.; Sermon, Rev. I. P. Cleveland, D. D., of
IsTorthampton, Mass. ; Installing Prayer, Rev. T>. D. Tappan of
Farmington; Charge, Rev. B. R. Allen of South Berwick, Me.;
Right Hand of Fellowship, Rev. William D. Hitchcock of Exeter ;
Address to People, Rev. Alvan Tobey of Durham ; Concluding
Prayer, Rev. Isaac C. White of iSTewmarket.

In December, 1855, the church voted "with regret" to accept
Mr. Seagrave's resignation " on account of necessity for his wife
to remove to a milder climate."

James Carter Seagrave was born April 14, 1821, at Uxbridge,
Mass. ; graduated at Brown University in 1845 ; at Andover The-
ological Seminary in 1849 ; and was ordained and installed pastor
of the Fifth Congregational Church in Providence, R. I., Dec. 3,
1851. Since leaving Rochester he has been acting pastor in
various places, and removed to Peru, Mass., in 1884, where he
remains acting pastor of the Congregational Church.

In 1856 the meeting house was struck by lightning and very
narrowly escaped entire destruction. The belfry was badly dam-
aged, necessitating repairs at a cost of §160.

After more than two years of unsuccessful effort to obtain a
pastor, the church secured the services of Rev. James M. Palmer.
Having officiated as acting pastor for nearly a year, he was in-
stalled April 26, 1859. The sermon was by Prof. George Shepard,
D. D., of Bangor Seminary, and the installing prayer by Rev. Alvan
Tobey of Durham. The record of the other parts is missing.

In the second year of Mr. Palmer's ministry here, an organ
was purchased by subscription obtained, as the parish records
state, by " the exertions and perseverance of Miss Anna McDuffee."
About the same time William Tebbetts of Boston presented this
church with a clock, which was placed in front of the organ.

252 ROCHESTER.

Some years later the same gentleman presented also a valuable
communion service and table.

Jan. 28, 1861, the following satisfactory statement was placed
on the parish record : —

" This Society is now nearly free from debt, and in better condition than it
has been for the last twenty years, and better than any other Congregational
Society in the county."

During the six years of Mr. Palmer's ministry here, seventy-
three persons were added to the church, but there are no church
records for the whole period. In war time Mr. Palmer was out-
spoken and unwavering in loyalty to the country. He also spent
six wrecks in the army, in service of the Christian Commission.
He was dismissed July 14, 1864, and soon after became pastor of
the Second Congregational Church in Biddeford, Me. After a
few years he was obliged to give up preaching on account of a
throat trouble, and has since been engaged in business in Boston,
Mass.

May 4, 1865, a call was extended to Rev. Prescott Fay of Lan-
caster, offering a salary of $1,000 and use of parsonage. He was
not installed, but was acting pastor for a little more than two
years. The second year $100 was added to his salary. Mr. Fay
has since served several other churches, and is at present residing
without charge in Cambridge, Mass.

In September, 1867, A. F. Marsh, then just graduated from
Bangor Theological Seminary, accepted a call to the pastorate of
this church, on a salary of $850 with use of parsonage. He was
ordained Oct. 31, 1867, with the following services: — Invocation
and Reading Scriptures, Rev. T. S. Robie of Salmon Falls; Ser-
mon, Rev. A. S. "Walker of Dover ; Ordaining Prayer and Address
to People, Rev, Alvan Tobey, D. D., of Durham; Charge, Rev.
James Merrill of Andover; Right Hand of Fellowship, Rev. George
H. Pratt of Harvard, Mass.; Concluding Prayer, Rev. Silvanus
Havward of South Berwick, Me.

At the coming of Mr. Marsh a new interest was awakened,
and the attendance so increased that the enlargement of the house
of worship became an immediate necessity. A committee was
appointed consisting of IS'athaniel T. Kimball, Enoch "Whitehouse,
and James H. Edgerly. Under their direction the meeting house

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 253

was raised tliree feet and a more convenient vestry finished off
in the basement. The expense was about §8000, and brought the
parish heavily into debt. Previous to this time this Society had
received from thirty to fifty dollars annually from the town, being
their share of the interest of the funds derived from the sale of
the original parsonage lands. In 1869 the whole fund was divided
among the several religious societies of the town, the Congrega-
tional Society receiving $1,056.46, which was applied to reduce
the debt on repairs. The remainder of the debt was about $3,000,
which was soon diminished one half by a subscription, ninety-five
dollars of which was raised by a ladies' festival. Five persons,
Benjamin Barker, James Pirie, Charles W. Brown, Caroline H.
Turner, and Franklin McDuifee, paid the remaining §1,500, receiving
therefor the pews belonging to the Society, on conditions that
when the rents of these pews should amount to the §1500 with
interest and expenses, they should convey them back to the So-
cietv. This arrano-ement continued till the sum was reduced to
about $1,100. Three of the five persons had already died, when,
in 1880, Franklin McDufiee left by will the remainder of the
debt as a gift, the pews then reverting to the Society.

After three years' service Mr. Marsh resigned, and was dismissed
Oct. 11, 1870. His pastorate was one of activity and success, a
large revival bringing in valuable accessions to the church. Forty-
seven Avere received on confession of faith. Mr. Marsh has since
been settled in several places, and after a four year's patorate at
jS'eligh, 'Neh., settled in Pittsfield, 111., January, 1888.

In February, 1871, Rev. Harvey M. Stone of Laconia was called,
at a salary of $1,050 and use of parsonage, and was installed the
18th of the next May, with the following services : — Invocation
and Reading Scriptures, Rev. Ezekiel True, pastor of Free-Will
Baptist Church in Rochester; Prayer, Rev. W. S. Kimball of
Farmington; Sermon, Rev. Silvanus Hayward of South Berwick,
Me.; Installing Prayer and Charge, Rev. Alvan Tobey, D. D., of
Durham ; Right Hand of Fellowship, Rev. Clark Carter of Great
Falls; Address to People, Rev. "W". S. Kimball of Farmington;
Concluding Prayer, Rev. D. J. Smith, pastor of Methodist Church
in Rochester.

The parsonage was repaired at an expense of about $140, and
" the ladies provided means to enclose the church with a neat

254 ROCHESTER.

fence, level the grounds, and put in walks to the entrances, the
whole cost of which was $361.05."

During Mr. Stone's ministry there was an extensive revival in
town, and twenty-four were received to this church. In January,
1875, Mr. Stone resigned.

Harvey Merrill Stone, son of Col. John and Betsey (Huntoon)
Stone, was born in Cabot, Vt., Sept. 1, 1819; graduated at Bangor
Seminary in 1847; was ordained at Bluehill, Me., Nov. 2, 1848;
served as pastor in various places for about thirty years; and
died at Saundersville, Mass., Oct. 21, 1881. He was a man of
pleasant, genial manners, with unusual power of winning the per-
sonal regard of many people. Soon after coming here, the busi-
ness men of the place presented him a gold watch and chain as
a spontaneous token of their esteem.

In January, 1875, the Society received a legacy of $1000 from
Zenas Hayes, which they applied to the reduction of their debts.

In July, 1875, Rev. Abram J. Quick of Belle Isle, N. Y., was
invited to become pastor of this church. He began his labors
here in October following, but for some reason did not choose to
be installed, although the Society renewed the request in 1880.
About the time of his coming the parsonage was repaired at an
expense of $180.

In August, 1875, it was voted to omit the afternoon service,
which had been kept up from the beginning of the church, save
for a few weeks in the summer.

In 1880 the Society recorded a vote of thanks to some unknown
person who had contributed $250 towards the liquidation of the
debt.

About this time the interior of the church was repaired by re-
plastering, painting, etc., at an expense of about $500, which was
raised by the ladies. The work was superintended by T. H.
Edgerly and Henry Kimball.

Centennial Sunday, July 9, 1876, was observed by this church,
the pastor giving an historical discourse, which was printed in the
" Courier." The text was Psalm 77 : 10.

During Mr. Quick's ministry a revival occurred, bringing about
forty additions to this church. In October, 1881, Mr. Quick re-

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 255

signed. He went from here to the church at Hillsborough Bridge,
and is now pastor at South Coventry, Conn.

In February, 1882, Rev. Henry S. Kimball became acting pastor
of this church, and remained about two years. He is now settled
over a church in Killingly, Conn.

January, 1885, a call was extended to Rev. George A. Mills of
the Dutch Reformed Church at Bacon Hill, Saratoga Co., K. Y.,
offering a salary of $1,000 and use of parsonage. He was installed
June 9, 1885, with the following services: — Invocation and
Reading Scriptures, Rev. E. C. Bass, D. D., pastor of the Meth-
odist Church in Rochester; Sermon, Rev. Isaac P. Langworthy,
D. D., of Chelsea, Mass.; Installing Pra^'er, Rev. C. S. Sherman
of Manchester, Conn.; Charge, Rev. J. M. Dutton of Great Falls;
Right Hand of Fellowship, Rev. George Hall of Dover; Address
to People, Rev. Walter E. Darling of Farmington ; Concluding
Praver, Rev. S. H. Barnum of Durham.

About this time the meeting house was repainted at a cost of
nearly §240.

May 11, 1887, being near the date of the ordination of the first
pastor, one hundred and fifty years before, was observed as an
anniversary by this church. An historical address was presented
by Rev. Silvanus Hay ward of Globe Village, Mass., being mainly
a resume of the facts recorded in this history. Remarks were
made by Revs. J. M. Palmer, Prescott Fay, A. J. Quick, and
others. Announcement was made that $100 had been given for
the Sabbath School Library by Orrill H. Hayes of Philadelphia,
also that the debt of the Societ}' had been cancelled. This was
accomplished through the persistent efforts and generous aid of
William Tebbetts of Boston in securing the following subscriptions :
John McDuffee, $500; William Tebbetts, $450; Edwin Wallace,
$250; J. D. Sturtevant, $100; H. M. Plumer, $100; smaller sub-
scriptions, $314 ; making in all a little more than $275 above the
debt. Mrs. C. K. Sanborn also presented the Society a house lot
valued at $250.

The following Sabbath, Rev. Mr. Mills gave a valuable and
interesting anniversary discourse from Psalm CL.

In June, 1887, Mrs. Watson Hayes left the church a legacy
of $200, the income of which is to be used toward the minister's
salary.

256 ROCHESTER.

In October, 1887, a Christian Endeavor Society was formed in
connection with this church with a membership of thirty-five. In
Xovember following, a new furnace was placed in the church
edifice.

At the close of 1887 Mr. Mills resigned, and is now pastor in
isTewport, Vt.

The deacons of this church with dates of election have been
as follows : —

Stephen Berry, 1737 ; Joseph Walker, 1737 ; James Knowles,
1761; William Chamberlin, 1768; Samuel Chamberlin, 1783;
Samuel Plumer, 1783; William Trickey, 1806; J^athaniel Hayes,
1823; Samuel Allen, 1825; Benjamin Barker, 1834; Samuel Stack-
pole, 1844; Thomas Brown, 1859; FrankUn McDuffee, 1872;
Charles W. Brown, 1872; A. J. Whittemore, 1882; Henry M.
Plumer, 1882.

In coming to the close of the history of this church we should
guard ourselves against any spirit of self-exaltation in contrasting
the present with the days of our fathers. We should rather reflect
that it is to their wisdom, to their labors, and to their manage-
ment, under God, that we owe all that we have of religious or
political freedom. They labored and we have entered into their
labors. Much of what we call their ignorance and narrow-mind-
edness was necessary then to lay the foundations on which we
stand. Had they been no more rigid, no more exclusive, no more
severe, in their beliefs and policy of action than their descendants,
it is difficult to see how churches and states could have been
established. It needed the sturdy conviction that could tolerate
no truce with heresy, the iron will that would not yield to even
the most plausible demands for an easier type of religion, and the
sinewy arm that could strike valiant blows against the devil, to
found and protect the infimt church in the wilderness. However
much we pride ourselves on our broadness and liberality, our
wider views, and more tolerant spirit, we should always remember
that a weaker system or less severe discipline than theirs would
have been fatal then. It is only through what some deem their
hardness, and narrowness, and intolerance, that we have been
able to rise to our present degree of freedom and power.

modern church history. 257

Friends or Quakers.

A considerable number of Friends settled in Rochester quite'
early in its history. In 1751 the Dover Monthly Meeting granted
them "the liberty to keep a meeting there on first days." This
permission yras renewed from time to time for more than thirty
years. In the 7th month, 1781, they asked advice about building
a meeting-house. A committee was appointed who reported at
the next monthly meeting, " They think it may be best for them
to build a house on the South East corner of Jona. Dame's land
on iSTorth side of the road that leads by his house from Cochecho.""
In the 9th month the desired permission was granted, and the
house was probably built about that time. It was a two-storj
house, and some years after was taken down and made into a one-
story house at Pine Grove. Still later it was removed to Gonic,
where it now stands, and where First day meetings are still
held.

The northwest part of Rochester was first settled by Benjamin
Meader, who was soon followed by four brothers. From these
families that part of the town was called Meaderborough, a name
which appears in the town records as early as 1784. From these
brothers " descended the extensive Quaker family of Meaders,
who for many years have been greatly respected for uniform
iuteo-ritv and Christian benevolence." Judith, daughter of Ben-
jamin Meader, and wife of David Green, died March 30, 1855^
aged 79, and was " remarkable for her charitable qualities and
kindness of heart."

The Friends had a meeting-house on the Meaderborough road
near Farmington line, certainly before 1805, as it appears on a map
of that date. How early it was built cannot now be ascertained.
Here " preparative," and afterwards " monthly meetings," were held.
Two " overseers" are mentioned in 1819. In 1835 a new meeting-
house was built on the same lot, where a " monthly meeting "^
still holds its sessions. According to Job Yarney, "they held
meetings in his father's house for many years, and afterwards till
his father's death, in a little building on the other side of the
street."

In 1776 there were twenty-two adult males belonging to the
Society of Friends, (p. 62.) In 1823, twenty families were reported

258 ROCHESTER.

as belonging to one meeting and fifteen to the other. At the
division of the parsonage fund in 1869 the Friends received
1173.10. In 1838 they established a circulating library. They
also had a Sabl^ath School and a Sunday School library. Not
having a regular ministry, but little can be gleaned of their society
history.

One of their most prominent men was John 3feader, who was
born in Rochester and resided in Dover for some years, but aljout
1840 removed to Providence, R. L, where he died at the age of
60, Jan. 7, 1860. " He was a well-known and highly esteemed
minister of the Society of Friends, and traveled extensively in the
exercise of his ministry both in this country and in England,
Ireland, and some other parts of Europe." The " Providence
Journal" says: "His death removes another of the upright
Quakers of the olden time, whose firm devotion to the principles
of George Fox aftbrds landmarks to determine the position the
Society once occupied in contrast with the conforming tendency
so prevalent at the present day."

Methodist Church.

To understand the history of the rise and growth of Methodism,
it is necessary to give some account of the state of society and of
churches at that period. It would probabl}- be impossible to write
a fully correct statement of these matters without giving some
oftence to both Methodists and Congregationalists. But a sincere
desire of impartiality and justice without flattery is the only true
guide in this as in all other history. Let us be willing to
know the truth, and while we give ample credit to excellence
wherever we find it, let us not fear to look at faults and imper-
fections wherever they exist. The present generation can hardly
understand the great excitement created by the advent of ]SIeth-
odism. It was not because any new doctrine was promulgated.
Religion had existed before. Free agency was not a new and
startlino; idea. It had been taught for centuries. Reformations
and revivals were certainly nothing new under the Christian dis-
pensation. The}' had been in the churches from the days of the
apostles. It was not therefore these things that led people to
declare that the new sect was a fire of shavings which would

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 259

soon go out, or that led to attempted mobs. It was not the
fundamental and essential elements of their religion that produced
the excitement. But they introduced new forms, and these exter-
nals raised the ferment. It was because the new sect denounced
church steeples as sinful vanities, — because they forbade the
wearing of silks, ribbons, and jewelry, and disciplined their mem-
bers for curling their hair, — because they professed to have
religious dreams and visions, — because of their ecstasies and par-
oxysms in worship, their opposition to an educated ministry, and
their requirement that members should patronize their own sect
in business. These external things, which to-day are scarcely more
noticeable among Methodists than among other sects, were what
then aroused ridicule and dislike. On the other hand the great
and abiding excellence of the new church sprang from the same
spirit out of which grew these faults, — its enthusiasm. Without
enthusiasm, religion sinks to formality. Although noise is not
enthusiasm it may be a sign of its presence. It is not the best
wood which crackles most in the fire, yet there is no crackling
where there is no fire. It is not the noise of the wheels that
makes the coach move, yet the noise is a sure sign that the coach
does move. The condition of the other churches at this time
gave Methodism its opportunity. Congregationalism was largely
in a state of spiritual deadness. The ^Methodists charged that
there had not been a reformation in town for thirty years. It
was too true that there had been no ojreat awakenino; on relio'ious
subjects. There was little or no enthusiasm in their worship.
They had fallen into ruts. They had no prayer-meetings or other
means which brought home the question of personal religion to
the individual members. Congregationalism a hundred years
before had been filled with enthusiasm. It was the relisrion of
the Puritans, than which nothing could be more rigidly spiritual.
But earnest piety had degenerated to morality and formality, and
morality was fast becoming indifference. Spiritual aggressiveness
was lost. This gradual subsidence of heat has been the history
of all sects. Methodism was simply the reaction from this spiritual
deadness, and like all other reactions it was extreme at the outset.
But it has accomplished a noble mission. Aside from the work
within its own membership, it gave new life to the old sects with
which it came in contact. Its own enthusiasm in some decree

260 ROCHESTER.

reached others. The special power of the Methodist church was
in its class meetings. By them it kept alive the spiritual condi-
tion of its members and prepared them to go into the world and
make proselytes. Prayer and conference meetings were soon
established in other churches. Xor is it too much to say that so
far as human instrumentality is concerned the Congregationalists
of to-day owe their prayer-meetings to the influence of the early
Methodists. It is noticeable that any new sect will grow
strong under opposition, and the very year Mr. Haven attacked
Methodism (p. 107) was the year in which it was specially dis-
tinguished for growth and prosperity. *

Methodism was introduced into Xew England in 1790 by Rev.
Jesse Lee. At the first session of the New England Conference
in 1797, " Chesterfield Circuit " in New Hampshire was reported
with a membership of sixty-eight. New Hampshire was first made
a separate district in 1804. In 1807 this district contained twelve
preachers, of whom lievs. Warren Banister and Ebeyiezer Blake
were appointed to the Tuftonborough circuit, which included
Rochester. They traveled the circuit together and preached in
Rochester once in four weeks. The only preaching place at first
was a schoolhouse on the " Squire Dame lot " on Haven's Hill.
Perceiving no fruits of their labors after several months, the young
preachers decided that after one more visit the place should be
abandoned unless some proofs of their usefulness appeared. At
this supposed final visit, a meeting continuing throughout a whole
night was held at the house of Paul Place, now the residence of
Bidfield Meserve, during which several persons were soundly
converted, and at sunrise the next morning the first class was
formed with shouts of triumph. The first members were Paul
Place, leader ; Lydia Place ; Betsey Place ; Hannah Jackson, after-
wards the wife of Rev. Benjamin Burnham; and Meribah Dame,
afterwards the wife of Rev. Harvey Morey. Before the end of the
year the first Quarterly Conference was formed at the same house,
both preachers being present. As the work increased Caleb
Dame at the " Plains " opened his house (still standing at the
corner of Market and Union streets) as a preaching place.

* The following sketch of the Methodist Church in Rochester was substantially prepared by-
John S. Parsons, Esq., for the History of Methodism in New Hampshire by Rev. George H.
Hardy. I am indebted to the kindness and courtesy of these gentlemen for the privilege of
using the material here. — [Editok.]

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 261

Meetings were also held at John Hanson's, where the late Charles
K. Chase afterwards resided on Elm street.

Having an appointment to preach in Barrington, Mr. Banister
was entertained at the house of a good sister whose conversation
was more abundant than profitable, so falling suddenly on his
knees, he prayed as follows : — " 0 Lord, help this sister to pray more
and talk less. Amen." After leaving this circuit he preached many
years, his last work being in jSTashua, where he died in 1834.

Mr. Blake was born in 1786, and labored many years in Maine,
where he died. One who was his colleague for a time, and knew
him well, says: — "He stands now, after the lapse of years pho-
tographed before me, as he poured out argument, appeal, invita-
tion, and denunciation, his large body swaying under the influence
of his impassioned periods. His audiences seemed spell-bound.
If the eyes of others were dry, his were not, and mine certainly
were all ' teary round the lashes.' "

In 1808 Revs. Lewis Bates and Ehenezer F. Neioell were appointed
to this circuit, and many were the trophies of their toil in this
humble field of labor. The first Quarterly Meeting was held this
year in Paul Place's house, Elijah Hedding, presiding Elder.

Mr, Bates was a descendant of the martyr John Rogers, and
was born in Massachusetts, March 20, 1780. After sixty-one
years' service in the ministrj' he died March 10, 1865. He was
a man of much cheerfulness of spirit, delighting to sing " Now "
" I can read my title clear." Riding one afternoon on the road
from Rochester to Dover he overtook a young man whose
heavily loaded team was stuck fast in the mud. Dismounting
from his horse he put his shoulder to the wheel, and with one
strong pull all together the load moved on to the geat joy of the
young teamster, whose heart was completely won by this act of
kindness which resulted in his conversion. His name was Thomas
Wentworth, and is still remembered by many.

Mr. Kewell was born Sept. 1, 1775, and died March 8, 1867,
after an earnest and faithful ministry of sixty years.

In 1809 Revs. Hezekiah Field and Amasa Taylor were on this
circuit. Mr. Field devoted most of his time to this section. A
second class was formed, and meetings were held at Silas Dame's
house on the Ten-rod road. During the next year Rochester was
made a separate appointment under the name of " JSTorway Plains

262 ROCHESTER.

with Mr. Field as preacher in charge. It is not strange that some
opposition was aroused among those unaccustomed to such preach-
ing. On one occasion, when Mr. Fiekl had an appointment to
preach in the Court House, threats having been made to mob
him, a large crowd came together with far from peaceable inten-
tions. But the preacher went as usual to his appointment, Thomas
Wentworth and David McDaniels standing as a body guard on
either side during the service. Since God has said that " one
shall chase a thousand," it is no wonder that the enemy remained
quiet.

In 1811 Rev. Leonard Frost became pastor, the membership
having increased from four to ninety-one. The next year seven-
teen were added under the ministry of Rev. Abner Clark.

Rev. Jacob Sanborn, a young man of remarkable ability, was
stationed here in 1813. He performed a large amount of work
with much profit to the society. After many years of service he
died at Concord.

In 1814 Rev. Ilarccij Morey was the pastor. He was a man of
great physical strength and a successful minister. He married
Meribah, sister of Caleb Dame, and after some years located in
Rochester where he died Oct. 29, 1830. His wife was one of the
first who helped to plant Methodism in this town, and her life
was that of a consistent Christian. Their bodies rest in the old
cemeter}' on Haven's Hill.

Rev. Noah JBigeloio, from the Xew York Conference, was pastor
in 1815. As a minister, and presiding Elder, he was abundant
in labors. He was born in Conway, Mass., March 4, 1783, and
died Aug. 2, 1850. His testimony was, " My only hope is in the
atonement, on that I really lean, through that I expect to be
saved."

He was followed in 1816 by Rev. John Lord who commenced
his labors under some discouragements, but so overcame difficul-
ties that this was regarded the most prosperous year in the history
of the society. A great revival occurred in which more than a
hundred persons were converted, and sixty added to the member-
ship. He was presiding Elder many years in the Maine Con-
ference where he died.

During 1817-18 Rev. Philip Miinger was stationed here. He
was a physician as well as a preacher, and is said to have excelled

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 26S

ill botli professions. He was born in South Brinitield, Mass., in
1780; joined the ISTew England Conference in 1802; and the Maine
Conference at its formation in 1824; and died Oct. 19, 1846. He
had labored forty years in the ministry, and was a studious, gifted^
and successful preacher, and a writer of very marked ability.

Rev. John F. Adams was pastor in 1819-20. The increasing work
on the charge, which then included parts of adjacent towns, caused
the appointment of Rev\ Samuel ISTorris as a colleague in 1820,
but after six months he was transferred to the Landaff circuit.
After a ministry of sixty-nine years, Mr. Adams died in 1881 at
the ao-e of 91.

In 1821-22 Rev. Damon Young was pastor and left the society
in a prosperous condition.

In 1823 Revs. Jotham Horton and William JlcCoy were colleagues,
alternating in their pulpit ministrations to the entire satisfaction
of the people. While here Mr. Horton organized the M. E. Church
at Dover. He was twice Delegate to the General Conference, and
in 1842 was one of the first to withdraw on account of Slavery.
He afterwards returned and was stationed at Dorchester, Mass.,
where he died in 1853. His last testimony was, " All my hope
is in Christ. My sins, my labors, my righteousness, my unright-
eousness, I lay at the feet of Christ. I trust only in him."

In 1824 Rev. Benjamin Jones was pastor. He was a faitliful
preacher for many years in the Maine Conference, and died in
Friendship, Me. From 1810 the meetings had been held in the
old Court House. Here were held the old-fashioned quarterly
meetings which were usually occasions of great power. As in the
old meeting-houses of that day, so hei'e in this old court-room no-
fire was thought of, even in midwinter. But the time had now
arrived to arise and build, and measures were taken to secure by
subscription the necessary funds. The site of the old Barker
tavern which had been recently burned, was purchased as the
most desirable location. Charles Dennett, Simon Chase, William
Trickey, Daniel Waldrou, and James C. Cole were the building-
committee. It was agreed that the house should be 42 by 55 feet
in size, and of " a plain and decent style." The subscribers were
to pay in building material, labor, grain, or cash, as they preferred.
Rev. Herschel Foster was appointed pastor in 1825, and the corner-
stone of the new church was laid with Masonic ceremonies by

264 ROCHESTER.

the Grand Lodge of New Hampsliire, on the anniversary of Saint
John the Baptist. Hon. James F. Dana was the Grand Master,
who commissioned Major Pierce P. Furber to conduct the cere-
monies. General Lafayette being entertained at a public dinner
at Dover, the day before. Major Furber invited him to be present
and participate in the exercises. The deputation from Humane
Lodsre who bore the invitation consisted of Charles Dennett, James
Farringtou, and John T. Paine. The answer was received in
Rochester on the evening of June 23, and was engraved by E. S.
Moulton on a plate of copper in season to be deposited under
the corner-stone on the 24th. The following is the answer : —

" I much regret the impossibility I am under, in consequence of previous and
positive engagements, to attend my brethren of the Masonic Humane Lodge of
Rochester at the celebration which they contemplate on the 24th. My heart
■will be with them, and I beg them to accept my fraternal regard and good
wishes. L^ Fayette."

Another plate of the same dimensions bearing the following
words was also deposited : —

" Wesleyan Chapel

Erected by the Methodist Episcopal Church of Rochester, N. H., which was
instituted 1807. This Corner Stone was laid by Humane Lodge, No. 21, in
the presence of many Brethren of the mystic tie, and a large assemblage of peo-
ple, A. L. 5825. James C. Cole, Secretary:'

Other articles deposited were names of preachers with dates ^ Dis-
<;i2)lme of the M. E. Church, Bible, N. H. Register for 1825, Zion's
Herald June 15, 1825, Journal of the Grand Lodge of New Hamp-
shire, By-Laws of Humane Lodge, New Hampshire Republican,
printed at Dover, June 21, 1825. (See Appendix, also page 131.)

The whole cost of the house was $1,923. It was dedicated in
October, Rev. Ebenezer F. Xewell of the Maine Conference
preaching the sermon.

In the erection of this house, Simon Chase, Charles Dennett,
and James C. Cole assumed all responsibility, and carried the
enterprise to a successful completion. These three men are worthj'
of special notice as principal characters in the history of this
society, who have ever commanded admiration and respect.

Simon Chase was born in Berwick, Me., Sept. 30, 1786. He

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 265

first came to Rochester in 1806 as clerk for Joseph Hanson, at
$72 a year and his board, and remained four j-ears. Joined the
church here in 1808. After twelve years in trade at Milton, he
returned, went into company with Jonathan Torr for two years,
when he bought Torr's house and in 1835 built a brick store, where
he continued business till his death Jan. 21, 1878.

James C. Cole was born in Boston, Mass., in 1791, and came
to Rochester at an early age and learned the trade of clock-maker
with Edward S. Moulton. He had been baptized when an infant
in the Episcopal Church, and joined the church here at the age
of eighteen. He began business for himself about 1813, and died
Dec."l2, 1867.

Charles Dennett was pre-eminent among the three, and an
extended notice of him will be given in another chapter.

These three men each acquired wealth, and had the confidence
of all, holding many positions of honor and trust. Their places
of business were each a brick buildino; of about the same size
and style, with old-fashioned gambrel roof, and all situated on
the west side of Main street. Their names will not be forgotten.

In 1826 an act of incorporation was granted to James C. Cole,
Charles Dennett, Simon Chase, Ebenezer D. Trickey, and Abner
Hodgdon, as Trustees of this society. Rev. Charles Baker was the
preacher in charge. Two ^-ears after, he went to Maine where he
was for many years a popular preacher and presiding Elder. He
died a few years since in Somerville, Mass., leaving two sons who
are members of the Baltimore Conference.

Rev. John E. Risley was pastor during the years 1827-28. The
former year w^as not prosperous, being disturbed by the " come-
outers " under the lead of the notorious " Abby Folsom," then a
member of this church. The latter year, however, was one of
great prosperity. More than fifty members were added, and a
parsonage was built at a cost of §400.

In 1829-30 Rev. Samuel Norris was the preacher in charge, and
organized the first Sunday School in connection with this societv.
Prior to this time, however, a Union Sunday School had been
held in the village school-house. It is to be regretted that tlie
Sunday School records for these and many subsequent years are
now lost. (See Appendix.)

266 ROCHESTER.

Mr. Norris was born in Dorchester, N. H., March 8, 1801. At
the age of seventeen he joined the New England Conference, and
was in active service as a minister for twenty-two years. He was
digniiiod, gentlemanly, and fearless, commanding the esteem of
friends and the respect of opponents. He was twice Delegate to
the General Conference. On account of defective hearing he held
a superannuated relation for forty years. His name appears on
the general minutes for sixty-two years. He died in South New-
market June 23, 1880.

In 1831-82, Rev. Benjamin C. Eastman, better known as " Father
Eastman," was the pastor. He was a man of great energy and
devotion. His principal tlieme was Holiness, and it is believed
that he had a greater influence for the spiritual improvement of
the people than any preceding pastor. Mr. Eastman was born
in Canterbury June 16, 1788. He joined the New England Con-
ference in 1825. His first wife died in Rochester Oct. 5, 1832,
and the following year he married Mary, sister of Rev. James
Warren of Rochester. He was thirty-three years in the ministrj^
and died in triumph July 12, 1858.

In 1833 Rev. Leonard Bennett was pastor. A religious work of
unusual interest was in progress. But the year closed unfavor-
ably both to pastor and people. Mr. Bennett was born in Dublin,
Ireland, June 16, 1786, landed in America June 16, 1807. In
1841 he removed to Illinois, where he died in 1846, having been
thirty-six years in the ministry.

Rev. James G. Smith was warmly welcomed as his successor,
remaining two years. In 1834 is the first mention of raising
money for missions. His pastorate was successful.

In 1836-37 Rev. Silas Green was the pastor. He was a good
man, and an earnest and successful worker. Many excellent people
were converted throucrh his influence. He was born at Chichester
Feb. 10, 1801, was baptized by Rev. Jotham Horton in 1823,
spent forty-three years in the ministry, and died Nov. 10, 1874.
His preaching was emphasized by a holy life. His native modesty
and polished manners rendered him agreeable to all classes in
society.

Rev. Amos H. Woiihing was pastor for the next two years.
Though struggling with poor health he labored faithfully and was
highly esteemed by his people. In the financial exhibit for 1839

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 267

we find the preacher's entire salary was $383. It was evidently
with good reason that the Conference that year issued an address
to the churches urging them to a more adequate support of the
ministers. " What are dollars and cents when thrown in the
balance against immortal interests?"

In 1840-41 Rev. Elijah llason was pastor. He was specially
active in the cause of Temperance, holding temperance meetings
in the school-houses. During his first year a vestry was built at
a cost of $400.

Mr. Mason was born in Cavendish, Yt., in 1807, and died March,
1863, having been thirty-seven years in the ministry.

The next two years Hev. William D. Cass was the preacher in
charge. He was a strono- man. The Millerite excitement was
very intense at this period in Rochester, and but for his fearless
efforts the church would have been hopelessly divided. He was
born in Bradford, Vt., April 2, 1797, joined the ISTew England
Conference in 1827, serving in the ministry forty years, eleven
of which he was presiding Elder. He was a delegate to the Gen-
eral Conference in 1844, at the time of the secession of the M, E.
Church South, where he distinguished himself by his courage and
zeal in debate in opposition to slavery. He had remarkable rea-
soning powers, and could alwaj's speak sensibly and profitably for
liberty, temperance, education, or the Christian religion. He died
suddenly while working in the field. May 7, 1867.

In 1844 Rev. Osmon C. Baker was appointed pastor, and did
excellent work here. He was afterwards a Theoloo'ical Professor
in the Biblical Institute at Concord, and in 1852 was chosen
Bishop. His eminent labors are too well known to need further
mention here.

Much to the disappointment of the people, Mr. Baker was not
returned, but after a little time they rallied around the new pastor,
Rev. Henry Drew., who remained two years. The latter year the
chapel was improved by the removal of the galleries and the
addition of four pews with other general repairs at a cost of $700.

Rev. Samuel 8. Matthews followed in 1847. His work was hin-
dered by sickness ending in his death Sept. 6, in the thirty-second
year of his age, after having been in the ministr}^ only three-
years. Just before his death he said to a friend, "If my death
can glorify God more than my life. Amen !"

268 ROCHESTER.

Rev. p. WaUmgford of Claremont was acting pastor during the
remainder of the year, and was followed in 1848 by Bev. Daniel
M. Rogers who also supplied a part of the time at Milton Mills.
This division of labor was an embarrassment to the work in both
places. Two years later the name of Mr. Rogers disappears from
the roll of Conference.

In 1849 Rev. Silas Green returned and the year was one of pros-
perity.

In 1850-51 Rev. Joseph C. Cromack was appointed pastor. He
gave special attention to the finances of the society with gratifying
results. Religious interests were no less carefully attended to, and
many of the present members were then added to the church.
He reported after the close of his pastorate, 250 members, and
43 probationers. His salary was |450.

The next two years were notable ones in the history of this
<;hurch. Rev. Henry H. Hartwell was the pastor. He had week-
day appointments at Barrington, Stratford, Farmington, Union,
Milton, and East Rochester. At most of these places he preached
regularly once in two weeks, holding a class meeting after the
preaching, besides preaching and lecturing occasionally in other
places. He preached twice and often three times on the Sabbath,
and never had such a thing as a vacation. After twenty years'
work in New Hampshire he was transferred to the California
Conference on account of a throat trouble which was the natural
result of his unremitting labors. After four years in California
and Nevada with no prospect of recovery, he returned to ISTew
Hampshire in 1867. His work in Rochester was characteristic of
the man. The house of worship was enlarged by the addition of
twenty pews. Up to this time the house had been externally very
plain and unornamented. An extensive addition was now made
to the front, surmounted by a tower, presenting a very attractive
appearance. The cost of these improvements was greater than
that of the original " Chapel " in 1825. An organ was also pur-
chased at a cost of $600.

In the spring of 1854 the Annual Conference met here for the
first time, Bishop Baker presiding. Rev. Sullivan Holman was
appointed pastor. This year the benevolent contributions of this
church included $100 for missions, and $1,000 for the Seminary
at Tilton. The pastor's salary was $500.

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY, 269

Mr. Holman was boru in Hopkinton, N. H., June 13, 1820 ; began
to preach at the age of twenty-one; joined the Conference in 1843;.
was chaplain of the IST. H. Legislature in 1858 ; chaplain of the
N. H. State Prison in 1867, '68, '69; was six years member of
the Kansas Conference; returning to l^ew Hampshire in 1877,
was again appointed chaplain of the State Prison, which position
he held till 1883. He has ably filled many of the best appoint-
ments in the State. He is a man of much energy and Christian
zeal. He served this society faithfully and was highly esteemed
by the people.

In 1855-56 Bev. Henry Hill was pastor. He was an incessant
worker. Much sickness and many deaths greatly increased his
labors. His pastorate was highly successful, many being added
to the church. Through his elForts §500 was raised which freed
the society from debt.

Mr. Hill was born in Claremont, N. H., Feb. 13, 1819. He
was forty-five years in the work of the ministry, filling many
prominent appointments. He was one of the first to offer his
services to the nation in the late war, was appointed chaplain of
the Third I^. H. Regiment, and had part in thirty-three battles.
In 1869 he went West, and was for three years pastor of Simp-
son M. E. Church in Chicago. He was a man of great mental
endowments, thorough culture, and rare Christian attainments.
He died in Chicago, 111., Sept. 1, 1885.

The pastorate of JRev. George S. Dearborn, covering the years
1857-58, was verv successful. He was a strono- man of excellent
ability, and a strict disciplinarian, correcting some evils which
had crept into the society, and left it peaceful and prosperous.
He was one of the pioneers of Methodism in Kansas, taking high
rank in church matters.

His successor here was the Hev. William Heives, who was pastor
in 1859-60. He was an able preacher constantly drawing large
audiences. He is now residing in Lawrence, Mass. His grand-
father, Joseph Hewes of ISTorth Carolina, was one of the signers
of the Declaration of Independence.

Bev. John Lewis Drfren was pastor in 1861-62. JSTear the be-
ginning of his ministry here, a remarkable revival occurred and
many members were added. During his pastorate the old par-
sonage was sold and removed to Union street, and a new one

270 ROCHESTER.

"built at a cost of $3,000. In 1862 Mr. Trefreii spent six weeks
with the I^ew Hampshire soldiers in Virginia, as a member of the
Christian Commission. After the war he went to the California
Conference of which he is still a member.

He was followed by Rev. Calvin Holman in 1863-64. In many-
respects these were years of hardship and sorrow. Sunday services
in memory of the soldier dead were frequent. Tears of anguish
testified to the devoted loyalty with which many parents had
sacrificed their loved ones on the altar of their cou)itry.

Mr. Holman was brother of Rev. Sullivan Holman already men-
tioned, and was born in Hopkinton, N. H., July 7, 1823; joined
the Conference in 1846 ; was presiding Elder of the Dover district
for four years beginning in 1859. In 1866 he removed to South
Carolina and became presiding Elder of the Florida district. In
1872 he joined the Kansas Conference which he represented in
the General Conference in 1876. He resides in Topeka, Kan.

In 1865-66 Rev. EUjah Wilkins was pastor. The society at this
time began to agitate the question of " rebuilding the house of the
Lord." Mr. Wilkins showed much skill in managing the pre-
paratory steps, securing from the pew-holders the legal settlement
necessary for removing the old " Chapel." He was an excellent
23astor, especially sympathizing in sorrow. He is now chaplain
of the New Hampshire State Prison.

He was followed in 1867 hy Rev. Frank K. Stratton, under whose
auspices the new house was built, Xathaniel Burnham and John Hall
being joined with the pastor as building committee. In the mean-
time the society held its meetings in the Town Hall. The corner-
stone of the new edifice Avas laid Aug. 1, 1867, in the presence
of not less than five thousand persons. The religious services
were conducted by Rev. James Pike, presiding Elder, according to
the ritual of the M. E. Church. Masonic ceremonies were per-
formed by the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, M. W. John H.
Rowell of Franklin, Grand Master. The box of documents was
deposited by John McDuflfee, Esq., who was an otficer of the
Lodge and had assisted in laying the old corner-stone in 1825.
An address was given by Governor Harriman, of which no report
has been preserved, though it is remembered as in every way
admirable. In the evening a grand festival was given by the
Methodist Society in the new building of the Messrs. Wallace,

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 271

eight hundred persons being present. The new house was
dedicated Marcli 26, 1868. The sermon was b}' Rev. J. M.
Chapman. During the evening there was a reunion of former
pastors and friends. In addition to the other literary exercises,
the venerable Samuel jSTorris who had been pastor here in 1829
and 1830, read a versified " Tribute to the Memorv of the departed
Heroes of Methodism, both Ministers and Laymen in Rochester."
(See Appendix.)

In 1868 Rev. Lewis P. Cushman came and remained three years.
In 1869 the parsonage funds of the town were divided to the
several parishes, this society receiving $864.29. During this pas-
torate the several churches united in a series of revival meetings
conducted by Henry F. Durant, which resulted in many conver-
sions. Mr. Cushman was an able and faithful minister and left
the society in liarmony and prosperity. He is now laboring among
the colored people of the South.

After an interval of seventeen years the Annual Conference
met with this societ}' in April, 1871. Hev. Daniel J. Smith was
pastor for the next three years. His pastorate was a grand suc-
cess. During the autumn of 1873, Rev. C. J. Fowler labored
with the churches here with excellent results.

From 1874 to 1876 Her. Silas G. Kellogg was stationed here.
His work was fearlessly and conscientiously performed. His
sermons were able and scholarly, drawing large and intelligent
audiences. He left as warm friends here as he has outside the
heavenly gates. He has been in the ministry thirty-six 3'ears.

JRev. Moses T. Cilleg, who was pastor in 1877-78, was one of
the most diligent of men, always at work. He cleared up the
last remnant of indebtedness on the meeting-house, some S2,000,
and did excellent work for the spiritual welfare of his people.
He joined the Conference in 1861.

Rev. Jesse M. Durrell became pastor in 1879 and remained three
years. He was very popular. He excelled in Sundaj- School
work, securing great interest, and the largest attendance for many
years. His pastorate was eminently successful.

Rer. William Eakins was appointed in 1882-83. Being a man
of broad culture and superior gifts, his labors strengthened and
built up the church to a remarkable degree. He is now in the
J^ewark Conference, Xew Jersej'.

272 ROCHESTER.

Ill 1884-85 the church was favored with the ministry of Rev.
E. C. Bass, D. D., whose work was faithfully and lovingly per-
formed. His pulpit ministrations were of the very highest order,
and much appreciated in the communit}'. At the close of his
labors here, a local paper voluntarily gave the following tribute :
" Dr. Bass by his genial Christian deportment, scholarly attain-
ments, and ability as a preacher, has commanded the respect of
all classes. Should he at any time get tired of the Methodists
we know we can say in behalf of the Gongregationalists of Roch-
ester, that he would find a home and warm welcome should he
knock at their doors."

During this pastorate about $1,600 was expended in repairs on
the church edifice, and the necessary funds were raised to purchase
a piano for the vestry. But its most striking feature was the
unusual mortality among the members of the society. Twenty
died whose ages averaged more than 73 years, sixteen averaging
above 78, and only four were less than 70. Most of them had
been members of the church for more than half a century.
Although these two years left the society numerically weaker, yet
we trust those who remain are stronger in Christian character
because of the faithful ministrations of Dr. Bass.

In the spring of 1886 Dr. Bass was transferred to Gardiner,
Me., and in return the Bev. Charles W. Bradlee came from Augusta,
Me., to Rochester. In Jul}'- following the church organ was
removed from the gallery to a level with the pulpit platform
which was lowered about one third, and the old pulpit replaced
by a neat cherry desk. By the will of Miss Martha Robinson,
the society received a valuable bequest which was in part expended
in improvements on the church edifice. Mr. Bradlee took great
interest in these improvements, and the next year the gallery at
the rear of the audience was removed, the angles of the ceiling
were arched to improve the acoustic effect, the walls were refres-
coed, and a new carpet provided. Several new pews and nine
memorial windows were put in. The names commemorated are : —
Dorothy Jenness, James C. Cole, Simon Chase, Albert C. Manson,
Charles Dennett, Martha Robinson, Sophronia E. Bradley,
Elizabeth Waldron, and Mary Esther Tebbetts. The house was
rededicated on Thursday, Xovember 17, 1887. The "Rochester
Courier " saj'S : —

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 273

"At 2.30 o'clock a good-sized audience listened to a masterly sermon from
Rev. Dr. Richards of Lawrence on the words ' Show us thy glory.' Following
the sermon came the ritualistic service of dedication, conducted by Rev. C. U.
Dunning, P. E.

" The visitors and families which entertained them then repaired to the vestry
where a bountiful supper was provided, after which there was a most delightful
'feast of reason and flow of soul.' Rev. Mr. Durrell presided, and speeches were
made by Revs. H. Hartwell, M. Howard. J. B. Davis, G. A. Mills, I. Luce, J.
Cairns, M. A. Richards, and Mrs. J. M. Durrell. Letters were read from a
number of ex-pastors.

"In the evening at 7.30, to a full house, Rev. J. M. Durrell (a former beloved
pastor) preached a scholarly and inspiring sermon from ' The just shall live by
faith.' Quite a number of the visiting brethren took part in the services, and
the singing of a large chorus choir led by Mr. Arthur Osgood added much to
the interest of the occasion."

This society has furnished ten ministers to the M. E. Church,
as follows : —

James Warren was born in Lebanon, Me., March 13, 1802.
His early life was spent in Rochester, where he was converted
and joined the church. His life as a preacher began in the old
j^orthfield circuit, where he was widely known and respected. He
was one of the pioneers of the Maine Conference, an earnest co-
laborer with the heroes of Methodism in early times. He acquired
a wonderful familiarity with the Scriptures and the sacred songs
of the "Wesleys, so that his sermons and exhortations had the solid
foundation of God's Word, and his songs of triumphant joy were
only excelled by those he now sings in heaven. After his active
life was over, he returned to Rochester, where he died Feb. 5, 1880.

Eben D. Trickey, who with his faithful wife was a member of
this society, began preaching in 1830, and spent sixteen years in
the itinerant work within the bounds of the Xew Hampshire and
Providence Conferences. He resided for a time in Brewerton,
X. Y., and afterwards went to California, where he died.

Elihu H. Legro was licensed as a local preacher in 1853, sup-
plying various appointments until Xovember, 1861, when he entered
the service of his country in Co. D, Sixth IST. H. Regiment. He
died in Washington, D. C, Jan. 1, 1863.

Ira J. Tebbetts was a native of Dover, but lived in Rochester
from early boyhood, and joined the jS". H. Conference in 1871.
He is a faithful, earnest preacher, and is now stationed at North
Salem, iN". H.

274 ROCHESTER.

David W. Downs received his license during the pastorate of
Rev, G. S. Dearborn in 1858. He served in the Second Massa-
chusetts Cavalry during the war, and joined the N". H. Conference
in 1869, and is now stationed at Newmarket.

Edwin S. Chase, youngest son of the late William Chase of
Rochester, began preaching in Chester, W. H., in 1862, remained
several years in Massachusetts, then went to the Southern Cali-
fornia Conference, where he has ministered to some of the largest
churches on the Pacific coast.

Eben C. Berry licensed in 1869, joined the Conference in 1876.
In 1885 he was transferred to the Iowa Conference.

James Cairns was a native of Scotland, came to America about
1865, licensed by Elder Jasper while Rev. D. J. Smith was pastor
here, joined the Conference in 1875, and is now stationed at
Suncook.

Henry E. Allen has been in the ministry since 1884, and is
stationed at Milton Mills for the third year.

George S. "Wentworth also joined the Conference in 1875.

Among the local preachers who have lived and died here was
Abraham Richards, who was ordained about 1825.

East Rochester Methodist Church. *

There were Methodist people residing in East Rochester before
the village, mills, shops, or railroad had been built. And it is
difiicult, if not impossible, to determine when or by whom the
first Methodist sermon was preached in this place. Abraham
Richards, mentioned above, was an ordained local preacher residing
here before 1825. From 1840 to 1855 there were living in Leb-
anon and Berwick, Me., and in Rochester, within a few miles of
East Rochester, five local preachers, Abraham Richards, Lewis
Tibbetts, Charles Tibbetts, Lewis Wentworth, and Thomas Fall.
These ministers occasionally preached, held prayer and class
meetings in school-houses and private dwellings, and sometimes

* Condensed from a sketch by Rev. J. W. Presby.

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 275

conducted a Sunday School either at the East Rochester or Adams
Corner school-house.

In 1853 Rev. H. H. Hartwell came occasionally from Rochester
Village to hold services at East Rochester. From this time the
Methodist pastors at I^orway Plains frequently held meetings
here. In June, 1854, Rev. Sullivan Holman baptized four persons,
two of whom are still worthy members of the Free Will Baptist
Church. Others were baptized by Mr. Holman and his succes-
sors, some of whom are now members of the M. E. Church.
Having no regular services of their own, the Methodist people
residing here were in the habit of attending services at the Free
Will Baptist Church, which had been built about 1865. But they
could not long remain satisfied without the enjoyment of that
peculiar means of grace, which has been so abundantly blessed,
the Methodist class-meeting. Accordingly a class was formed in
1867, with John Hall for leader. Two years later, A. D. Faunce
became leader. About 1870, thinking they could thus accomplish
more for the glory of God, the Methodists began to hold Sunday
evening meetings by themselves. Through the divine blessing
their little company gradually increased until April, 1871, when
the services of Joseph Downs, a local preacher living at Pine Hill,
Berwick, Me., were secured, and regular preaching and a Sunday
School were commenced in Washington Hall. April 8, 1872, Rev.

A. A. Cleveland was appointed to East Rochester by Bishop James.
The first Quarterly Conference was held June 28, 1872, at the
house of A. D. Faunce, Rev. 0. H. Jasper, D. D., being the pre-
siding Elder. It was voted to make East Rochester " a separate
and distinct station or pastoral charge," and the church was organ-
ized with the following members: — John Hall, Mary Hall, Aaron

B. Faunce, Emily J. Faunce, Orin I. Richards, Eliza Richards,
James Copeland, Hilda R. Copeland, John W. Dame, Samuel
Driver, Addie M. Cleveland, Eliza Xoyes, Lupira M. Eaton, Eliza
A. Varney, Mary Tibbetts, Rachel R. Wakefield. Several more
united within a few months. Sidney B. Hayes was elected treas-
urer at this conference, and has held the office to the present
time.

In Xovember, 1872, special revival services were conducted by
the pastor, assisted by Revs. L. P. Cushman of Lawrence, Mass.,
and Hugh Montgomery of Seabrook. Al)out one hundred were

276 ROCHESTER.

converted, some of whom are still among the most faithful and
efficient members of this church. Others are accomplishing good
in other parts of the Lord's vineyard, and one, Rev. F. H. Corson,
is a member of the l^ew Hampshire Conference.

Through the jealous opposition of enemies, the church was forced
to abandon their place of worship in Washington Hall, in Feb-
ruary, 1873. One week later it was unanimously voted to build
a house of worship, and $1,380 was subscribed on the spot. On
this occasion, as well as others, Bro. Hall's enthusiasm and lib-
erality were an inspiration to others. E. W. Tibbetts, John Hall,
and Orin I, Richards were chosen building committee. For over
three months the Sunday School was kept together and meetings
sustained at private houses. March 5, 1873, a lot of land cen-
trally located on Main street, was bought of A. J). Gerrish for
$250, and as early as possible in the spring the foundations were
laid. The work was pushed vigorously, so that the building was
dedicated June 5, 1873. The presiding Elder, Rev. 0. H. Jasper,
D. D., preached the sermon. In the evening, after a sermon by
Rev. L. P. Cushman, the first Quarterly Conference was held in
the new house. The total cost, including the land and the fur-
nishing, was $3,543. At the Quarterly Conference in January,
1874, it appeared that there was a debt of §1,166.81, of which
$346 was provided for by reliable subscriptions, leaving $820.81,
of which John Hall ofiered to assume $500, if the church would
pay the balance, and within one year the whole was paid.

In 1883 a subscription was raised for building a parsonage, and
J. J). Fogg, S. B. Hayes, and L. D. Smith were appointed building
committee. The house was built beside the church, on the same
lot, and was completed in July, 1884. The total cost was $960.

The list of pastors, with dates of appointment, is as follows : —
A. A. Cleveland, April, 1872; A. W. Bunker, April, 1874, now in
California; J. Thurston, April, 1876, resides in Dover, on super-
annuated list ; A. A. Casicell, April, 1877, died at Chichester June
18, 1881; W. a Bartlett, April, 1878, now at Hampton; H. H.
French, April, 1881, now at Haverhill, Mass. In 1884 the church
was supplied by Prof. Rich of Great Falls, L. L. Eastman of
Methuen, Mass., and C. A. Littlejicld, now at Cliftondale, Mass.
Rev. J. W. Presby came in April, 1885, removed to Kansas in
June, 1886, and is now in Connecticut. After Mr. Presby left,

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 277

Bev. W. H. H. McAUistcr of Old Orchard, Me., and others, suppUed
till the last of October, when A. L. Chase, a student in the Theo-
logical School of Boston University, took charge, and served as
pastor till April, 1887. During his stay the debt on the parsonage
was paid, and the spiritual and social condition of the church
was much improved. F. I. Wheat, another student from Boston
University, took charge in April, 1887, and during the conference
year now closing (April 1, 1888), the spiritual and financial
condition of the church has been well sustained. There have
been full congregations on the Sabbath, the evening prayer and
class meetings have been well attended and full of interest, and
the Sunday School has increased. A new furnace has been placed
in the church, and other repairs have been made, and all paid for.

An important auxiliary to this church is the Ladies' Social Circle,
organized Oct. 18, 1882. They have raised about $300, which
has been expended on the parsonage and furnishing, and have
some §650 in their treasury, §500 of which was presented by
Frederick H. Rindge of Cloverdale, Cal., the largest stockholder
of the Cocheco "Woolen Manufacturing Company at East Eochester.
It is intended to use this money for remodeling the church at an
early date.

The membership of this church has been small, and composed
mostly of those who earn their living by daily labor. The present
membership is sixty-seven, with a Sunday School of one hundred
and three.

This church has earned a reputation for liberality, promptness,
and reliability in financial matters which might well be emulated
by some of our large and more pretentious churches. With the
exception of one year, there has never been a deficit in the
preacher's claim, and several times the pastor has received con-
siderable more than his claim. The first year of its existence
this church contributed $43 for the missionary cause.

This church is a child of Providence, and the hand of God has
been plainly visible in its history from the first. Under the same
guiding hand an unlimited career of usefulness and prosperity
seems opening before it.

278 rochester.

First Free Will Baptist Church.

One result of an extensive revival of religion in this town was
the formation of the First Free Will Baptist Church of Rochester,
April 15, 1829, under the leadership of Rev. James J. Wentworth.
The following is the covenant with a list of the seventeen original
members who adopted it : —

" We do now declare that we have given ourselves to God ; and do now agree
to give ourselves to each other in love and fellowship, and do also agree to take
the Scriptures of truth for the rule of our faith and practice, respecting our
duty toward God, our neighbors, and ourselves.

" We do promise to practice all the commands in the New Testament of our
Lord and Savior Jesus Christ, to bear each other's burdens and so fulfill the law
of love, which is the law of Christ. We do further agree to give liberty for
the improvement of the gifts in the church, both male and female, and to keep
up the worship of God, and not to forsake the assembling of ourselves together,
as the manner of some is. We do likewise further agree not to receive any
person into fellowship except they give a satisfactory evidence of a change in
life and heart, and promise to submit to the order of the gospel as above.
Amen.

"Jesse Meader, John York, John York, Jr., Benj. Page, Jr., Joseph Page, Jasper
York, Meshach Robinson, Sarah W. Meader, Hannah D. York, Maria J. York,
Kezia Foss, Drusilla Pickering, Matilda Pickering, Rebecca York, Sarah Hodg-
don, Kezia Jenness, Sarah Robinson."

During the year 1829 the membership was nearly doubled, and
continued prosperity with frequent additions marked the history
of this church for a long period. Regular monthly conferences
were held for some years at the house of Mrs. Bickford, one of
the members.

Rev. J. J. Wentworth continued his labors till September, 1832,
when Rev. Jesse Meader, one of the original members, was chosen
pastor. March 6, 1833, it was voted to hold the conferences half
of the time at Bro. John York's, in another part of the town.

In December, 1838, the brethren and sisters of this faith from
diiFerent parts of the town, having met to consider the question
of organizing a new church, unanimously agreed to join this church,
and that it should consist of several branches, each branch having
the privilege of holding meetings as they shall think proper, and
that they should hold a quarterly union conference at the Court
House.

In 1840 a house of worship was built at Gonic Village, at a
cost of about S2,000, and the conference was held there in Jan-
uary, 1841. The church was fairly prosperous under Mr. Meader's

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 279

ministry, which closed with the year 1841. In the following spring
Bev. David Sivett became pastor. During his pastorate of two years
a powerful revival extended over nearly the whole town, as a
result of which about sixty united with this church.

In April, 1844, liev. Aaron Ayer began a successful pastorate
of two years. During this time the church took decided action
in relation to temperance, in the following votes : —

" Dec. 5, 1844. Voted not to receive any person as a church member who
shall make use of distilled liquors or wines as a beverage.

" Also Resolved that it is improper for church members to make use of Cider
as a beverage."

Eev. Stephen Hutchinson became pastor in the spring of 1846.
He was an excellent man universally respected, but his feeble
health compelled him to resign in the middle of his second year
of service.

Rev. George W. Whitne)/ came in December, 1848, and remained
pastor for five years, which was a season of prosperity to the
church. Mr. Whitney was an able preacher and was highly ap-
preciated by the people.

The next pastor was Hev. Tobias Foss, who began his labors in
the fall of 1853 and remained two years. Mr. Foss was thoroughly
faithful and conscientious, but his decided and outspoken anti-
slavery views gave offence to some. His labors on the whole
were successful, bringing nearly twenty new members into the
church.

For the next three years the church had no regular pastor, but
was supplied by Revs. J. Meader, D. Swett, and others. In
1857 the meeting-house was repaired and refitted at an expense
of several hundred dollars.

In 1858 3Ir. Harvey Brewer began a two years' service of preach-
ing with this church. May 12, 1859, he was ordained with the
following services: — Reading Scriptures, and Sermon, Rev. J. M.
Durgin; Ordaining Prayer, Rev. E. Place; Charge, Rev. M. A.
Quimby ; Right Hand of Fellowship, Rev. S. Coffin ; Address to
People^! Rev." C. E. Blake.

In May, 1861, Rev. J. R. Cook was engaged as pastor of this
church, and died in service July 1, 1862. Mr. Cook was an
excellent man, successful in his labors, and universally respected.

280 ROCHESTER.

In March, 1863, Bev. Wm. T. Smith became pastor and remained
three years. During this period occurred a very gracious revival,
and fifty-seven were added to the church.

Bev. George J. Abbot succeeded Mr. Smith in the spring of 1866.
Mr. Abbot was a faithful and judicious laborer, and during his
four years of service twenty-three united with the church. In
1869 this church received ^524.80 from the division of the par-
sonage fund.

Rev. G. W. Wallace was next employed for four months, and
Bev. EzeJdel Dnie for the rest of the year. There was quite a
revival in the " Jenness neighborhood,'" and several joined the
church. In February, 1871, Mr. True left and established a
meetino; in Rochester Yillao-e, where he remained till his death.

Bev. G. S. Hill was pastor for the next four years, beginning
in the spring of 1871. During these j-ears several were added
to the church. In 1872, largely through the efforts of Mr. Hill,
the church building was remodeled and enlarged at a cost of about
$5,500, leaving the society some $3,000 in debt.

In the spring of 1875 Bev. A. P. Tracy became pastor and
remained till the fall of 1877. He was an able and faithful
preacher. Several were added to the church, and largely through
his efforts about one half the debt was paid.

In October, 1877, Bev. A. L. Morey began a pastorate of two
years. He was a hard-working, energetic man, A revival occurred
throuo-h which ten united with the church.

In the fall of 1879 ilir. TT"". TT''. Brown was employed, and in
August, 1880, he was ordained by a Council from the New Durham
Quarterly Meeting. Mr. Brown continued here till February,
1882.

March, 1882, Bev. W. S. Packard was settled as pastor and
remained three years. In 1884 a revival added several to the
church. Mr. Packard succeeded in raising a subscription by which
the balance of the debt was paid and the church building was
painted and frescoed. The society was thus placed in good financial
condition, with a neat, pretty church all paid for.

In March, 1885, the present pastor, Bev. L. Given., began his
ministry here. Some additions have been made, and the church
enjoys a fair degree of prosperity.

modern church history. 281

Walnut Grove Free Will Baptist Church.

This church o-rew out of a Sabbath School which was oro:anized
through the eftbrts of Miss Alsaicla Ray in June, 1861. Levi W.
Allen was superintendent ; George Tebbetts, librarian ; and Samuel
Meserve and wife, teachers. The school grew and prospered till
in January, 1863, they secured the services of Rev. Harvey Brewer
as preacher. During the succeeding fall and winter a revival
occurred, and on May 1, 1864, the following persons were bap-
tized: — Levi W. Allen, Ellen Bean, Ellen Brewer, Elizabeth C.
Hanson, Frank P. Meserve, Mary C. Mills, Wesley B. Mills, Hattie
Roberts, Amanda Tebbetts, George Tebbetts, Sarah Tebbetts,
Charles Thurston, Abbie A. Wingate, and Francis E. Wingate.
A committee from the New Durham Quarterly Meeting, consisting
of the Revs. Ezekiel True, Enoch Place, and J. H. Brown, organ-
ized these fourteen persons into a church June 29, 1864. August
6, Elizabeth A. Allen, Sarah A. Allen, Samuel R. Hanson, Sarah
Locke, Mary Meserve, Samuel Meserve, Benjamin Mills, Sarah
Mills, Eliza Roberts, Deborah R. Wentworth, and Samuel N.
Wingate were received by letter. Benjamin Mills and Samuel
Meserve were chosen deacons ; Samuel N". Wingate, treasurer, and
Samuel R. Hanson, clerk.

Rev. Harvey Brewer remained pastor till 1865, when he resigned,
and Rev. Isaac Pinkham took his place, remaining about a year
and a half. In October, 1866, Rev. David B. Cowell became pastor
for one year. Up to this period they had used the school-house
as a place of worship. In the fall of 1867 a chapel containing
eighteen pews was built at a cost of $1,500. This house was
dedicated Feb. 27, 1868. Rev. Mr. Snow of East Rochester
preached the sermon. Revs. Marsh and Abbot of Rochester, Rev.
A. Lovejoy of Great Falls, and Revs. Smith and Pinkham ot
South Berwick participated in the services. The next year, 1869,
this church received ^101.57 from the division of the parsonage
fund.

For the next four years the church remained without a pastor,
being supplied by different ministers. January 1, 1872, Rev.
Plammer Chesley was chosen pastor and remained for seven years.
After Mr. Chesley's resignation the following pastors served about
one year each : — Rev. W. H Ward, Rev. E. P. Moidton, Rev.
Ezekiel True, Rev. Harvey Brewer, and Rev. F. H. Peckham.

282 ROCHESTER.

In April, 1885, Rev. G. N. Musgrove became pastor, and remained
till October, 1887. During his ministry a revival interest prevailed,
and fifteen were added to the church. In 1885 Amasa Allen was
chosen deacon. Some additions have been made in almost every
pastorate since the beginning, and the church numbers about fifty
at the present time.

Free Will Baptist Church of East Rochester.

In 1864 Rev. Bial Hobhs began preaching in the school-house
at East Rochester. The congregation increased till a house of
worship became a necessity. In August, 1865, land was bought,
and a building was erected during the following year at a cost of
about ^6,000. A Free Will Baptist Society had been holding
meetings for several years in a school-house at Blaisdell's Corner
in Lebanon, Me. They now disbanded to unite with those ot
like faith in East Rochester, and on Nov. 22, 1866, was organized
the '"'■East Rochester and Lebanon Free Will Baptist Society." October
1, Rev. Isaac Hyatt was called as pastor and remained one year.
In April, 1868, he was followed by Rev. Plummer Chesley, who
resigned after a little more than a year. In 1869 this church
received §107.01 from the division of the parsonage fund. Rev.
A. Lovejoy served as pastor for the next three years. In 1872
Rev. Thomas Keniston began a pastorate of some over two years.
Rev. George W. Hill was pastor from 1875 till 1878, in which year
Rev. Ezekiel True supplied the pulpit. In April, 1879, Rev. W. H.
Ward became pastor. During his ministry the church building was
repaired and a fine-toned bell placed in its tower. The next pastor
was Rev. George W. Pierce, who began in April, 1881, and remained
two years. Rev. R. McDonald came in the spring of 1883, and
after one year was followed by Rev. B. F. Durgin. Rev. G. N.
llusgrove was called in the spring of 1885, and remained pastor
till August, 1887, since which time there has been no regular
pastor.

One of the founders of this church, and during his life-time its
most liberal supporter, was Deacon Stephen Shorey. He was always
deeply interested in the welfare of the village and did much to
advance its interests and promote its growth. He died Sept. 15,
1879.

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 283

Deacon Briant Peavey, one of the principal benefactors of this
church, lived on the Lebanon side of the river in the settlement
known as Peaveyville. He presented an organ to the church and
built a parsonage which his widow presented to the society in
accordance with his expressed intentions. He died July 22, 1886.

Rochester Village Free Will Baptist Church. *

The growth and prosperity of the Rochester Village Free Will
Baptist Society has been phenomenal. Its founders had neither
silver nor gold in abundance, but they had intelligence, integrity,
and Christian enterprise. Few in number, they were nevertheless
powerful in being united, and in comprehending the duties and
responsibilities they owed to the church they were founding for
the service of God. There are very few brighter or more prac-
tical exhibitions of self-denying devotion to a hol}^ cause than are
found in the organization and support of this church.

The seed of this church was planted in 1870, and watered by
the tears and sustained by the prayers of the faithful few, it ger-
minated during the winter's frosts and took deep root in the early
spring. One winter evening five persons met at a private house
and talked and prayed over the project of organizing a society to
represent the faith of Randall. The matter was thoroughly dis-
cussed at frequent prayer-meetings held with increasing attendance
at the house of Rev. George W. Whitney, then eighty years of
age. He entered heart and soul into the work, and let no oppor-
tunity pass without saying a word for the cause.

Rev. A. Lovejoy, then of East Rochester, preached two Sundays
in the Town Hall, to a handful of believers. This strengthened
the little band and encouraged one of the number to write to
i?ey. Ezekiel True, then pastor at Saco, Me. Mr. True came to
Rochester, saw the land that it was a goodly heritage, and returning
to Saco resigned his pastorate with a. good salary in that city, for
the purpose of uniting here with a people who could pay but a
meager sum. At the dwelling of Mrs. F. C. Hayes twenty-seven
persons met informally to welcome and confer with Mr. True.
Twelve of these were eligible to church membership, besides a few
who could soon obtain letters from churches elsewhere. I^early
all present signified their wish to become members of the society.

* The following sketch was substantially prepared by Hon. C. W. Folsom.

284 ROCHESTEK.

April 2, 1871, -Mr. True held his first meeting at Wentworth
Hall, which had been engaged, but for no specified pieriod. The
" Rochester Courier," which had been very friendly to the project
from its inception, had the following "local" in its next issue: —

" The Free Will Baptists held their first meeting on Sunday, and the attend-
ance and interest shown was all that could be reasonably expected. The hall
•was rather more than half full in the forenoon, and in the afternoon was well
filled by an attentive audience who listened to the word preached with power.
The singing was by the congregation, good old fashioned tunes and hymns being
in vogue. In the evening about eighty persons were present, twenty-five at
least of whom took part, exhortalions and prayers following each other in quick
succession. Our friends were very successful in their first Sunday's exercises."

On the first of May, Ezekiel True, Larkin B. Moulton, Eben
S. Dyer, Gershom D. Plumer, Amos Tufts, Lewis A. Chesley,
George W. Hurd, and Charles E. Varney signed articles of agree-
ment assuming the corporate name of " The Rochester Village Free
^Vill Baptist Society.'' Legal notice having been published, the
society was thus enabled to transact business as a corporated body.

Meetings were well attended during the summer, and on Tuesday,
Oct. 31, 1871, a church was organized with a membership of
sixteen persons. In a few weeks several more were added by
baptism and letter. The original members were as follows : —
Ezekiel True, George W. Whitney, Sylvia M. True, Angelina H.
Whitney, James T. Xichols, Charles E. Varney, Daniel McDufiee,
Lydia S. McDufl:ee, Ezekiel Ricker, Lorinda Ricker, Eben S. Dyer,
Maria E. Dyer, Francis C. Hayes, Mary Johnson, Larkin B.
Moulton, Eveline Moulton. Of this number, seven have crossed
the valley of death, two have been transferred to another church,
and seven still remain members here.

The society worshiped in Wentworth Hall about a year, and
then went to McDufiee Hall for Sunday services, holding their
prayer-meetings in Hook-and-Ladder Hall.

Rev. Ezekiel True retired from the pastorate after three years'
efiicient service, and May 1, 1874, Rev. E. C. Cook of Steep Falls,
Me., was settled and remained here till April, 1877.

The church and society had been steadily gaining, and felt
deeply the necessity of owning a place of worship for themselves.
A committee was appointed to see what could be done. After
overcoming many obstacles with much labor, they purchased of
the Eastern Railroad Company a lot of land on Hanson street for

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 285

$1,400. On this lot a plaiu white buildiug for a vestry was com-
pleted in October following. The entire cost of the building and
its furnishing was a fraction less than §1,100. It was dedicated
on Thursday, jSTov. 12, 1874, Eev. E. True preaching the sermon.
The pastor, Rev. E. C. Cook, together with the venerable George
W. Whitney, Rev. Mr. Tracy of Gonic, and Rev. H. M. Stone,
pastor of the Congregational Church, also took part in the services.

Rev. B. A. Sherwood of Richmond, Me., succeeded Mr. Cook July
1, 1877, and continued his pastorate till September, 1878. Mr.
Sherwood made great exertions to build a church, and at one
time had four thousand dollars pledged for that purpose, but the
undertaking proved too large for so small a society. Debts had
been gradually increasing till the vestry and lot had to be sold,
and the society found itself without property and $200 in debt.

In October Mr. True again took the helm as pastor, and Chase's
Hall was hired as a place of worship. Greater eftbrts were made
and a season of prosperity followed. Mr. True was desirous that
a younger man should take up the work, and introduced Rev. E.
P. 3Ioulion, who began here in October, 1879. Mr. True did not
abate his interest, but with the new pastor and the church acting
in perfect harmony, continued to labor with unselfish devotion,
unflinching courage, and untiring energy. During the next four
years the old debt was paid, a lot at the corner of Liberty and
Charles streets purchased for $1,435, and a very handsome church
built at a cost of §7,346.51. It is a matter of wonder that so
beautiful and commodious a church could be built for so small a
sum. The church debt was less than $1,500. The dedication
took place Jan. 23, 1884, Rev. C. A. Bickford of Dover preaching
the sermon. Rev. Messrs. "Wood, Quiniby, Moulton, Eakins, of
the Methodist Church, and Kimball of the Congregational Church
took part in the services. Rev. E. True, to whose eftbrts so
much was due, had been suddenly called to his heavenly home,
Feb. 18, 1883. Very appropriately the front of the building bears
the clear cut inscription, '" True Memorial Church," thus perpet-
uating the memory of him who was faithful even unto death.

June 1, 1885, Mr. Moulton resigned to take charge of a strug-
gling church at Pittsfield. He was at once succeeded by Rev,
J. B. Davis of Meredith, the present pastor. The church mem-
bership has been of a steady and sure growth, and now (1887)

286 ROCHESTER.

numbers one hundred and thirtv. The Sunday School, which in
its beginning consisted of four teachers and twenty scholars, had,
in 1886, a membership of 264, with an average attendance of 155.
It has been steadily increasing since then, and an attendance of
over 200 is frequent. The ladies of this church have been efficient
and untiring workers in the cause of the Master, and have ren-
dered valuable service in upbuilding the church and sustaining
its worship. The present condition of the church is prosperous,
and the outlook hopeful.

Universalists.

It was more than forty years after the introduction of Univers-
alism into this country before it gained any considerable foothold
in Rochester. The first record is the following notice : —

" Be it known lliat on the twenty-seventh day of March, 1841, Benj'^ Hayes,
Silas Wentworth, and others, their associates agreed to form themselves into a
religious Society to be known by the name of the First Universalist Society of
Rochester, and have organized said society as the Statute of the State in the
case provides. William Jackson, Clerkr

A constitution was adopted and signed by the following per-
sons : — Edward Tebbets, Paul Libby, William Jackson, Silas
"Wentworth, Jonathan H. Henderson, Jacob J. Garland, James M.
Garland, Joel Varney, Lemuel B. Ham. Others whose names
are not on the records are known to have taken a very active
part in sustaining meetings of this society, among whom were
Asa P. Hanson, Charles G. Giles, N. V. Whitehouse, James H.
Place, Noah Place, Richard Cross, and Charles W. Edgerly.

For more than thirty-five years there are recorded only two
meetings of this society, and the only business was the choice of
officers, William Jackson[ remaining clerk. There were doubtless
informal meetings of which no record was kept, as enough money
was raised and expended to secure preaching by the following
persons during a part of each year named: — Rev. R. 0. Williams,
1841 ; Rev. Eben Francis, 1842 ; Rev. George C. Strickland, 1843
and 1845; Rev. Mr. Cilley, 1844: Rev. E. Coffin, 1844; Rev. G.
Anderson, 1845; Rev. E. 'h. Lake, 1847 and 1848; Rev. Thomas
J. Greenwood, 1850, 1855, and 1865; Rev. A. A. Miner, 1850;

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 287

Rev. Mr. Pettee, 1852; Eev. Mr. Hicks, 1859; Rev. Mr. Eaton,
1862; Rev. Mr. Patterson, 1862. In 1869 this society received
136.70 as its share of the parsonage fund.

In the summer of 1877, at a meeting held in the counting-room
of E. G. and E. Wallace, Charles W. Edgerlj and Albert T. Colton
were chosen to solicit funds to establish meetings once in two
weeks. Many responded, and the lirst preacher was Rev. E. L.
Conger, followed by Rev. James Gorton of Nashua, Rev. Mr.
Ralph of Columbus, Ohio, and Rev. Mr. Powers from Vermont.

Sept. 11, 1877, a call was issued signed by Paul Libby, James
H. Place, Edward Tebbets, and Silas Wentworth, for a meeting to
re-organize the Universalist Society. The meeting was held Sept.
22. Charles W. Edgerly was chosen clerk, and it was " voted to
hold meetings every other Sunday for the present, and to hire
McDuflee Hall." The society was for a time aided by the New
Hampshire Convention of Universalist Churches, who sent from
time to time the following preachers as supply : — Revs. G. L.
Demarest and L. F. McKinne}- of Manchester; E. M. Grant, W.
S. A'^ail, Benton Smith, George W. Quinby, and Dr. Sawj-er of
Boston ; Mr. Spalding of Peabody, Mass. ; W. S. Perkins and
H. W. Smith of Tufts College ; Mr. Eddy, Mr. Bowles, and Mr.
Magwire.

Dec. 8, 1878, the society voted to accept and adopt the consti-
tution recommended by the General Convention, and from this
time the name of Ira Doe appears as clerk.

" Dec. 20, 1879, it was voted to hire Hev. W. S. Perkins to supply
till June next."

Sept. 19, 1880, a call was extended to H. W. Smith, then a student
at Tufts College, to settle as pastor, with the offer of $800 salary.
This call was accepted and Mr. Smith began his work Oct. 3,
1880. A Council called for his ordination met in McDuffee Hall.
The following ministers conducted the services: — Prof. Leonard
of Tufts College; Rev. E. M. Grant of Portsmouth; Rev. Benton
Smith of South Newmarket ; Rev. G. L. Demarest and Rev. L. F.
McKinney of Manchester.

Mr. Smith's pastorate ended July 9, 1882, and the records for
that date close with these words: — ""When we shall have another
meeting, time alone will tell ; the want of unity now existing does
not seem to warrant one very soon."

288 ROCHESTER.

In 1882-83 the Unitarian Convention of ISIew Hampshire repeat-
ecll}- sent its emissaries with offers of aid to induce this society to
employ one of its preachers. But their offers were rejected " as
our parish thought we had been known as Universalists for over
forty years, a time too long to think of now making the change."
Aside from these Unitarian meetings for five Sabbaths, there were
only three preaching services for two years and a half after Mr.
Smith left. These were conducted by Revs. S. H. McCollester of
Dover, G. H. Shinn of Plymouth, and H. S. Fiske of ISTewmarket,

Mr. Shinn supplied the pulpit about four months, beginning Jan.
1, 1885, and an unsuccessful effort was made to secure his services
as permanent pastor.

J. S. Cutler, then of Tufts College, began to supply in May, 1885,
and accepted a call to become pastor. " Having been duly exam-
ined by the Council at South J^ewmarket, and being approved
by them he was duly installed " Dec. 17, 1885. Sermon by Prof.
Leonard of Tufts College, Charge by Dr. Demarest of Manchester,
Address to People by Rev. W. S. Vail, and Right Hand of Fel-
lowship by Rev. James Eastwood of Kingston.

In June, 1886, the parish committee were instructed " to investigate
the different lots named by persons in the meeting," with the idea
of " building a church on the same." Thus far nothing has come
of this movement. In the summer of 1887, Mr. Cutler accepted
a call to Marblehead, Mass., and the society has since remained
without a pastor.

Second Adventists.

Ever since the ascent at Bethany there have been those in the
churches who have been looking for the speedy return of the
Lord. From time to time in the history of Christianity have
arisen those who by their earnest zeal on this topic, and espe-
cially by fixing a definite time for the advent, have aroused wide-
spread excitements. The first extensive movement of this kind
in America was produced by the preaching of William Miller,
who had served as a captain in the war of 1812, but about the
year 1833, by a carefully studied and very ingenious and plausible
interpretation of Scripture, announced the very day of the Lord's
coming in April, 1843. Traveling from place to place his preaching
" moved the people mightily." " Farmers, mechanics, teachers,

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 289

and many ministers of various denominations left their homes
and scattered through the country preaching this doctrine, and
converts were made everywhere." Many yet rememher the great
excitement of those times. The immense comet which appeared
in the winter of 1842-43 added to the flames. People deserted
their homes, and gave away their property, so that not a few -who
had been in comfortable circumstances found themselves reduced
to actual want, when the set time passed, and the world still went
on. Other times were set, but as one da}^ after another failed to
bring the promised glory, still a remnant clung to the faith, 'No
longer setting the exact day, they still proclaim the very speedy
" coming of the Lord Jesus Christ to raise the dead, to judge the
world, to cleanse the earth by fire, to give his saints immortality,
to set up his kingdom, and to fill the earth with his glory."

Rochester, like almost every other town, had its share of those
who accepted this doctrine. Meetings were first held in the school-
house at East Rochester. Earnest believers, prominent among
whom were the present church elders, John C. Shorey and James
Quimby, procured preachers, and after a time " quite a company
were drawn together." About 1867 a chapel was built, and reg-
ular meetings have been kept, up since that time. There is " quite
a thrifty church," and a Sabbath School, of which George Mc-
Crillis is superintendent.

Another company of Second Adventists held their meetings for
a time in the house of Moody Smith, about three miles below
the village. About 1867 a small chapel was built on the back
road te- Dover, where meetings have been held ever since. Among
the prominent members here are J. W. Whipple, Ira Bickford,
and Mr. Ramsbottom. Preaching is kept up by Elder Joseph T.
Libby, Elder Enoch Morrill, Elder Charles Willand, and other
occasional supplies.

Still another company of Second Advent believers, prominent
among whom were J. H. F. Yarney and Jonathan Home, both
of whom became preachers, held meetings at the house of Wells
Piukham, and afterwards at the school-house on the Ten-rod road.
In 1854 Elders James Gr. Smith, Jonathan Cummings, and others
held a tent-meeting in that neighborhood, which brought in quite
a number of converts. In 1866 " a missionary spirit got into
them for labor in Rochester Village," and Elders J. H. F. Varney,

290 ROCHESTER.

Jonathan Home, and Joseph Pinkhaui of Dover held a protracted
meeting in the Town HalL Among the converts at this time
were Marj^ Anna Sanborn, a prominent school teacher, and her
sister Sarah, both of whom went to Virginia with Mrs. H. L.
Hastings to labor as missionaries among the Freedmen.

From this time the interest was moved from the Ten-rod road
to the village, and meetings were held in the Town Hall until
the fall of 1868, when Elders Daniel Leavitt of Ashland, Alass.,
and H. L. Hastings of Boston, with others, held a tent-meeting
in the rear of the Mansion House. Among the converts was a
Toung infidel bj the name of Parsons. While sitting in his room
reading a novel, he heard the preaching from the tent, and became
a firm believer. Having both education and natural ability he
became a successful Advent preacher. After this meetings were
held in difterent halls of the village with fair success for a few
years, when divisions arose and two meetings were established.
Both were soon suspended, though prayer-meetings were still held
in private houses.

In 1875 Elder Yarney invited Elder Enoch Morrill, then of
South Deerfield, to hold a protracted meeting with him in the
Town Hall. A public discussion foHowed between Elder Morrill
and Rev. Mr. Tebbets concerning conditional immortality and the
state of the dead. As a result of these efforts the meetings were
revived and continued till a church was organized in 1879. Under
the faithful and earnest labors of Elder Yarney, followed by Elder
Smith, a fair degree of prosperity was enjoyed. In 1884 Elder
Morrill removed to Rochester and devoted a part of his labor to
this church. The next year he pitched a large tent near the rail-
road station, where historical and prophetic lectures were given
by Elder and Mrs. McKinstry. Again in the fall of 1887 Elder
Morrill pitched a large tent at Cold Spring Park, where he with
Elders Warren, Tenney, Stevens, and others held meetings which
resulted in strengthening the church, and converting others to the
Advent faith. Since then the " Advent Christian Church " has
held meetings in Odd Fellows Hall, with regular preaching by
Elder A. A. Robinson of Dover, Elder Mark Stevens of Ossipee,
Elder Morrill and Elder J. E. Clough of Dover. George T. Dem-
ming is superintendent of the Sabbath School, and a fair degree
of prosperity is enjoyed. The Second Adventists received $72.57
from the division of the parsonage fund in 1869.

MODERN CHURCH HISTORY. 291

EoMAX Catholic Church.
Irish.

In 1860 there were only eight or ten families of Irish Catholics
in Rochester. These were visited occasionally hy the Bev. Father
Lucy of Great Falls. As their numbers increased the Rev. Father
Walsh of !N"ewmarket held ser\TLces in some hall regularly once a
month. He was followed by the Rev. Father Dumane, who acted
as curate for the Rev. Father Canovan of Great Falls. Then the
latter attended the charo;e himself for a time. After a few years
Father Walsh returned with orders to build a church. He suc-
ceeded in erecting a wooden building 30 by 50 feet, with a yestry,
at a cost of $2,100. This was called St. Marj-'s Church. Mass
was first celebrated in it Dec. 25, 1868. Father Canovan was
again in charge for a time. There were at this time about four
hundred and eighty persons belonging to the parish, including a
few Canadian French. The next pastor was the Rev. Father Pugh,
who died here after about a year and a half, and was buried at
Dover. After him came the Rev. Father Games, who was followed
by the Rev. Father Louis Wilde. In the spring of 1884 the Rev.
Father John T. McDonnell took charge, and under his direction
the new church was built on Charles street at a cost of §10,000.
The corner-stone was laid in August, 1885. This new St. Mary's
Church has a seating capacity of four hundred, and is a beautiful
edifice, second to none of its size in the State. It contains a fine
new pipe organ, and a bell weighing 1,965 pounds, which was
consecrated ISoy. 25, 1886. Services were held in the new
church for the first time by Bishop Bradley of Manchester, Dec.
5, 1886. Two days later Father McDonnell died and was buried
here. Jan. 1, 1887, the Rev. Father John I. Bradley took charge
of the parish, which now numbers about six hundred.

Roman Catholic Church.

French.

The French Catholics worshiped with the Irish till the Rev.
Father Urbain Lamy was appointed their pastor, who held his first
service in McDuffee Hall, March 22, 1883. A subscription was

292 ROCHESTER.

at once started to build a church, and $4,500 was raised for that
purpose during the year. In May a lot was bought for $640, and
the foundations were laid in June. The building, 75 by 45 feet,
was finished in December. It affords four hundred and fifty sit-
tings, and is furnished with an organ, three altars, and the statues
of St. Mary, St. Ann, and the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The cost
was $8,000, most of which has been already paid. The Rev. Father
Lamy celebrated the first Mass in this church on Christmas day,
1883. The church is called " Notre Dame du Saint Hosaire," and
was dedicated in May, 1886, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Bradley of
Manchester. A fine bell of 1,600 pounds was consecrated by him
at the same time. When Father Lamy first came his congrega-
tion numbered about two hundred and fifty, but has now increased
to six hundred. It is expected that a parochial school will be
opened in the summer of 1888. The building, containing four
rooms, is located near the church, and will cost about two thou-
sand dollars. Both French and English will be taught.

CHAPTEK XIII.
LIGHTS AND SHADOWS.

" The wings of Time are black and white
Pied with morning and with night."

" Wine is a mocker, strong drink a brawler ; and whosoever erreth thereby
is not wise."

It is proposed in this chapter to treat of intemperance, crime,
and reform. From the early days down through the first third
of the present century, the drinking habits of the people were
deplorable. Every store and tavern sold rum. ISTot a temperance
man, as we understand the term, could be found. The most
respectable church members, men who afterwards became conspic-
uous for their temperance efforts, would get more than merry,
and to be assisted home at night was only a subject of playful
banter the next morning, and then forgotten. The minister drank
with the rest, and it was a source of deeper mortification to a
family to be out of rum when he called, than to be out of meat
or flour. It was customary for the deacons and other male mem-
bers of the congregation to spend the Sabbath noon at the store,
drinking, or sometimes to repair to the spring near the church
to mix their grog with the cool water. Rum was always used at
funerals, and it was common for the neighbors to get merry and
talkative coming back from the grave. A bearer has been known
to tumble into the grave from intoxication, and the bottle has
been set on the coffin of the dead. Boys drank with their fathers
at home, with the minister at the parsonage, with officers on the
training field. ISTo frame could be raised without rum. The town
accounts show that thirty-four gallons of rum and a barrel of cider
were bought for the raising of the Congregational Church in 1780.
Even as late as 1825, when the corner-stone of the Methodist
Church was laid, punch was made by tubfuls in the stores near
by. According to the custom previously mentioned (p. 131), the

294 ROCHESTER.

frame was christened b}^ an eftlision of doggerel, with an effusion
of rum on the ridgepole. No Thanksgiving or Fourth of July
could be properly observed without intoxicating drinks, and on
no occasion were they more freely used than at ordinations of
ministers, when a large company of people assembled from ueigh-
borina- towns. School-masters would be drunk at school. One
Junkins, who taught at Gonic some sixty to seventy years ago, often
got drunk and slept it off sitting in his chair. The boys once
tied him into his chair, and hung a dead puppy about his neck.
On the farm rum was indispensable. It took a barrel of '' West
India" for some farmers to get through haying. Beginning to
use it regularly in the field at hoeing, when haying commenced
the hands must have their " bitters " before grinding their scythes
in the morning. At ten or eleven o'clock rum was sent to the
field, when they would seat themselves in a circle on the grass
and drink. The same thing was repeated in the middle of the
afternoon. Sometimes the " second corner " was turned, as it was
called; that is, the bottle having passed around one way, was
turned in its course and passed back the other, the men laugh-
ingly clasping as much of the tumbler as they could in their
hands so as not to show how deep were their potations. The
boys who spread the hay were expected to drink with the men.
"When the traders came home from Boston, whither they went
twice a year to buy goods, it was an event of great consequence.
All over town, weeks before they started, it was known and
excited much talk. When they returned, the best judges of
liquor went around and tasted the Jamaica and Santa Cruz, and
reported who had the best liquors, and to that store the trade
was sure to go.

In 1829 the trouble was taken to ascertain how much liquor
was consumed in town yearly. It was found from the statements
of the merchants themselves, that about eleven thousand six hundred
gallons had been consumed, costing §8,000, being more than five
gallons for every man, woman, and child in town. This fact was
stated in a Fourth of July address by Mr. Towner, principal of
the Academy, and although it excited some comment, its truth-
fulness has never been questioned. Xor was Rochester worse in
this respect than other towns. Wherever the facts were investi-
gated similar results were obtained.

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 295

Many specific accounts might be given to illustrate the condi-
tion of society. About 1822, there lived in a small house close
to the river bank, just above the bridge, a hard drinker, who,
while intoxicated one winter night, lay so exposed that his limbs
were frozen, and he nearly perished. The event caused consider-
able excitement. People felt that something ought to be done
about it; at least that there should be an investigation. Some of
the citizens according!}- held a meeting at the Barker tavern, just
below where the Methodist Church now stands. "We can imagine
the meeting, probably the first ever called here to deal with such
a subject. It comprised the wisdom and enterprise of the town.
There were present business men well known for energy and
abilitv to carrv throuo-h whatever thev undertook. Of course
from such a gathering great things might well be expected. It
was voted to prosecute all violations of law. A committee was
appointed to report at an adjourned meeting the next Saturday
night. When Saturday evening came, the chairman of the com-
mittee, Squire Upham, arose to excuse himself. He said it was
known he was a trader, and of course sold liquor, and it would
not look just right for him to be prominent in such a movement.
Every member of the committee was a rumseller, and one after
another followed his example, asking to be excused. The meeting
itself was being held in a rum-selling tavern. It would seem that
there must have dawned on the minds of these men some feeling
of inconsistency between the business they were pursuing, and the
welfare of the community which they were supposed to have at
heart. However this may have been, nothing came of the eflbrt.

Soon after this it was found that the young men of the village
were frequenting the house of this same drunkard, whom they
would send to the stores for liquor, and spend the night in ca-
rousals. The house becoming disreputable in other respects
besides rum-drinking, the people resolved to endure it no longer.
A private invitation was sent round to many of the principal
citizens to meet at the saw-mill, just below where the upper factory
now stands. One prominent man tried to avoid any share in the
proceedings by going to bed early, but he was called up and
rather reluctantly joined the company. Meeting at the appointed
place, they armed themselves with bars and levers, and chose
William Hurd as captain. He was an active, public-spirited man,

296 ROCHESTER.

very liberal and earnest in all things relating to the church of
which he was a member. He was a trader, and of course sold
rum. His store being near the meeting-house he had the pat-
ronage of the church members, especially on Sundays, I^Tobody
seemed to perceive any inconsistency in these things; and Hurd
was always ready to be a leader in whatever promised good to
the community. The party marched to the house, and Hanscam,
the millwright, was appointed spokesman to address the famih'.
Hanscam himself was a hard drinker, but that was thought no
disqualification. The family were allowed twenty minutes to get
out of the house with their goods, and the men helped them
move. Then, as the house was small, they tried to topple it into
the river with their levers and bars, but being unsuccessful, they
tore off the boards and pried out the braces, till the building was
leveled to the ground. The party then dispersed to their homes,
unless they went to the nearest store for a drink. The house
was owned by one Page on the Meaderborough road. Coming
to the village the next morning. Page first observed the ruins. He
set himself to gather information for the purpose of prosecuting
the rioters, but the ejected tenant told him the leading men of
the village were there, naming all the principal men, (many of
whom were present, and many more absent,) until Page thought
it would be a hopeless task to bring such men to punishment,
and concluded to quietly bear his loss.

In 1806 there was living at the lower end of the village a man
who, having fitted up the front part of his house as a store, had
gradually increased his business till he had one of the largest and
best-selected stocks in the village. He became deranged, his dis-
ease at first taking the form of religious insanity, accompanied
with a great facility of quoting Scripture. It was found necessary
to appoint a guardian to manage his property. He left his store,
and in 1825 was living in a neat and comfortable house on the
point of land where the road divides at the head of Wakefield
street. The removal from the old home to the new well illus-
trates the peculiarities of the man. As the prophet Ezekiel was
a sign to the house of Israel, so he was to be a sign to the people
of Rochester. He carried out literally the command to the prophet
to "bring forth his stuff" in their sight as stuff' for removing; to
go forth at even as they that go into captivity; to dig through

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 297

the wall and carry it out thereby, and carry it out in the twilight,"
etc. The family moved in procession at twilight through the
village. Hardly had they become settled in the house at the head
of Wakefield street before it became notorious not only for liquor
selling, which was regarded as no crime in those days, but for
the grossest immoralities. The house also became known for
miles around as a receptacle for stolen goods. On the beams of
his barn he had built an office which he called his " sanctum
sanctoru7n," where the stolen goods were carefully stored. Having
been a very methodical man in trade, he carried his business
methods into his new occupation, keeping a journal in which was
recorded a minute description of all stolen goods, with dates when
received and when sold. It included a record of all visitors, and
an exact cash account. One of his children being very sick, Parson
Haven visited and prayed with the family. That day in his cash
account he made the following entry: — "Parson Haven, Cr. By
one long, sanctimonious prayer, 20 cents."

* The public good required that a stop be put to his proceed-
ings. The first move was to arrest him for keeping stolen goods.
He had received some intimation of what was coming, and had
prepared for the attack. Anticipating a long siege he stored a
barrel of crackers and half a barrel of brandy in his " sanctum ";
neither did he neglect means of defense, but supplied himself
with guns and ammunition in abundance. On the appointed evening
a large party under the lead of Capt. Hurd forced an entrance
into the barn, filling the barn floor. From the door of his loft,
the old man demanded, "Come ye peaceably, or come ye in war?"
He was assured that they came peaceably. It soon becoming
evident that they could capture him only by strategy. Squire Upham
advanced and called for a parley. Knowing the old man's hospi-
tality was never at fault, he made bold to ask him for a drink.
He at once retired and drew a glass of brandy, but was careful
not to expose himself to chance of capture. There was nothing
to do but to drink the brandy, and immediately ask for another
glass. "While this was being drawn, a tall young man named

* In the original sketch but one visit from the citizens is recorded. But in a note the au-
thor says "It is evident I have got two events mixed. They doubtless went fwice to the
house, once to arrest him for stolen goods, and once to tear it down." The stor.v is here
remodeled to conform as nearlj' as possible to the author's marginal notes. — [Editor.]

298 ROCHESTER,

Simon Ross concealed himself, so that when he again stepped out
on the beam, he reached up and caught him firmly by the ankle.
"When he found himself taken, the old man exclaimed, " Ye have
dealt deceitfully with me." An action was brought against him
for having stolen goods in his possession. John P. Hale was
retained for his counsel and made insanity the ground of defense.
His journal was put in evidence, but nothing resulted from the
case.

Capt. AVilliam Hurd and Charles Dennett were the selectmen
in the village this year. As " Fathers of the Town," they felt
responsible for the public morals. The man had returned to his
house, which still retained its ill-savored notoriety for corrupt
morals. Taking a broad view of their official duties, these select-
men felt that the summary destruction of such houses came fairly
within the scope of their powers. An evening was agreed upon,
and Capt. Hurd, who had led the before-mentioned attacks, now led
a large party of young men to complete this work. On arriving
they found the house securely fastened, but they at once began
its demolition, Xone of the familv showing anv disposition to
help themselves, they were taken from their bedrooms through
the windows at some peril during the destruction of the house,
which was soon leveled to the ground. The children were struck
off at auction to those families who agreed to bring them up on
the best terms, and all found good homes. The owner of the
house, who lived in Portsmouth, dared not make any trouble
with the rioters.

After the destruction of the house the old man built himself a
cabin, half under ground and covered with earth, back of where
the house stood, and surrounded by a growth of birch and pine.
Here he lived many years and died at an advanced age. He
indulged in writing poetry, especially acrostics, for those who would
give him a few cents, and occasionally his rhymes appeared in
the papers. He was commonly known as " the hermit," and his
cabin as "tlie hermitage," and it was one of the amusements of
the wicked boys of the last generation to toss brickbats down
his chimney.

The following incident illustrates the power of the imagination :
Among the Rochester traders of seventy years ago was a waggish
young man who delighted in practical jokes. His store was the

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 299

favorite resort of young men \Yho enjoyed his stories and his fun.
Every trader then dealt in ardent spirits, and among this man's
customers was an old fellow named Meshach. Seeing him coming
one evening he said to the bystanders, " Xow we '11 have some
fun. I "11 bet a bottle of wine that I will get Meshach drunk on
sweetened water." The bet was at once taken. " Meshach," said
the trader, as he entered, " go to the pump and get a pail of
cool water, and I'll give you something to drink." Delighted at
the promise Meshach started off", and while he was absent the
decanter was filled with water tinged with molasses enough to
give it the right color. Old age and unremitted use of Santa
Cruz and Jamaica had somewhat deadened the old man's sense
of taste, and he drank his glass without discovering the decep-
tion. It had an apparent effect on his brain and he soon began
to be talkative, as usual. One glass after another^was taken,
till he became very merry and loquacious, and the company of
course equall}' so as they saw the joke proceed. It was acknowl-
edged that the young trader had won the bet, for the old man
had every appearance of intoxication.

This Meshach, after taking his drams, would fall asleep and sit
snoozing in his chair till time to shut the shop. One evening
when the usual time for closing arrived, the trader with the help
of a companion took chair and sleeper and placed them quietly
down on the sidewalk. It was chilly and dark, and the cold soon
slightly aroused the sleeper. Xow Meshach had a young sprig
of a son who had been christened in honor of his sire, but was
commonlv known as " Mish." As the old man's obfuscated senses
gradually returned, while shivering on the sidewalk, he broke
forth in a bellowing tone, " Mish ! Mish I I say, Mish ! shut the
door, you rascal !" The laughter of the company revealed the
joke, and he made his way home somewhat mortified.

One of the earliest attempts to check intemperance by legisla-
tion was a law forbidding the sale of liquor in small quantities,
by the pint or half-pint. This law was evaded by many ingenious
devices. One trader sold his rum like calico, by the yard.
He had a long tube made containing just a pint. Customers
understanding the trick called for their liquor by the yard, and
the quantity was measured by the yard-slick. The kind of liquor
was designated by the name of some kind of cloth. Trousers

300 ROCHESTER.

cloth was brandy, chintz was New England rum, and so on.
Many dealers would sell a cracker for five cents and throw in
a glass of rum. (See Appendix.)

These accounts help to show the condition of society at the
commencement of the temperance reform, indicating the great
obstacles to be overcome, and the severity of the approaching
contest.

In 1792 the state laws punished drunkenness with fines graded
according to the degree of the offense, and if the tine was not paid,
by setting in the stocks or imprisonment. Although the law
continued in force as late as 1815, yet the stocks were probably
never used in Rochester, for drunkenness was looked upon with
universal indulgence, and public sentiment was hardly up to
punishment of even a few shillings' fine. In the same year (1792)
a law was passed, requiring taverners and retailers of spirituous
liquors to be licensed by the selectmen. In the first year of this
law, sixteen licenses were recorded in Rochester; in 1793, six;
in 1794, sixteen ; and in 1795, four.

It was not till the year 1827 that the agitation of the temper-
ance question commenced in earnest. Then men began to think
and talk of the evils of intemperance, and public sentiment was
gathering strength to demand that the liquor traffic should be
restrained, — not prohibited, for this was not thought of for many
years. Active efforts were made to discourage intemperance.
Lecturers took the field, and the subject soon found its way into
the town meetings. Appeals for more stringent laws were made
to the Legislature, and, after considerable opposition, a law was
passed regulating licensed houses and retailers of spirituous liquors.
In Portsmouth it was voted, eight hundred to four, to refund the
money paid by those who had bought licenses. In Dover, a town
meeting called for the same purpose adjourned without action.

One section of the new law authorized the selectmen to post,
in all places where liquor was sold, the names of drunkards, and
it was made unlawful to sell to such persons. Under this section
the selectmen of Rochester posted, in the nine drinking places of
the village, the names of three well-known drunkards. This pro-
duced much excitement, as one of the three was a genial, good-
natured man of some property. Everj'body sympathized with him,
as they usually do with genial, whole-hearted drunkards, and felt

LIGHTS AXD SHADOWS. 301

that the selectmen had been o-uiltv of a 2:reat wrons^ in thus
publicly disgracing him. So much was said, that one more weak-
kneed than his colleagues, went round and cut his own name
out from all the notices. This was probably the first attempt to
restrain liquor selling in Eochester, by force of law.

The " Dover Gazette " of Oct. 21, 1828, contained the following
item : —

" Found Dead, at the door of Susan and Phebe Eichards, in Eoch-
ester, on the morning of the 17th inst., Mr. Joshua Trickey, in a
situation that indicates that he must have been dead before he
was left there. An inquisition was held on the body, and it was
ascertained that Trickey bought two quarts of rum as late as
half-past nine o'clock the evening before, and went towards the
house of the above-named Susan and Phebe, who bought that day
one quart, and were the only residents of the house."

It was supposed that Trickey got drunk in the house and died
from the effects of the liquor, and that the Eichards girls dragged
him out and left him at the door. The house, which was situated
a little below the village, where the Great Falls road branches
from the main road, was afterwards destroyed by the citizens, as
had been others of like character. This event occurring so near
the beginning of the temperance movement, added not a little to
the excitement which already existed.

Prominent in the good work of that period was Eev. Isaac
"Willey. Young, enthusiastic, radical in his temperance views, he
stood for awhile almost alone. He had been settled as pastor of
the Congregational Church in January, 1826, and when the tem-
perance cause began to engross public attention, he entered into
it with all his soul. Mainlv throuo;h his efforts was formed the
first temperance organization in town, called the " Society for the
Suppression of Intemperance." Its constitution is still in existence,
in the handwritins; of William G. Webster, then a lawver in this
village, who entered actively into this and other worthy move-
ments. The constitution, which is not dated, provides that meetings
should be held once in three months, and the first meeting was
to be held on the third Tuesday of January, 1828. Only ardent
spirits were forbidden, which did not include wine or cider. The
members w^ere not to use ardent spirits themselves, allow them
to be used in iheir families, offer them to their hired laborers,

302 ROCHESTER.

nor to their friends, and were to do all they could to discontinue
the use of them at funerals. Twenty-nine names are affixed.
Signatures were not easily obtained. Only one trader appears on
the list, and against his name is written the word " expelled."
Traders who would have joined the society, and left off the use of
liquor themselves, refused to do so because they were forbidden
to give it to their customers, it being the uniform practice when
a man settled his account to set on the bottle and tumbler for a
drink. If this were discontinued, they. were afraid their customers
would go elsewhere to trade.

The article forbidding the use of spirits at funerals shows the
strong hold of another custom of the day. Charles Dennett, one
of the signers, was fond of relating how with much difficulty he
persuaded one family to offer coffee instead of liquor to the friends
at a funeral, but it was ventured on with much fear and hesita-
tion. Among other signers were M. E. Warren, then a teacher
of a district school, Samuel Korris the Methodist minister, Charles
W. "Woodman, and Thomas Brown. The fourth name on the list
is John Parker Hale, written in a school-boy hand, not much like
the " frank " of our late illustrious senator.

This constitution was soon superseded by a similar one changing
the name of the society to " The Bochester Temperance Society,"
auxiliary to the New Hampshire Temperance Society. The num-
ber of names is increased. Among the additions are James H.
Edgerly, then a student at the Academy, N. V. Whitehouse,
Louis McDuffee, Asa Hanson, and his brother Dominicus, who
has, until lately, thought he never belonged to a temperance society,
and who could even now easily deny the signature, as it bears
no resemblance to the bold autograph so familiar to our people.

Mr. Willey secured the best temperance lecturers in the country,
such as Dr. Edwards of Andover, and Mr. Hewitt of Connecticut,
who was considered a giant in the work. At these lectures the
meetino;-house would be crowded. Eum-sellers and rum-drinkers
attended in large numbers, and sometimes interrupted the speakers,
but the work advanced. In 1829 the Fourth of July was observed
by an address before the society by James Towner, principal of
the Academy. The statistics presented by him have already been
given. Mr. Wilie}^ made a canvass of the town about this time,
and stated publicly, that every fifth man in town was a drunkard ;

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 303

not merely a hard drinker, but one who got drunk and " lost his
feet." Almost, if not quite, the only man who did not drink
was an old man who had been intemperate, but havino; dreamed
that the devil had bargained for his soul, became frightened, and
to cheat the devil of his bargain, left ofl' drink altogether. Mr.
Willey's course naturallj' aroused some opposition, though he
encountered nothing very serious. One day, as he was returning
from Farmington, he was met a little above the village by a
company of men " well set up." To give the temperance parson
some trouble, they joined hands and formed a barricade across
the road. He had a quick little mare and carried a cow-hide
whip. Touching the pony, he charged through the line, giving
a sharp cut to the right and left as he passed. Relating this in
his old age, Mr. Willey said, " I was a boy then, and probably
should not do so now."

In 1830 Mr. Willey began with still more determination to
fight intemperance within the church. When he came to Roch-
ester every male member of his church used intoxicating drinks.
True there were onl}- nine or ten male members in all ; but the
influence of the church cannot be measured by its numbers, and
the pastor urged that since many irreligious persons were leaving
the use of ardent spirits, public opinion required of professed
Christians the total abandonment of the article. The church were
not ready to adopt his views. They could not see why they
should give up the moderate use because others destroyed them-
selves by excessive indulgence. On Kov. 12, 1830, the pastor
addressed to one of his deacons a note directed "For the male
members of the church." The note reads as follows: —

"Mr. Willey would wish the male members of his church to understand that
the charges preferred against them are: — 1st, That there is reason to believe
that they make habitual use of intoxicating drinks. 2d, That there is reason
to believe that some of them are using them to their injury. 3d, That they
frequently procure such drinks, and use them during the intermission of public
worship on the Sabbath. 4th, That there is reason to fear from these facts
that some of them at least will become intemperate. 5th, That their influence
and example go to perpetuate the dreadful evils of intemperance in this place."

At the next meeting he appealed to them personally to give
their influence in favor of temperance. At a subsequent meeting
he stated that in his opinion one of the members had come to an
untimely end in consequence of the use of liquor. Repeatedly

304 ROCHESTER.

the subject was brought before them, and articles prepared for
their adoption. June 14, 1832, the churcli voted unanimously to
take into prayerful consideration the articles on temperance, sub-
mitted by the pastor, and at the next communion season, July 8,
these articles were signed by many of the members. In the same
year two members, one of them a deacon, were, by unanimous
vote, suspended for intemperance. Having afterwards reformed
they were both restored.

In 1830 the first county temperance convention was held at
Rochester, and a county society organized, which held its annual
meetings here for three years. In 1833 temperance meetings had
become common throughout the country. Addresses were deliv-
ered in every town of Strafford county, then including Belknap
and Carroll. There were over thirtv-six thousand members of
societies in the State. There were more than two hundred town
societies, and it was reported that about three hundred and fifty
stores and taverns had abandoned the traffic. School districts had
their societies. One of the most flourishing of these in Rochester
was at Chestnut Hill, where meetings were held and addresses
delivered in Trickey's Hall.

Thus far by the use of " moral suasion " only the temperance
reform had been begun, and had made great progress. No pro-
hibitory law, nor legal measures, had been employed to help the
cause. It would be interesting to watch the rise and growth of
prohibition and prosecution, the twin measures which have since
taken so prominent a part in the work. In a county convention
as early as 1837, eighteen years before the enactment of a pro-
hibitory law, Josiah H. Hobbs urged prohibition. In 1839 the
town voted to instruct the selectmen not to license. Years before
prohibition, legal measures were first resorted to under the license
law, but the law was not very earnestly enforced until the Wash-
ingtonians sprang up. Although a cardinal principle of these
societies was " moral suasion enforced bv deeds of benevolence
and kindness," yet many of the members rebelled against such
restrictions. At a county convention in Dover, May 31, 1843, the
moral resolutions met a warm discussion, and the legal suasionists
succeeded in tacking on an addition, declaring the rumseller to be
the chief obstacle to reform, and that the laws ought to be put
into immediate execution. It was a lion and lamb partnership.

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 305

At another county convention in Dover, jSToali Tebbets of Roch-
ester was appointed a committee on the expediency of adopting-
leo-al measures, while another committee was sent to confer with
rumsellers and persuade them to cease their business. Both com-
mittees recommended the use of the law as a last resort. Judge
Tebbets' report, published in the "Enquirer," is a document rarely
surpassed, and reflects much credit on Rochester as the production
of one of her citizens.

In the same year, Hawkins, one of the reformed " seven hard
drinkers of Baltimore," was lecturing in this part of the country, and
Washingtonian societies were being formed. The first reform wave
had been subsiding, but a new enthusiasm was now being kindled.
Reformed men took the platform. Temperance stores and hotels
were advertised in every paper. Many churches set apart one
Sabbath every month for temperance meetings, l^ow and then
some sudden death or case of violence, brought about by alcohol,
would startle the community and send up the excitement to fever
pitch. About this time two men, named Page and Hayes, were
riding together at night upon the high ground just behind the
Sanborn brick-yard. They were both intoxicated, but seeing the
village lights, it was proposed to ride over and get another drink.
Turning the horse they drove off the clay bank, falling into the
brick-yard below. Page had his neck broken. Hayes, though
somewhat injured, was able to find his way to Gonic, where he
obtained help.

In 1842 the elections in most towns of this county turned upon
the temperance question, and in nearly every place the reformers
prevailed. Rochester elected temperance selectmen, and instructed
them not to license. A letter of this year, dated at Rochester,
says, " Strong drink is done away with us."

The records of the " Rochester Village Washingtonian Total Absti-
nence Society'^ began Jan. 2, 1843, though the organization may
have been earlier. The meetings were held publicly once a week,
and anybody could become a member by signing the pledge. The
exercises consisted of speeches and public discussions, and were
shared by the principal citizens of the town. The records also
speak of a reading-room. A committee was appointed to consider
" what method should be taken to suppress the selling of ardent
spirits at the taverns in this village." The plan adopted was to

306 ROCHESTER.

send a committee to persuade the rumsellers to better tlieir ways.
The same course was taken on several subsequent occasions.

In Februar}', 1843, two dealers agreed to quit the business, for
which the society passed them a vote of thanks. Their liquors
were examined, their value reported, and the plan tried of buying
out such as would abandon the traffic. At the town meeting in
March following, on motion of Richard Kimball, the selectmen
were authorized to purchase the liquors of those who would sell,
and to appoint an agent to sell for . mechanical and medicinal
purposes, who was to keep a public record of all sales. They
were also instructed to prosecute all unlicensed retailers. This
policy of buying out rumsellers, after having been thoroughl}^ tried,
was abandoned.

In March, 1843, the society adopted a constitution. The pledge
forbids " all intoxicating drinks," and not merely " ardent spirits,"
— a decided step forward. The society endorsed "moral suasion,
enforced by deeds of benevolence and kindness," but added, " that
nothing in this article shall restrict the right of the society, or
any person in their individual capacity, of making use of any
other lawful means that the circumstances of the case may require."
At times the legal outran the moral means, and the society ap-
pointed committees to collect evidence and prosecute oifenders.
Rochester sent a large delegation to the Dover convention in May,
and James Hurd presented a report showing the prosperous con-
dition of the Rochester society. July 4th there was an enthusiastic
celebration, Salmon Falls and Rochester societies uniting in the
exercises, with J. H. Edgerly as marshal, and a band of music
to enliven the occasion. The society paid Watson Hayes to furnish
cloth for decorations. Another grand celebration occurred in
November when the county society met here. Five hundred
delegates were present. A juvenile choir from Great Falls and
the Columbian band from Dover furnished the music. The stars
and stripes floated from the steeple of the Congregational Church,
where the meetings were held. The discussions were spicy. A
motion to keep out politics, religion, and law, as tending to dis-
turb harmony, was voted down.

All things considered, the year 1843 may be set down as one
of the most eventful and exciting in the history of the town.
Besides the organization of the Washingtonians, the public celebra-

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 307

tioDS, the enthusiasm now at its highest pitch, the agitation of legal
suasion, followed by one hundred and forty-four indictments in
this county, being the first courageous resort to law, there were
also other events to render this year memorable. In June a man
named Pierce fell from the scaffold of his barn while intoxicated,
receiving injuries from which he soon after died. In this year
the jewelry store of James C. Cole was robbed of a large amount
of valuables. There was an unsuccessful attempt to blow open
the vault door of the Rochester bank, and especially is the year
remembered for the murder of Phebe Hanson at Meaderborousrh.
At Great Falls an attempt was made to blow up the house of
John B. Wood on account of his temperance activity. Thus while
the temperance men were putting forth vigorous efforts to subdue
rumselling, a carnival of crime seemed to prevail.

Of the one hundred and forty-four indictments at the January
term, 1844, only twelve were tried, and ten convictions secured.
The remaining cases were continued. This policy of delay has
prevailed ever since in our courts, and has been one of the greatest
obstacles to the temperance work; yet the efforts put forth had
a wholesome effect. A letter written from Rochester in April
following, alludes to the great change which a year had wrought,
and adds, "jSTo liquor of any kind for drinking can be procured;
the apothecary sells only by prescription from a physician."

Interest in the Washingtonian society soon subsided, but there
was a partial revival in the fall. New officers were chosen, and
meetings held more regularly. Another committee was appointed
to visit the rumsellers, but they reported no success. The ministers
were invited to give lectures. In the fall of 1845 there was another
partial revival, which spent itself quickly after voting the " rum-
sellers a curse and a nuisance," and that " the sale of liquor ought
to be iwoliibited uuder a penalty of ten years' imprisonment." This
is believed to be the first recorded mention of i^rohibiiion in our
town.

Early in 1846 the interest in the languishing society was sud-
denly revived. One bitter cold morning, January 29, the com-
munity was startled to learn that the dead body of a man named
Henderson had been found lying face downwards in the brick-
yard near "Walker's bridge, only a few feet from the spot where
Page broke his neck five years before. Henderson had been

308 ROCHESTER.

hauling hay to Dodge's Hotel, from his home below Gonic, and
on his way hack at night, had fallen intoxicated from his sled,
crawled into the brick-yard, and there perished. The "Washing-
tonians appointed a committee, of which Henry Drew, the Meth-
odist minister, was chairman, to investigate the circumstances, and
the leading men again took hold of the work. Another com-
mittee consisting of Louis McDuffee, J. M. Hackett, Charles Den-
nett, John McDuifee, and Bidlield Meserve issued a lengthy notice
offering rewards for the detection of persons who violated the law,
appealing to the citizens, the traveling public, the families of
drunkards, and the victims of drink themselves to co-operate with
them. Every word indicates the excitement which prevailed. The
notice was posted in conspicuous places, and all the newspapers
in the State were requested to publish it. For a few weeks a
sharp controversy raged in the "Great Falls Transcript" and the
" Dover Enquirer " over the question, " "Who sold the man his
liquor?" Six or eight persons published what they knew about
it, but the statements were very contradictory. Wliatever the
truth might be, there was no doubt that his death was caused by
rum. Three rumsellers at this time gave bonds to sell no more.
Others refused to bind themselves. Before the excitement had
subsided, the annual town election came on. This election has
been known as " the three days' fight." Twelve ballotings were
necessary before the first selectman was chosen, the question being
between a board that would license, and one that would not
license. The contest was bitter and exciting, but the temperance
party at last triumphed.

The last record of the Washingtonians is dated Jan. 5, 1847,
when Reuben Tilton was president, and Charles G. Horney, sec-
retary, the meetings being held in the Methodist vestry.

In this place it may be proper to refer to other sudden deaths
from alcohol, though not belonging to this period. More than
sixty years ago a man named Richardson was found dead near
the Hall place, back of the Louis McDuffee farm. He had been
butchering, and perished on his way home. 'Not many years later
a man named Howard, living above Meaderborough, being intox-
icated town meeting day, started to go home, and it is supposed
that having taken the wrong road he attempted to cross the river
on the rotten ice, and was drowned. His remains were afterwards

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 309

found by some one out fishing. The case of Lawrence Murphy-
run over by the train on the Great Falls & Conway Eailroad a
few years since, and another case on the same road thirty or forty
years ago, are fresh in the recollection of many.

jN'o one can measure by these few cases the havoc of intoxicating
drinks. They are only occasional freaks of the fiend. His regular
work is not less deadly, but only less startling. It is concealed from
view, like some terrible diseases Avhich now and then send their
marks to the surface. The misery caused by alcohol no history
can record.

About a mile above the village, on the road to Chestnut Hill,
may be seen the grave of Andrew F. Howard. A rough field-
stone without inscription marks the spot. He was not over
twenty-two years of age, and had it not been for conditions which
surrounded him from birth, — conditions for which society is not
blameless, especially in its toleration of ignorance and rum-shops, —
he might have been living to-day, a respectable man. According
to the testimony of those who knew him, he could neither read
nor write. According to his own confession, although not intox-
icated at the time of the deed, yet several previous days of hard
drinking had thoroughly fitted him for the terrible crime. He
was under a spell, as he said. Jacob and Phebe Hanson, brother
and sister, lived a short distance beyond the school-house on the
Meaderborough road. They were plain, peaceable, industrious
members of the Society of Friends. By their habits of industry
and economy it was supposed they had laid by a considerable
sum of money. Howard, who knew them well, having worked
for them and also for other persons in the neighborhood, had
heard this report. He was living with his brother on the road
to Great Falls, near the bridge over the Salmon Falls River.
Discouraged and utterly desperate he had formed a plan to
improve his lot by shipping for JSTew Orleans, provided he could
get the money to pay his passage. In this state of mind, on the
morning of September 19, 184-3, taking down his gun he started
for Meaderborough, determined to have the money of the Hansons,
by whatever means might be necessary. The Hansons had always
treated him well, and he bore them no malice; their money was
what he wanted. The distance was some ten miles. Arriving at the
house about noon, he learned that Jacob Hanson had gone to Great

310 KOCHESTER.

Falls, or he may have known it before starting. At the door he
made his demand for money, accompanied by threats. Miss
Hanson gave him a small sum saying it was all she had, but not
believing her, Howard took deliberate aim, and, while she
stood in the entry with arm uplifted to avert the danger, fired.
The charge entered the neck, and she fell dead on the floor.
Finding a trunk he took it a short distance away and broke it
open with an ax, obtaining about twenty-nine dollars in money,
and a pocket knife, with which he fled. Another trunk said to
contain a large sum of money was overlooked. The murder was
discovered by James Page, a neighbor who came to the house
for some cider. Entering the kitchen, he found three men sitting
there with their guns, who said they had been hunting, and came
to the house also to get some cider. To his inquiry for Phebe,
they replied that she was asleep in the entry. He went and
discovered that she was dead. The alarm was given, and the
town was thrown into intense excitement. The three hunters
were arrested and examined before a justice, but their story
appearing truthful, and there being no evidence against them,
they were discharged. Suspicion fixed upon Howard, who had
been heard to utter threats against the Hansons, and officers were
put upon his track. In the meantime Howard had returned and
informed his brother of his crime. When the officers appeared
they escaped through the cellar door, and fled to the woods.
The next morning they were arrested at the station in Dover,
just as they were taking the train for Boston. Andrew at once
made full confession. The stolen money and knife were found
where he said he had hidden them. He was brought to Rochester
the same day, examined before Eichard Kimball, Esq., and com-
mitted to jail to await trial, his brother being also committed to
appear as witness. In October following, Howard attempted
suicide by hanging himself with his handkerchief, but was cut
down barely in season to save his life. The trial commenced in
August, 1844, Attorney-General Walker and Solicitor Woodman
appearing for the State, and D. M. Christie and John P. Hale for
the prisoner. Both Christie and Hale made powerful arguments.
Hale directing all his effiDrts against capital punishment, while
Christie endeavored to prove that the crime was only murder in
the second degree. The jury were understood to be equally divided.

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 311

six voting to convict of murder in the first, and six in the second
degree. In connection with this case a very strong agitation of
the question of capital punishment sprang up throughout the
State. The entire want of moral training in his youth, the fact
that he was not known ever to have attended school, aroused
some degree of sympathy for the criminal. On the day of the
presidential election in November, 1844, the sense of the people
of the State was taken upon the question of abolishing capital
punishment. Rochester voted thirty-eight in favor to one hundred
and eighty-four against its abolition. The majority in the State
against its abolition was nine thousand eight hundred and eighty-
one.

In February, 1845, Howard had a new trial. Two hundred
jurors were summoned before a panel could be completed. The
trial occupied more than a week. Hale and Bell appeared for
the prisoner, and attempted to prove an alibi by testimony of
relatives. After a brief consultation the jury returned a verdict
of murder in the first degree, but motion was made in arrest of
judgment, and sentence deferred. At the July term, the motion
for a new trial was overruled, and Howard was sentenced to be
executed Wednesday, IN'ovember 12. He received his sentence
with apparent indifference. In October petitions were circulated
for his reprieve.

"When the 12th of Xovember arrived, the gallows having been
erected, and all arrangements for a public execution completed, six
or eight thousand persons assembled to witness the final scene. But
Governor Steele had come to Dover the day before in order to
satisfy himself in regard to the propriety of a reprieve. After a
private interview with Howard, he decided to reprieve him on
the ground that his natural lack of intellect, and the evil influences
that had surrounded him from infancy, rendered him an improper
subject for execution, but that his case should be submitted to
the Legislature. During the interview Howard was unmoved as
a block, and seemed only anxious to know whether a reprieve
would be granted before or after he was placed upon the scaffold.
Governor Steele waited till the last moment in order that the
sentence might have its fullest effect upon the criminal, the only
person in the world, says a Dover paper, whom the effect was
not calculated to benefit. He did not even express thanks for the

S12 ROCHESTER.

new lease of life. By the reprieve the execution was postponed
to July 8, 1846, so as to afford ample time for the Legislature to
consider the matter. At the next term of the superior court the
indefatigable counsel for the prisoner had him brought before the
■court on a writ of habeas corjMS, contending that there was no
authority to reprieve a man under sentence, and therefore that
the reprieve was either a nullit}^, or had the effect of a pardon;
if the latter, Howard was entitled to his freedom; if the former,
then the day appointed for execution' having passed, the sheriff'
had nojfurther authority to detain him. But the court did not
sustain the writ. When the Legislature met in June, the subject
of capital punishment in general, and the case of Howard in par-
ticular, engrossed a large share of attention. Both Christie and
Hale were members of the House, and Hale was chosen speaker.
Christie, from the judiciary committee, reported a bill to abolish
capital punishment, which failed to pass. A special committee
reported a bill giving power to the governor to commute sentences,
but it was indefinitely postponed. Petitions came in for the com-
mutation of Howard's sentence to imprisonment, one from Dover
being signed by Abraham Folsom and one hundred and ninety-six
others. A special bill was introduced authorizing the Governor and
Council to commute Howard's sentence, but it was not passed. The
:8th of July was drawing near, and nothing had been accomplished
toward staying the execution. On the Sabbath before, a public
meeting was held in the town hall at Dover, and a petition pre-
pared asking the Legislature to suspend the sentence. The judi-
ciary committee was instructed by the House to report a bill to
that effect. They reported the bill July 7, with a recommendation
that it should not pass. There was an exciting debate, Hale
leaving the speaker's chair to take part, and the bill was rejected.
Of the two Rochester representatives, Daniel Lothrop voted in
favor, and Richard Kimball against. The last effort had failed,
and on the next day Howard paid the penalty of the law. He
was attended by Dr. Sweetlove and Elder Elias Hutchins. He
stated that, had he heeded his mother's advice and shunned bad
companions, he would not have been in such disgrace. His death
appeared to be instantaneous. It was designed this time that the
execution should be private, but persons on the fences could see
over the walls of the jail. To prevent this, canvas had been

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 313

spread, but so great was the clamor of the crowd, with threats
of demoUshing the jail-yard fence, that the officers removed the
canvas, and a part of the spectators were gratified. Of the three
thousand persons present about one third were women.

For several years an unremitted war against rumsellers was
waged, principally by two men, IsToah Tebbets and Charles Den-
nett. Tebbets was an excellent lawyer, and afterwards judge of
the court of common pleas. Dennett was a deputy sheriff and a
fearless officer. Both were thoroughly hostile to rum and what-
ever corrupted the morals of the community. The annual trainings
and musters were occasions of drunkenness and rowdyism, and
the great battles with rum were on the muster-field. Persons
came to these musters expecting to see Dennett killed, and once
or twice the report of his death was circulated. He always suc-
ceeded, however, in driving the rumsellers from the field. Too often
they would set up their carts and continue their traffic in the woods
at the outskirts of the village, but the stream of drinkers going and
coming would soon lead to detection. After the death of Tebbets
in 1844, the traffic went on for a time unhindered. The last
muster of the old Thirty-ninth Regiment in Rochester was in
September, 1847, on the field near the factory of E. G. k E. Wal-
lace. Drinking, gambling, and fighting fully maintained the bad
reputation of an old-fashioned militia muster. Rum was early
driven from the field, but found safe refuge in the woods and
bushes near by. The artillery company was the only one in
uniform, and of this only twenty or thirty out of one hundred
and fifty members paraded. By a premature discharge of the
cannon, Thomas Henderson of Farmington had his face mutilated,
and a part of his arm blown away.

About this time the temperance cause began to revive. For a
few years many rumsellers in the county were indicted. Divisions
of the Sons of Temperance, the earliest secret temperance organ-
ization, began to be formed. Gaining rapidly in popularity they
continued a beneficent Avork for many years. Pass-words, signs,
grips, and secret rites of initiation added a certain charm to their
meetings. Cadets of Temperance for boys. Sisters of Cadets for
girls, and Daughters of Temperance for women, became flourishing
branches of the main order. These societies occupied a room in the
old Court House. At the burning of this building in 1850 their

314 ROCHESTER.

regalia and records were destroj-ed. The subject of prohibition
had been so extensively agitated that in 1848 the question was sub-
mitted to the people, " Is it expedient that a law be enacted by
the General Court prohibiting the sale of wines and other spirit-
uous liquors, except for chemical or mechanical purposes?" Roch-
ester voted one hundred and fifty yeas, and seventy-four nays.

In February, 1850, some of the citizens, impatient of the slow
processes of law, undertook more summarily to " stamp out " the
liquor traffic. A band of men, led by the deputy sheriff, visited
an Irish house in what is now Factory Court, seized the liquor
and burned it on the brow of Mill Hill. They then visited sev-
eral other houses, seizing and destroying the liquor. One man
met them at the door with an ax, but was overcome and his
liquor captured. As they went from house to house the mob
increased to a large number, including spectators, many of whom
were among the most respectable people in town. Their presence,
however, made them accessory. Solomon M. Hall, whose house
on Frog Pond Hill, now Washington street, had been attacked,
took legal steps against the raiders, and at the August term of
court thirteen persons were indicted for " riotously, tumultuously,
unlawfully, and outrageously attacking and besetting the house "
of said Hall at 10 o'clock at night, " injuring property and breaking
windows." A long trial followed, the rioters being defended by
Daniel M. Christie. The verdict was against them, and they
were fined five dollars each, with very heavy costs. They secured,
however, an order for a new trial, and in the meantime settled
up, some paying as high as $180 each. At the same term of
court twenty indictments were found against Hall for selling
liquor. At the next annual meeting after the riot, the town
appointed L. W. Allen, J. H. Ela, ajid Louis McDuffee a prose-
cuting committee. They checked the sale of liquor for about a
year, when the matter was dropped.

In 1851 the subject of a law similar to the " Maine LaAv " was
much discussed, and a convention was held at Dover to consider
the subject. The Legislature submitted to the vote of the people
an " act for the suppression of tippling shops and drinking houses."
It appears to have been unsatisfactory to the people, as only about
five thousand votes were cast in the State. Rochester indefinitely
postponed action. In 1855 there had come a complete political

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 315

revolution in the State. The temperance sentiment had secured a
large majority in the Legislature. A prohibitory law was enacted
substantially as it stands on our statute book to-day. The tem-
perance people were much elated, and held a congratulatory
convention at Great Falls.

So long as the community were united and determined in
enforcing the law it worked well, but it ceased, at length, to be a
new thing. Temperance efforts were relaxed, and a long period
of free rum followed.

In the winter of 1864-65 people were stirred to more active
efforts, and formed a private association to suppress the sale.
Committees were appointed to procure evidence and carry on the
work of prosecution. Out of these committees the following per-
sons were specially active, and accomplished much for the tempo-
rary suppression of the traffic : — Charles W. Brown, Charles K.
Chase, Frank McDuffee, Robert Mcllroy, J. F. Place, and Jona-
than "Wentworth. In the summer following, a public meeting was
held in the Methodist Church, but the names of the committees
were kept as secret as possible. The meeting served to keep public
sentiment aroused, while the committees carried on the work of
prosecution. A liquor dealers' association in Massachusetts under-
took to protect its members by transferring actions to the United
States courts under provisions of the internal revenue laws. Many
hundred cases were thus taken out of the State courts, and the
power of the law was thereby crippled. It was said that some of
the dealers in Rochester had joined this association, and able Massa-
chusetts counsel was employed to defend them. At the February
term of 1866 about thirty indictments were obtained by the
Rochester committee. Before the grand jury rose. Judge Doe,
with the Attorney-General, caused injunctions to be served on the
U. S. Marshals, clerks of courts, and lawyers expected to defend
the persons indicted, restraining them from any attempt to transfer
the cases. The sheriff and his deputies being all assembled, were
suddenly dispatched in every direction to serve these injunctions.
The grand jury rose and reported. Many of the indicted parties
finding themselves out-generaled escaped into Maine. By this
means, several of the worst places in Rochester w^ere closed, and
som,e of the proprietors never returned. Over §600 was paid into
the countv treasurv for fines and costs. This committee continued

316 ROCHESTER.

to work for two years. Public meetings were frequently held in
the churches on Sabbath afternoons, the ministers being especially
zealous in the cause. Rumsellers were greatly enraged. The
principal hotel was fenced up, and refused for a long time to
entertain travelers. The store of C. K. Chase, one of the com-
mittee, was fired into in the night, causing much damage to his
goods. Great efforts were made about this time to secure a law
for a State constabulary for the better enforcement of prohibition,
but without success.

The rum party was long able to defeat every attempt to get
the authority of the town to sanction the efforts of the committee.
At the annual meeting in 1866 the town refused to appoint a
prosecuting committee. At a special meeting in June following,
articles to prosecute at the town's expense, and to reimburse Mr.
Chase for the destruction of his property, and to establish a night
watch, were defeated by adjournment. In April, 1867, however,
the town instructed the selectmen to appoint a prosecuting com-
mittee, and also voted unanimously to instruct the representatives
to use their efforts to secure the pasoage of a constabulary law.

In 1865 Concordia Lodge of Good Templars was organized, and
was very flourishing and useful till it was disbanded in May,
1869. There were over one hundred and fifty members in its
best days. Soon after its discontinuance, Dennett Division of Sons
of Temperance was instituted, through the efforts of the celebrated
Canadian temperance orator, Edward Carswell. This Division
had a very useful career till the surrender of its charter in August,
1879. It was composed largely of young people, and combined
literary and social entertainments with its effbrts to save the young
from intemperance. This institution was too much neglected on
account of the attention given to other organizations connected
with the temperance reform. Dennett Division has, however,
been largely instrumental in giving an impetus to all the others.
The Temperance League of 1872, with its monthly meetings in
McDuftee Hall, and the various clubs and societies which have
since taken up the work, mainly owed their existence and success
to members of the Division.

As our population has increased, the " lights and shadows "
which variegate our history have multiplied also. It would be
difficult to say which generation has the advantage. Though

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 317

drunkenness is not universal and respectable as formerl}-, still
the liquor dealers continue their diabolical traffic; still they sow
the seeds of violence and crime ; still death suddenly claims the
victims which rum has marked for his own. The shadows of the
past are already spread upon these pages ; those nearer the present
should not be omitted.

In the winter of 1870-71 a man and his wife, having become
drunk on cider, got into a quarrel in which he beat her so that
she died. In July, 1871, a man died ver}^ suddenly of delirium
tremens. A post mortem examination showed that his stomach
was nearly eaten through with liquor. Sept. 9, 1871, a man who
was suffering from delirium tremens shot himself and died the
next day. ISTot long after, a shoemaker died of sudden attack of
lung fever directly induced by drunkenness. His wife died the
day before and they were buried at the same time. All these
events occurred within a year, and though this may have been a
little unusual, still if the full record of rum's doings were kept,
every year would be spotted with its murderous list. We are apt
to think of the evils of intemperance only in connection with
violence, crime, and the extremes of exposure and poverty, and
overlook the more numerous deaths really caused by strong drink,
which occur every season, not only among the poverty-stricken
and degraded, but in the highest circles of fashion and culture.

About 1874 the popular wave introduced Eeform Clubs all over
the country. May 29, 1875, twenty delegates from Dover held
an enthusiastic meeting in the town hall, George Fox Guppy pre-
siding. Eighty-eight signed the pledge that evening, a majority
of whom had been habitual drinkers. A week later The Rochester
Reform Club was permanently organized, with Dr. T. J. Sweatt,
president, and Charles C. Wingate, secretary. Weekly or fort-
nightly meetings were held for more than a year, with temperance
discourses from the village pastors and addresses of laymen from
abroad and at home. In the fall of 1875 and subsequent months
this Club made special efforts to enforce the law. The town was
rife with controversy and excitement. Mr. Lamprey, principal of
the High School, was a leader in the movement. His firm prin-
ciple and sturdy bravery fitted him specially for the work, in
which he never flinched. His untiring devotion to the cause led
to his removal in the spring of 1877, the liquor interest having

318 ROCHESTER.

gained control of the school board. Frequent prosecutions roused
the liquor dealers to deeds of rage and violence. In public meetings
there were bitter denunciations of the clergy and the " Courier "
for their activity in the cause. ISTov. 5, 1875, Charles W. Bradley,
who had been faithful as a policeman in suppressing the liquor
traffic, while quietly passing along the street was struck violently
from behind by the keeper of a low groggery, causing the blood
to flow freely from a gash in his cheek. A crowd of roughs
speedily gathered, who had singled out Mr. Bradley for special
hatred on account of his activity in the reform movement. But
with unswerving pluck Mr. Bradley seized his assailant and had
him bound over to appear at the higher court. Three weeks
after this, while he was at a temperance meeting, some cowardly
miscreant threw several bricks through the plate glass in Mr.
Bradley's front door. The excitement of this period extended
through the town. Public meetings were held at Gonic. Many
signed the pledge, and the rum traffic in that village was
" squelched " for a time. Mention should here be made of
Squamanagonic Lodge of Good Templars, which was organized
May 24, 1876, and has continued in active existence to the present
time, doing a. good work for that village.

In 1879-80 there was considerable activity on the part of tem-
perance people. Meetings were frequent, with lectures from ISTeal
Dow and others. The " blue ribbon " movement sent its apostles,
Booth and Smith, and many signed the pledge. The " Courier "
says Frank McDuffee delivered " a powerful lecture on temper-
ance," March 14, 1880. This renewed activity had salutary results
in closing saloons and diminishing drunkenness.

June 12, 1881, The Rochester Total Abstinence Society was organ-
ized with about two hundred and fifty members, some of whom
were reformed men. The president was John B. Kelley, and
secretary Charles H. Dore. This society met nearly every week
for more than two years, with discussions, lectures, sermons, and
addresses from various persons.

Oct. 18, 1881, a well-known citizen of East Rochester was thrown
from a wagon while intoxicated, receiving such injuries that he
died after three days of terrible suffering.

For several years about this time there seems to have been but
little activity in the cause of temperance. The ministers continued

LIGHTS AND SHADOWS. 319

to preach plainl_y on the subject, and there was an occasional
outspoken article in the " Courier." In the summer of 1885 it
was publicly charged that seventy-five rum-holes were in active
operation. Some of the temperance organizations still maintained
their existence. But it was for the most part a time of general
quiet.

This quiet was suddenly broken by a fatal drunken affray, Oct.
16, 1885. A party of seven men had come up to " the Plains "
from Gonic early in the evening. After a little trading and
drinking several times, they started for home. On the way they
got into a drunken squabble, in which James McKee stabbed
Michael Crannon so that he died in a short time. At the trial
it was shown that the parties had been on friendly terms, and
McKee had no remembrance of the act. He pleaded guilty of
manslaughter in the second degree, and was sentenced to the
State Prison for seven years.

This affair aroused the people to action. Many places were
searched for liquor, and several dealers fined or put under bonds.
Frequent meetings were held, with stirring addresses from nearly
all the prominent citizens, and a great improvement was manifest.
John Young, J. P. Swasey, C. H. Hodgdon, Silas Hussey, and
C. W. Edgerly were appointed to draft a constitution for a Law
and Order League, which was presented ISTov. 22, 1885, and signed
by over one hundred persons. Meetings continued with good
work through the winter. In September, 1886, the League was
revived with the special purpose of aiding the selectmen to enforce
the law. Charles C. Hodgdon was president, and J. J. Abbott
secretary. Meetings were continued for about three months.

A party of four or five men were engaged in a drunken broil
May 5, 1887, when Elmer Tebbetts was fatally stabbed by some
unknown person.

Among the forces at work for the suppression of intemperance
the Woman's Christian Temperance Union should not be overlooked.
This was organized Oct. 11, 1876, mth Mrs. A. J. Quick, pres-
ident. The next year Mrs. Edwin Wallace became president and
held the ofiice over five years. Like the other organizations the
Union has had its times of declension and revival. Lecturers
have been secured from time to time. By earnest, self-denying
efforts suflicient money was raised to open a reading-room July 5,

320 ROCHESTER.

1885. This reading-room has since been supported in part by the
Union Mission Band, and since 1887 the town has made an annual
appropriation of »^100 for that purpose. The Union also established
an evening school in 1887 which has been quite successful.

At the annual meeting in March, 1888, the town adopted the
following resolution by a large vote, no one voting against it : —

" Resolved, that it is the sentiment of the town in this meeting
assembled, that the law relating to the sale and keeping for sale
intoxicating liquors, and to the keeping, maintenance, and letting
of places defined by law as nuisance, shall be rigidly enforced by
the selectmen."

Accordingly notice was served on all known liquor dealers that
the selectmen would carry out these instructions after the first
day of April.

Those who have carefully followed the history of the temperance
cause cannot fail to note one fact. Amid all the vicissitudes
attending the work, the friends of temperance from the beginning
of the reform sixty years ago have labored persistently and hero-
ically. The work has scarcely been remitted during the whole
time, and if there have been occasional periods of apparent rest
and slackness, the work has been speedily taken up with increased
earnestness and determination. When one band of fighters has
become weary or passed away in death, others have quickly
sprung to the front, and resumed the battle. And if for the last
few years there has seemed to be a lull in the fight, and drunk-
enness has seemed to increase, yet even now (1888) there are
not wanting those who are ready to deal vigorous blows in behalf
of temperance, and tokens of renewed activity are manifest.

CHAPTER XIV.

LEADIXa MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION.

"In the race and not the prize
GIoit's true distinction lies.
And the generous and the good,
In the crowd or solitude,
Stand in modesty alone
Still serenely struggling on.
Planting peacefully the seeds
Of bright hopes and better deeds."

EICHAPvD DAME.

Richard Dame was born at Rochester in 1756, and died Sept.
19, 1828. He was a very prominent man in his day. He repre-
sented the town in the Legislature in 1800-01-03 ; was a member
of State Senate from 1807 to 1809; a councilor from 1809 to
1811; and justice of the Court of Common Pleas from 1817 till
his death.

Judge Dame was universally esteemed for the purity and integ-
rity of his character in all the public and private relations of life.
He always desired to be a peacemaker. A near neighbor of his
was a very irascible, passionate, quarrelsome man. "While work-
ing together on the highway he got in a rage and threw some
snow upon the Judge. Desiring to live in peace with all men,
the Judge thought this aiforded a good ojjportunity for reconciling
his unkind neighbor; so he sent him a note stating that by
throwing the snow he had rendered himself liable to punishment
under the law, and informing him that he might take his choice,
to be reconciled and live thereafter on peaceable terms with him,
or pay five dollars as a penalty for the assault. The plan, how-
ever, failed, as the messenger returned bringing the money.
Judge Dame was an exemplar}' and highly respected member of
the Societv of Friends. During his last illness he exhibited that
patient resignation which might have been expected from the

322 • ROCHESTER.

uniform tenor of his life, and which happily illustrated his char-
acter as a pious and devoted Christian.

JOIS^AS C. MARCH.

Clement March, father of Jonas C, was six feet and a half in
height, and of very commanding presence. When any disturbance
was heard among the inmates of his house, he would say, " Nat,
take my cane there." The boy, shouldering the long, mysterious
wand and marching through the room, would restore quiet without
a word. He was an agreeable, social man, whose company was
soucrht at all merrv-makino:s. In 1758 he was constable of the
I^orth Parish in Portsmouth, and his duty was to keep the unruly
boys in and out of church in good order. He had three sons : —
John, jSTathaniel, and Jonas C; and four daughters: — Margaret
married a Mr. Maloon, Sarah married B. Akerman, Hannah
married a Mr. Clark, and Elizabeth married J. Akerman.

Jonas C. March was born at Portsmouth in 1764, and married
Sally, daughter of Judge Aaron Wingate, who was the mother
of his eight children, and died at the age of thirty-six. He after-
wards married Lydia, sister of his first wife, who died in this village
about 1865. Mr. March removed from Farmington to Rochester
in 1803, and commenced trade on the present site of Feineman's
clothing store. As a business man he was very methodical,
his books being kept with great precision and neatness. His
semi-annual visit to Boston to purchase goods was a great event
in Rochester. On these occasions he was always accompanied by
his firm friend and neighbor tradesman, Joseph Hanson. As great
preparation was made for the trip as would now be made for a
journey to Europe. For a week previous the old horse was
allowed an extra quantity of oats, the chaise was inspected and
put in thorough order. Two days were occupied in going and
the same in returning.

For the poor, Mr. March had always a kind word and good
advice, with not unfrequently more substantial assistance. He was
a good friend to the young and deserving, ever ready, even unso-
licited, to assist those who were striving to rise. His benevolent
traits of character rendered him universally respected and greatly
beloved. He was register of deeds for Strafford county from 1803

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 323

to 1811, and state senator from 1813 to 1815. He died after a
short illness, Aug. 20, 1820, and his funeral was attended by mul-
titudes of people from far and near. The names of his children
were Eliza, Hannah, Jonas C, Jr., Caroline, Sarah Ann, Aaron
Wingate, Emily, and John Plumer.

The last named is a successful merchant in New York city.
Jonas C, Jr., inherited many traits of his grandfather, being fond
of merry-makings, and abounding in practical jokes. He suc-
ceeded his father in the store, and was representative to the
Legislature in 1827. After leaving Eochester he was for many
years a salesman in Boston.

U P H A ^I .

BY F. W. UPHAM, LL. D.

As the story of Greece is that of the states of Greece, so the
storv of IN'ew England is that of her towns; and of few is the
story of more curious interest than that of Eochester, New Hamp-
shire, and of the village on what of old was known as Norway
Plain, from its stately pines, a few relics of whose pride stood,
in our youth, like motionless sentinels near the burying ground.
De Tocqueville, the traveler who looked with truest philosophic
insight into what here is best worth seeing, saw and regretted
that our history was fast perishing. Wise and worthy, then, the
sentiment that led Franklin McDufFee to save the traditions of
his native town ! It is well that the work he well began should
be his lasting monument!

Of the time of the Eevolution, in which our town had its share,
my mother told me a family story, so characteristic of the men and
women of that heroic age, that, had he known it, Bancroft would
gladly have told it in his history. To test the feelings of the
country people, not long before the fight at Lexington, the patriots
in Boston sent out word that the British troops were marching
out. Everywhere the minute-men sprang to arms. Her father
was not enrolled among them, as he was waiting for his commis-
sion, and his wife thought he would not go, for she was sick,
and in the house there lay in its coffin the body of one of the
children. He came in ; he took down his pistols from over the

324 ROCHESTER.

mantel-piece. "You are not going?" she said, and this was the
answer, " I would rather die than be a slave." No other word passed
between them. Their feelings were too much for words, and they
understood each other. She was willing he should go, though,
too sick to rise from her couch and left with their unburied dead,
she listened to his horse's hoofs while he rode down the little hill
where the house stood, as to a knell ! He came back before night,
but soon went away again to serve through the seven years of
war and to receive the commendation of Washington. He was
worthy of the love of my mother, who in her written farewell
to her children told them to inscribe on her gravestone that " she
was the daughter of Hon. Thomas Cogswell of Gilmanton."

One fact in the annals of Eochester, in its date, at least, is
almost unique. There the union of Church and State long survived;
for, born in A. D. 1817, I was baptized by old Parson Haven,
after whom the hill that on the south overlooks the village is
named. And in town meeting the town voted that for life he
should be the town minister. Quakers came and settled in Meader-
borough, Baptists in the south of his parish, in force the Meth-
odists contested the village, and Parson Haven out-preached his
eyesight, his voice, and his congregation, yet the town faithfully
paid him his stipend till he died !

The town that in town meeting voted for its minister, cared so
well for its town school that scholars were there fitted for college.
My memory runs not back so far as to that sternest and best of
schoolmasters, Henry Orne, but one of his pupils told me, that
when to the common regret he gave up his honorable office —
for the schoolmaster then was one of the grandees of the town —
he was so worn out, that when a man whom he loved in his
boyhood sought him out in his strict seclusion, saying he must
see his old friend, this answer came back, " Tell him, what is left
of Henry Orne is not worth the seeing!"

Of his bovs he made men, and of them there were some who
came to honor. Of one of these I may speak — my oldest brother,
Thomas Cogswell Uyham. (p. 243). I have traveled far in many
lands, but not so far as the bounds of his fame. A Brahmin
told a missionary in India that he had read his religious works
with more satisfaction than any others in the English tongue.
Going up to the Black Sea, I saw on heights overlooking Con-

LEADING MEN SIXCE THE REVOLUTION. 325

stantinople the lofty towers of Robert College; his Philosophy,
translated into one of the principal languages of the Ottoman
Empire, was there taught by its founder, Cyrus Hamlin, whose
name, clanim et venerabile, here may well be named, as for a short
time he was master of the Academy on Xorway Plain.

Thomas was a grandson of the first minister of the fine old
town of Deerfield, IST. H., and a graduate of Harvard. He was born
in that town, in a house that still looks out on Pleasant Pond;
but all his childish recollections and life-long love were of and
for the hills and streams and the people of Rochester. Giving up
much from a sense of duty, he became assistant to old Parson
Haven, and soon filled the deserted mccting-house. Thence called
at the age of twenty-five to Bowdoin, his fame as a discoverer in
philosophy and a religious writer became the rich possession ot
the college, in whose graveyard, shaded by his native pine, his
bodv now waits for the resurrection. He was so widelv known
that I give two incidents in his life — one of which were other-
wise too trivial. So well-mannered and studious a child was he,
that for a long while he, alone, of the pupils of Henry Orne,
escaped the fiogging administered for cause to every other one.
"When at last his time came, to the amazement of all the school,
of its stern master, too, the gentlest of the village boys so stoutly
resisted, that for once Henry Orne gave in, feeling that there
must be some mistake, as there proved to be.

As to himself the Professor was reticent ; and till near the end
of his days may never have told what is too honorable to him
that with me it should perish. In Bowdoin there were professors
only, and to each a special field was given ; as, to Henry "W.
Longfellow that of modern languages, to him, that of mental phi-
losophy. What then was known as such, was a chaos. It then
bore (as it still bears in some treatises) much the same relation
that alchemy bore to chemistry, astrology to astronomy. With iron
industry, fourteen hours a day for ten years he labored to bring
order into its confusion, and with results so little satisfactory that
with a high sense of honor, feeling that he could not master the
life work given him, he silently made up his mind to resign his
professorship. Just then there came into his mind a perception
of the truth, that while the spirit there is in man is one spirit,
it has three phases of being, — the mind, the heart, and the will,

326 ROCHESTER.

equal in breadth of manifestation, and each with powers and laws
of its own. In the light of this idea, with fresh courage he began
to classify all the many facts he had gathered, and "praying all
the time," clear through the realms of the intellect and of the
passions he carried the science which before had for the most
part stopped with imperfect attempts to survey the mind; and
thus far he made an accurate map of the soul. Then, on the will,
as equal in the breadth and complexity of its manifestations and
laws, he wrote a treatise, the first ever written with any such
broad purpose in any language under heaven.

He was a great man, but his father, Hon. Nathaniel Upham
of Rochester, was by nature greater than any of his seven sons.
His mother, who was brought up in the house of her aunt, the
wife of Col. Timothy Pickering of Salem, was a woman of quick
intellect and unpretending piety. The eldest of her two sons *
was of great energy, so controlled by common sense, that he suc-
ceeded in whatever he undertook. In my childhood he was so
much in "Washington, where for six years he was the representative
from the old county of Straftbrd, that my remembrances of him
are few till after a long and severe fever, from which he but par-
tially recovered, to die at the age of fifty-five, July 10, 1829. He
was a personal friend of two statesmen, very unlike and bitterly
hostile, Henry Clay of Kentucky and Andrew Jackson. His pri-
vate secretary told me that the old General, in the last years of
his life at the Hermitage, often pleased himself with calling over
the roll of his friends, and among them always named my father.
In the attacks made in Congress upon the military conduct of the
General, no doubt my father gave him earnest support, for he
ever stood in opposition to the Federalists, who before and in the
war of 1812 went, as he thought, to the very verge of treason.
Eightly to state the value of his political influence, the story of
a strife as severe, as bitter, and as important in its principles as
any in our annals, would have to be written; but here it can
only be said, that in 1811 he was one of the Council of Governor
Langdon, and that when he ran for Congress, this was the sig-
nificant heading of the ticket : — " The union of the States."

* Note.— The other son was Col. Timothy Upham of Portsmouth. He was distinguished
for bravery and good conduct in the war of 1812. In the sortie from Fort Erie he led the
reserve, aiid in the bloody battles on the Niagara frontier his regiment from twelve hundred
was cut down to three hundred and fifty men.

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 327

In person lie was tall and commaucliug, above the average of
men, six feet four inches in height, straight as a dart, and said
to have been the finest-looking man in the house. The only
portrait of Mr. Upham now in existence may be seen in the
Corcoran Art Gallery, in a picture of the Honse of Representa-
tives in session in the old hall as it was in 1817. It was painted
by Morse, since so famous, then a young artist, and a son of a
friend of my father. He is in the front circle, the only one of
the members standing, and, consequently, he is the most con-
spicuous figure in the picture; but all the figures are so small
that no one of the portraits is of much value as a likeness.

The town that in town meeting chose a minister for life, and that
for its school-master selected one who could fit boys for college,
and kept him in ofiice till his strength was worn out, provided
a town library, and the spirit of the early dwellers on the iS'orway
Plain is proved by those three facts. Very small and very well
selected that library was the delight of my boyhood, for there -with
histories and travels were "Don Quixote," " Gil Bias," " Waverley,"
and the "Lay of the Last Minstrel." It was then kept in the law
ofiice of Hon. David Barker, a native of the town and one of the
boys of Henry Orne, — a successor to my father in Congress, a
graduate of Cambridge, a favorite pupil of Dr. Abbot of the Exeter
Academy, he was a gentleman of fine nature and fine culture.
My oldest sister Mary was his wife. I was up at his house one
afternoon, and, as at the usual hour Mr. Barker did not come
over to tea, we knew that something unusual had happened.
After a long while he came in and told his wife that he had
been with a boy who had walked down from Farmington, some
eight miles, to consult with him as to what to read and how to
improve his mind. Walking such a distance was less common
then than now, and a sign of utter poverty. " Why did you not
send him back in the wagon ?" among other things was asked,
and there was a depth of meaning in the answer, " He loas not that
kind of a hoy /" That bo}- lived to be Senator, and to die Vice-
President of the United States — Henry Wilson — and the book
selected for him was Marshall's Life of Washino-ton.

In that library was " The Monastery," the first of Scott's novels
read by me, and always for that reason a favorite, as, for the
same reason, Puskin says it is with him. Xow, Scott's glowing

328 ROCHESTER.

descriptions of scenery in " The Monastery" and in the "Lay of the
Last Minstrel " led me, as a boy, to imagine that his marvelous
genius might have been quickened by the natural beauty of the
valley of the Tweed and the country around Abbotsford ; and much
surprised, delighted, and perhaps incredulous I should have been, had
any one told me the truth, that the natural beauties of the Lowland
of Scotland are surpassed by those of the old county of Strafford ;
that few of their inland prospects equal the far-reaching view
from the top of Haven's Hill ; that the Cocheco is very much as
the Tweed, and that, at a like distance, the Eildon Hills are not
finer than jSTew Durham Eidge and Blue Job as seen from the
^Norway Plain.

Several others of the seven sons of Hon. JSTathaniel Upham
attained considerable distinction. The writer of the above sketch,
Francis William Upham, LL. D., a lawyer of some note, and for-
merly partner of Robert Rantoul of Boston, is now Professor of
Mental Philosophy in Rutgers College.

Dr. Alfred Upham. graduated at Dartmouth Medical College in
1833, and was for more than forty years a successful physician in
New York City. He died in !N"ovember, 1878, and " his funeral
brought together a large number of persons of solid worth as well
as venerable age." Dr. Upham was highly esteemed by his many
acquaintances, one of whom says that " his house was a fountain
of healing, and also of kindness and sympathy to all who knew
him."

Dr. Albert Gallatin Upham studied his profession in Paris, was
elected Professor of Pathological Anatomy in the Medical College
of Castleton, Vt., and was corresponding member of the National
Listitute of the United States. He died in Boston in the spring
of 1847, of typhus fever contracted in discharge of his professional
duties. He was a man of high moral worth and of great promise
in hir^ profession.

Timothy Upham was also a physician.

Joseph Badger Upham was a merchant.

Hon. Nathaniel Gookin Upham was born in Rochester in 1801,
and o-raduated in 1820 from Dartmouth College, from which he
received the degree of LL. D. in 1862. He began the practice of
law in Bristol but removed to Concord in 1829. He was for
twelve years judge of the Superior Court of Xew Hampshire. In

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 329

1836 he was appointed bj Governor Badger to deliver a eulogy
on Lafaj'ette before the State Legislature. He was for several
years president of the Concord Railroad. In 1853 he was appointed
commissioner to England for the adjustment of claims between
Great Britain and the United States, which position he filled with
honor to himself and full satisfaction to our government. He died
at Concord in 1869. " Judge Upham was a man well known,
and of large influence throughout Xew England for many years.
He was a Christian, a scholar, a statesman, a man without
reproach."

MOSES HALE.

Moses Hale, the second son of Eliphalet and Rachel Hale, was
born in Bradford, Mass., July 23, 1775. He was a direct descend-
ant of Thomas and Thomasine Hale, who came from Hertfordshire,
England, and settled in ISTewbury, Mass., in 1635, afterwards
removing to Bradford.

About the year 1800 Moses went to Durham, and in April,
1804, was married to Elisabeth De Merritte of that village, and
settled in Rochester, where he continued to reside till his death.
Here he established a leather business — tanning and currying —
which he carried on with great success for over thirty years, fur-
nishing a large part of the leather used in the adjoining towns
and counties, and indeed all over the State, He also dealt largely
with several Boston houses, carrying the goods ordered in two-
horse teams, which occupied a week in making the round trip.
In this business he acquired what in those days was considered
a fortune, and retired from active life before he was sixty years
old. His two sons, Luther and Moses, Jr., continued the busi-
ness till the death of Luther in 1842. The store on Market street
owned by the late Lewis Hanson, with the house in the rear
occupied by him, was built by Mr. Hale for leather storage, and
used for that purpose till the business was closed. The other
buildings were taken down or removed, and the tannery converted
into a fruit garden.

Mr. Hale also carried on farming to quite an extent, owning
and working several farms in Rochester. He was a kind, devoted
husband, an indulgent father, believing it his first duty to care for

330 ROCHESTER.

those nearest him. He was always a friend to the needy, and the
occasions were not rare when in some snowstorm such as were
frequent in those days, he would request " the boys " to harness up,
and takins^ with them food and fuel, would go to some lone widow
or spinster, shovel away the snow from her door, and replenish
her wasted stores. The widow and orphan found in him a true
friend, and a wise adviser. He was an honest man, and much
relied on for his sound judgment and his conservative policy.
He held offices of trust at home, and represented the town in the
State Legislature. He was always interested in the prosperity of
the town. When it was proposed to locate a woolen mill in
Kochester there was much opposition, but Mr. Hale encouraged
it by his word, and leased, at a low rate, land on which to erect
some of the buildings.

Though not a member of any church, he was a religious man,
a strict observer of the Sabbath and its institutions, regular in
attendance at church, and requiring the same of every member
of his household. Bible reading occupied the entire day, and he
was never seen with any other book on the Sabbath. He was
never heard to criticise the creeds or opinions of others, but
accorded to them that which he desired for himself — liberty.

He contributed generously to the support, not only of his own
society, but of each in town. He died in 1839. His wife, Elisa-
beth, was the daughter of Israel and Lois De Merritte of Dur-
ham, and grand-daughter of Major John De Merritte of Madbury,
who rendered valuable service in the taking of Fort William and
Mary in 1775.

They had nine children. Alfred^ Luther, and 3Ioses, Jr., were
never married, and lived to the ages of forty-six, thirty-five, and
twenty-nine respectively. Clara died in infancy. Caroline married
Louis Turner of Bangor, Me., and upon the death of Mr. Turner,
about six years later, she removed to Eochester. She was greatly
respected and beloved, a woman of strong, decided convictions,
always found on the side of truth and justice, whether popular
or unpopular, and never afraid of expressing her convictions to
others. At the commencement of the anti-slavery struggle she
came out boldly on the side of the oppressed, and was active in
forming the first anti-slavery society in Rochester, of which she
was the first secretary. " Kind, genial, sympathetic, and strong,

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 331

all within her circle sought her counsel, and none were refused
its benefits. For strength of judgment, liberality of sentiment,
broad charity, general knowledge, courageous expression, just
discrimination, tact, command, and executive ability she had few
equals." She was foremost in all works of benevolence, and
greatly appreciated by the church of which she was a member.
She died in 1873.

EUsaheth married Richard Kimball in December, 1843. She
possessed rare beauty of face and feature, and in character seemed
almost faultless. Though never possessing strong health, she was
always forgetful of self, and helpful to others. To several lone
women she was sole provider, and to her they always looked for
food and raiment, which never failed. Her sweetness of temper
and disposition, her loving thoughtfulness for the feelings of others,
won her friends everywhere. Her life, counting it by years, was
short — for she died at the age of twentv-seven — but it was filled
with tender ministry to others.

Calvin was for a time a clerk in the dry goods store of Jona-
than H. Torr of Rochester, and afterwards opened a store at Dover,
where he continued business till elected cashier of the Lano-don
bank, and later of the Dover iSTational Bank and treasurer of the
Dover Savings Bank. He married Martha Chace of Berwick,
Me., and died at Dover, May 16, 1887.

Harrison remained a farmer at the homestead. He married
Abby Wadleigh of Union, and died in 1879.

Sarah married, in 1850, J. A. iSTewell of Boston, Mass., and
took up her residence in that city, but latterly has lived in West
Newton, Mass.

WOODMAN.

Hev. JosejjJi Woodman, the first settled minister of Sanbornton,
was the son of John Woodman of Newbury, Mass., and gradu-
ated at Nassau Hall in 1766. His wife was the daughter of Rev.
Aaron Whittemore of Pembroke. He was a distino'uished divine,
and a fearless patriot. His name stands at the head of the list
of signers to the test declaration sent out by the committee of
safety in 1766. He had a small salary, with the farm set apart
for the first minister, and it was with diificulty he reared and

332 ROCHESTER.

educated his family of nine children, sending the oldest son to
college.

Jeremiah Hall Woodman, the eldest son of " Parson Wood-
man," was born in Sanbornton April 18, 1775. He prepared for
college under the tuition of his father, and the Rev. Dr. Woods
of Boscawen. At the age of fifteen he started for Hanover on
horseback, with saddle bags to hold his scanty outfit of books
and clothing. Dartmouth College was then literally " vox clamantis
in deserto." Mr. Woodman was very studious and graduated in
1794, holding the second rank in his class of forty-five. His
democratic principles did not affiliate with the Phi Beta Kappa
Society, and he joined a large number of students in raising an
opposition to it. He opposed it because of what he thought were
its aristocratic tendencies, and not because of its secrecy, for later
in life he was one of the founders and the first Master of the
Humane Lodge of Masons in Rochester.

After leaving college, Mr. Woodman taught the Academy at
Hallowell, Me., for two years. From there he went to Franklin,
then a part of Salisbury, and read law with Hon, Thomas W.
Thompson, and afterwards with Judge Jeremiah Smith at Exeter,
where he was admitted to the bar. About this time he traveled
through Vermont and a part of New York, looking for a desirable
location, but concluded to return to New Hampshire, and in 1799
began practice in Warner. After one year he removed to Mere-
dith Bridge, now Laconia, where he soon had a large practice,
and was highly esteemed for fidelity, uprightness, and ability.

In 1806 he came to Rochester, where he was a prominent lawyer
for nearly fifty years. He had a large circle of warm friends,
particularh' among the leading men of the Federal party with
whom he associated. Distrusting the policy of JeiFerson, he was
conspicuous for his ardent and vigorous support of the Federal,
and, afterwards, of the Whig party. In middle life he took active
part in their conventions, but residing in a strong democratic
town, county, and State, he was called to few elective offices.
In 1824-25 he was elected representative to the Legislature. In
town affairs, apart from politics, he was much consulted and trusted
by the people, and in their meetings was listened to with great
respect and confidence. Particularly in everything relating to the
schools, he was a directing spirit, and with other sound men of

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 333

the villao;e, insisted unon prociirino; teachers who were thorouo-hly
educated, and most of whom were college graduates. The good
results of this policy are plainh' seen in the distinguished men
whom Rochester has sent out, many of whose names appear in
the sketches of this chapter. Mr. Woodman was one of the
founders of both Wolfeborou2:h and Rochester academies. He
gave much attention to farming, and was one of the originators
of the County Agricultural Society, of which he was also president.

Mr. Woodman was distinguished for his urbanity and kind and
familiar intercourse with people of all classes. He was a social
man, fond of humor, and exceedingly hospitable. There are few
private houses where so many guests have been entertained, not
grudgingly, but with a genial kindness that made them feel at
home.

Soon after settling in Rochester, Mr. Woodman bought the
large Mansion House which had been erected by Captain Storer
in 1799. This was his life-long residence, and here he died in
1854. His widow occupied it till her death in 1866, at the age
of eighty-six. It is now a hotel, on the west side of Main street,
just north of Liberty street.

About the time he came to Rochester, Mr. Woodman married
Sarah, daughter of Rev. Stephen Chase of Newcastle. Descended
from distinguished ancestry. Col. Joshua Wingate of Hampton,
Hon. John Frost of Newcastle, and the elder William Pepperell,
she was eminent for her christian character, her genial hospitality,
her refined intellect, and her helpful sympathy for the sick and
the needy. She instilled into her children a laudable ambition to
be useful and honorable in every position in which they might
be placed.

The children of Jeremiah H. and Sarah C. Woodman, who
survived infancy, were the following, all of whom were married
and had children : —

1. 3Iary Esther, wife of Judge Xoah Tebbets, born Jan. 12,
1808, died Jan. 8, 1879.

2. Charles William, born in Rochester Dec. 7, 1809, gradu-
ated at Dartmouth College in 1829. He read law with his father,
Hon. Ichabod Bartlett of Portsmouth, and Hon. Richard Fletcher
of Boston, and was admitted to the bar in 1833. After one year's

834 ROCHESTER.

practice in Somerswortli he removed to Dover, where his remaining
life was spent. He was solicitor for Stratford county from 1839 to
1844; judge of probate from 1846 to 1853; judge of the Court of
Common Pleas in 1854, the office being abolished in 1855. In 1861,
'62, '78 and '79, he represented Dover in the Legislature, following
his first term with service in the army as United States paymaster.
For many years he was commissioner of the Circuit Court of
the United States. He was always a prominent citizen, highly
respected and lionored. He was for a long time law partner with
Hon. John P. Hale, and in later years with Arthur G. Whittemore.
He was a member of Sawyer Post, G. A. P., and also of Straftbrd
Lodo-e of F. & A. Masons, and Wecohamet Lodge of Odd Fellows.
Judge Woodman married, first, in 1840, Charlotte, daughter ot
Stephen Pierce of Portsmouth, and second, in 1866, Frances J.,
daughter of John J. Loren of Roxbury, Me. He died Jan. 24,
1888, leaving a widow and two daughters.

3. Jeremiah Hall, born Aug. 1, 1811, resides in Ashtabula, Ohio.

4. Theodore Chase, born in Rochester April 10, 1815, fitted
for college at Exeter, and graduated at Dartmouth College in 1835.
He read laAv with lion. Daniel M. Christie and Hon. IsToah Teb-
bets of Dover, He began practice in Haverhill, but removed to
Bucksport, Me., in 1839.

In the earlier part of his professional life Mr. Woodman took
an active interest in politics, though he never sought office, only
serving the public faithfully and honestly when duty seemed to
call. He was a member of the Legislature in 1857-58, 1866-67
-68, being speaker of the House the last year. From this time
he retired definitely from public life, steadfastly refusing every
office except that of moderator of town meeting, to which he was
elected thirtv-four times, and in which he exhibited rare talents
and tact. The confidence of his fellow-townsmen shown in the
constant regularity of conferring this office upon him was a special
gratification to Mr. Woodman, and he frequently referred to it in
his later years as the acme of his political ambition. He was
always regarded a safe counselor in matters of law and business,
and a great discourager of litigation. Pre-eminently a peace-maker,
he habitually urged would-be clients to settle their differences
without recourse to law, if possible, consequently his court prac-

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 335

tice was never large. His principal business was office practice,
and the settlement of estates. His reputation for financial sagacity
and faithfulness brought him many trusts, which he administered
with that high sense of honor and integrity which characterized
the whole course of his life. The widow, the orphan, and the
needy found in him a wise adviser, a sympathizing, generous
friend, a courteous gentleman, to whom a selfish motive or an
unldndiy act seemed impossible. " He left behind him memories
of a clear, strong mind, a sparkling social wit, an unselfish, gen-
erous character, an upright, noble life."

Mr. Woodman married the daughter of Dea. Henrj' Darling of
Bucksport, Me., whom he left a widow with three daughters and
one son, the Rev. Russell Woodman of Albany, I^s". Y.

5. Sarah Jane, born jSTo'v. 5, 1816, married Russell Bradford,
Esq., whom she survives, and resides at Cambridge, Mass.

6. Harrieite Crosby, born May 31, 1818, married Dr. Jeremiah
H. Garland, and resides at ISTashua.

7. Maria Barker, born Dec. 31, 1819, married John P. Rogers,
a merchant residing in Boston, Mass.

8. Charlotte Cheever, born Oct. 10, 1821, married Hon. Moses
Howe of Haverhill, Mass.

9. Samuel, born June 27, 1824, in trade at Haverhill, Mass.

CHARLES DEIS^NETT.

The ancestry of the subject of this sketch is traced back through
five generations in this country. In tracing the Dennetts in Eng-
land, it is found that they originated in Sussex county. A coat
of arms belonging to a soldier of the name is described in Guil-
lium's Heraldry, edition of 1638. For those interested in such
things an engraving of the coat of arms is here given with the
description in its quaint old English spelling.

Description of the Coat of Arms of the English Dennetts.

" HE BEARETH SABLE, GUTTE D'eAU, ERMYNE, BLACK UPON WHITE, BY THE
NAME OF DANNET. THE WORD EAU IS A FRENCH WORD, AND SIGNIFYETH THE
SAME AS AQUA DOTH IN LATIN, WHICH IS AS MUCH AS TO SAY HE BEARETH
DROPS OF water; if HE SHOULD BLAZON IT IN ENGLISH THE PROPER COLOUR
THEREOF IS ARGENT.

336 ROCHESTER.

" THIS HAS BEEN A WORTHY ESCUCHEON FOR A SOULDIER OF THAT CHRISTIAN
LEGION CALLED THE FULMINATRIX, AT WHOSE PRAYERS IN A GREAT DROUGHTH,
GOD POURED DOWNE RAINE IN THE SIGHT OF THE HEATHEN, AS EUSEBIUS TES-
TIFYETH ; AND YET THEY WERE NO FRESH WATER SOULDIERS, BUT WERE AS
READY TO HAVE EMBRUED THEIR ESCUCHEONS WITH DROPS OF BLOOD AS TO
HAVE THUS SPRINKLED THEM WITH DROPS OF RAINE."

6t mCUKKOF UUiNSrT«

An English autliority of modern date says, " The family arms of
Dennet or Dennett, agreeably to the fashion of the time, — le temps
Elisabeth, — is — sable, gutte cVeau, a canton Ermine ; crest, boar's head,
erased proper; motto, Per Dei Providentiam."

The name is Normandie French, and was originally D'Anet;
then Daiiet, then Dannei, then Dennet, and finally Dennett.

Two brothers, Alexander and John Dennett, came from England
somewhere about 1660, settling in Portsmouth, N. H. Alexander,
born about 1635, died in Newcastle in 1698. John died May 1,
1709, and was buried in Portsmouth.

Alexander, Jr., born about 1660, died June 7, 1733, at Ports-
mouth, leaving seven children ; he married, as second wife, Esther
Cross, Dec. 2, 1728.

His oldest son, 3Ioses, born 1695, married Lydia Fernald of
Kittery, Me., Feb. 11, 1723, and died in 1749. A copy of his
will, dated 1745, and the inventory of his property after his de-
cease, valued in pounds, shillings, and pence, and dated at Ports-
mouth, province of ITew Hampshire, shows that he left an estate
of $26,000. His name is on record as selectman, justice of the
peace, etc. Five of his nine children died in early childhood.
His oldest son, David, born March 15, 1727, was a soldier in the
Revolutionary war, and died in hospital at Falmouth, Me., in
1778.

Charles, second son of Moses, born April 21, 1729, married
Hannah !N"utter of lN"ewington, Sept. 13, 1753, and died April 6,

Enq^byAM .

ed-7 5-

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 337

1763, leaving two daughters and a son, Moses, born in 1758, in
Portsmouth, died in Barnstead Dec. 28, 1810. Hoses married, in
1781, Betsev, daughter of Samuel Xutter of Portsmouth, where
she was born May 3, 1762. She died in Barnstead, Jan. 19, 1852,
nearly ninety years of age. She was a woman of very strong
and positive traits of character, many of which were inherited by
her son Charles, the subject of this sketch, and the fourth of the
eight children of this marriage.

Charles Dennett, sixth in descent from the first Alexander,
was born in Barnstead, Sept. 28, 1788. The younger son, Oliver,
remained upon the home farm, which is still in possession of the
famil}'. Charles, who had much mechanical ingenuity, was appren-
ticed at the age of fourteen to a cabinet-maker in Gilmanton,
where he remained through the period of seven years, which was
then considered requisite to mastering any trade. An incident
which occurred during his apprenticeship foreshadows the future
man. He learned to play cards, but finding they were absorbing
too much of his time and attention, he decided to give up playing,
and never touched cards ao-ain.

AYhen he had completed his time, he was hired by his master
at the munificent sum of eight dollars per month, and board,
having to take his pay partly in clock-cases, and trust to selling
them if he could !

In 1812 he came to Rochester, and soon began cabinet-making
for himself. It was then considered a difiicult task to veneer
with mahogany, but he laid his first veneer successfully without
ever having seen it done. He was a very nice and tasteful work-
man. Many inlaid clock-cases, sideboards, secretaries, bureaus,
and tables, with exquisitely carved and twisted legs, still exist to
testify to his skill and thorough workmanship, being hand-made
by himself and his apprentices.

His upright habits and steady industry soon won the respect
of h'is townsmen. He had been in Rochester but a brief time
when Mr. Upham, one of his neighbors, came and offered him a
loan of money ; he replied that he " would like it very much, but
could give no security." Mr. Upham responded, " So long as I
hear you at work every morning at four o'clock I wish no other
securitv."

jSTov. 11, 1813, he married Abigail Ham, daughter of Israel

338 ROCHESTER.

Ham of Rochester Ils'eck and Mehitable, daughter of Daniel Hayes
of Madburj. She was born Jan. 8, 1792.

Just before his marriage Mr. Dennett erected the dwelhng-
house on Main street, which was his home for nearly fifty-four
3'ears. There nine children were born to him, and there he
celebrated his " golden wedding." The brick building, which he
used for a .shop, was built about two years later than the dwelling-
house.

Their children were as follows: — I.' Israel Ham, born Dec. 5,
1814, died Dec. 3, 1817. 2. Miza, born Sept. 19, 1816, died
Aug. 14, 1817. 3. Charles, Jr., born Aug. 4, 1818, died Oct. 19,
1829. 4. John Plammer, born Oct. 15, 1820, died Feb. 24, 1836.
5. Adaline, born Aug. 19, 1822, now living in Concord, is the
wife of G. S. Dennett. Of her three children, Herman W., Ida
F., and Lyford P., only one is living, viz., Herman W. Ida
F., wife of Dr. H. A. Dalrymple, left three children, one of
whom, Albert H., lives in Concord with his grandmother; Alice
E. resides in Rochester ; and Bertha has died. 6. Oliver, born
March 21, 1825, died April 10, 1843, at Union College, Schenec-
tady, X. Y. Entering college at sixteen years of age, he died at
eighteen of brain fever. He was an exceptionally fine scholar,
unusually modest, retiring, and amiable. His death was a heavy
blow to his parents, and they never fully recovered from its eftects.
7. George Henry, born May 8, 1827, is a successful merchant in
Rockford, Illinois, where he has resided over thirty years. He
married Climeua M. Kelly in 1853. 8. Abbie Ham, born Feb. 24,
1831, graduated at New Hampshire Conference Seminary in 1851,
taught a year in Manchester High School, and afterwards in a
family school in Virginia. She now occupies the homestead on
Main street, having adopted Alice Edissa, great-grandchild of
Charles Dennett. 9. Harriette Frances, born Nov. 16, 1833, died
Nov. 30, 1868. She possessed rare traits of character, but was
so retiring that her virtues were fully appreciated only by those
who knew her most intimately.

The above record shows that time brought many sad burdens
to the heart of Charles Dennett; but such was the elasticity and
natural cheerfulness of his disposition, that he always impressed
those with whom he came in contact as being uncommonly happy

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 339

and free from care : his vivacious manner, and merrv laii2:li as he
poured forth a rich fund of anecdotes, ever made him a Yrelcome
addition to anv circle, whether of old or voung. His early
advantao^es were limited, but he was a close observer, fond of
readino;, and keenlv interested in all modern discoveries. Even
after his marriage he attended writino;-school, and to his latest
days his legible penmanship was remarkably fine.

From his first coming to Rochester he identified himself with
the moral interests of the town, and was deeply anxious to do
all in his power to uplift the community. He was greatly inter-
ested in the schools, and did much in sustaining the old academy
during its existence.

He became a Methodist soon after coming to Rochester, and
was largely instrumental in establishing the church there in its
infancy. He, with James C. Cole and Simon Chase, took charge
of building the first Methodist Episcopal Church, erected in 1825
(p. 263). He always contributed largely, for his means, toward
its support. His house was a home for the ministers who traveled
horseback " on a circuit," before the church was able to support
a settled pastor. Many times did he and his self-sacrificing wife,
who emulated his example in devotion to the church, arise from
bed near midnight to admit some weary itinerant, and provide
for the wants of man and beast. Mr. and Mrs. Dennett were
literally pioneers in the early days of the Methodist Episcopal
Church in Rochester. Just beginning life, with limited means,
they denied themselves in manifold ways, and labored hard to aid
the church they loved so tenderly.

As we look back upon the period when Mr. and Mrs. Dennett
began life in Rochester, it is astonishing to note the difierence in
the whole mode of existence compared with that of the present day.
Stoves were wholly unknown. Open fires were used for cooking
as well as warmth, the bellows being plied to fan the dying
flames. About 1823 Mr. Dennett bought the first cooking-stove
ever used in town ; and people came quite a distance to see it, as
a curiosity, often declaring they'd " 7iever have such a black, dismal
thing in their homes." Candles and whale-oil lamps gave dimly
flickering light in public places as well as private houses. The
convenience of Lucifer matches was unknown. For some years
the tinder-box and flint were in requisition in the home of

340 ROCHESTER.

which we speak, and must have been a sore trial to the patience
in times of haste. When they commenced housekeeping it was
customary to keep liquors in the house to offer guests; ministers,
as well as others, being then unenlightened as to the evils of the
social glass. In later days, when speaking of the olden times,
Mr. and Mrs. Dennett often said they would then have felt as
mortified if without some kind of spirits for guests, as in after
years if they had had no food to set before them.

Afterwards Mr. Dennett became widely known as a most zealous
temperance advocate, time, strength, and money being freely
expended in the cause. Of course railroads and telegraphs did
not approach the town for many years after their marriage, the
lumbering stage-coach being the only public conveyance.

Not long before Mr. Dennett's death he was asked if he thought
there could be as many wonderful discoveries in the fifty years
to come as in the past half century. He was of the opinion that
there could not be as mafly that would be generally useful to all
classes, and probably he was correct. Mr. Dennett had cpiite an
amount of inventive talent. In 1822 he constructed a corn-sheller
that would shell a bushel of corn in three minutes, separating
the corn from the cobs ; but he did not attempt to secure a patent
on it. He also made a lock which was used many years upon
the vault of the bank in which he was a director, and which
repeatedly defied the efl:brts of burglars.

When about forty-one years old Mr. Dennett gave up cabinet-
making, on account of machine work coming in competition with
hand-made furniture. He then devoted himself to surveying land,
administering upon estates, drawing up wills and other legal
documents, giving so much attention to probate business that he
became quite an authority in such matters. He had great versa-
tility of talent, and generally succeeded in whatever he undertook.
He was eminently a man of action, — not simply of ideas. One
who knew him well said " he could do, thoroughly, a greater
variety of business than any three average men."

He filled various offices of trust : as selectman, town clerk,
county treasurer, representative to the State Legislature, and was
deputy sheriff" for eighteen years. He was on the first board of
directors of the Rochester Bank, organized in 1835, and was
connected with it during its existence. AVhen the Norway Plains

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 341

Savings Bank was incorporated in 1851, he was on the first board
of trustees, of which he was president for many years. His strict
conscientiousness was manifested in all his business relations,
whether in public or private life. His integrity and sound judg-
ment were so full}' recognized that he was often chosen as arbi-
trator in disputed cases among his townsmen, and he frequently
acted as o-uardian for children.

He did much good, in a quiet way, by giving advice freely to
the many who came to him for counsel; indeed, he was many
times imposed upon by persons wishing to borrow money, winning
his ready sj-mpathy by pleas of distress and misfortune, and too
often his kindness was repaid by the total loss of sums loaned in
the hope of helping others in the struggle of life. Thus " his
very failings leaned to virtue's side." Being thoroughly honest
himself, it was hard for him to believe in, and guard against, the
knavery that would deliberately obtain money with no intention of
payment. His, truly, was mens sibi conscia recti. He was a close
economist in many ways in order to be able to give liberally to
every cause that seemed worthy. The modest competence he
acquired would have been much larger had it not been for his
generosity in business transactions. If a note written at annual
interest was paid, he would frequently cast it at simple interest
for a large part of the time it had run, or give outright several
years' interest. If a mortgage was foreclosed, instead of taking
full possession of the property, he would allow the incumbent to
remain, and pay up by degrees on easy terms. As a matter of
course, riches do not come by such methods; but he left the
unselfish example of one who constantly strove to benefit others.
In these grasping days his course may be worthy of consideration,
if not of emulation.

Mr. Dennett was a prominent Free Mason and Odd Fellow;
he joined the Free Masons early in life, and always said he had
derived much benefit from the teachings of the order; he was
Master of the Lodge fifteen years, treasurer fourteen years, and
District Deputy Grand Master four years. He was a charter
member of Motolinia Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., and was permanent
secretary twentj^-one years.

Mr. Dennett was in early life a Democrat, but feeling that in
course of time the party had degenerated, and forsaken their

342 ROCHESTER.

original principles, he joined the Free Soilers when John P. Hale
made his great departure, and was ever after an earnest Republican.
When the Rebellion broke out and goverment bonds were issued,
many feared to invest lest the government should be defeated,
and they should suffer loss in consequence. Mr, Dennett, with
the spirit of a true patriot, bought the earliest bonds issued, saying
if the government went down all would be lost, and no invest-
ment would be of any value. He felt it a duty to aid, to the
small extent of his means, by purchasing bonds issued to obtain
needful funds for prosecuting the war.

It is difiicult to give any adequate idea of the sturdy manliness,
the strict sense of justice, the unswerving fidelity to right, the
swift indignation at wrong or meanness of any kind, that charac-
terized the whole life of Charles Dennett. Xot that he was that
impossible being, a perfect man ; far from it ; he had the faults
incident to a quick, impetuous nature. He was prone to use very
strong and outspoken language when roused to ire by anything
that outraged his high ideal of right.

He seemed utterly destitute of any fear of man. In his zealous
efforts for temperance he merely smiled when informed of threats
against his life and property, and probably never had a moment
of real anxiety in consequence. As sheriff, also, he was often
placed in perilous positions without fiinching. It is sometimes
said of people that " they have no back-bone." The man of whom
we write seemed to have been gifted by Dame jSTature with a
double allowance of that important portion of the human structure.
Of course such a man could not fail to have enemies; yet it is
not too much to say that he possessed the respect and confidence
of all right-minded people in the community.

He could boast of no renowned ancestry, but he was one of
nature's noblemen. His life was not brilliant with great deeds,
but he was a just and upright man of the people; the widow and
the fatherless found in him a safe guide and counselor. He was
loyal to his town, his country-, and his God.

He died March 4, 1867, being seventy-eight years and five
months old, and in full possession of all his mental faculties,
attending to business until a brief time before his death. His
memory is still precious to the few left who knew him.

His wife survived him over nine years, dying Sept. 24, 1876,

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 343

at the age of eiglity-four years and nine months. She was a
sweet, unobtrusive, unselfish woman, faithful in all her duties to
her family, and the church, of which she was an exemplary
member for over sixty years. " Their works do follow them ! "

REV. EIs'OCH PLACE.

Enoch Place, the oldest of ten cliildren of James and Abigail
Place, was born in Rochester, July 13, 1786. In early life he
was of feeble constitution, but by laboring upon the farm his
system was strengthened, so that he enjoyed good health through
his subsequent life. He had an eager desire for knowledge, but
his opportunities were limited. He attended the district school
every winter and learned what he could, but not a sentence of
grammar was taught, and the other common branches were taught
very imperfectly. His father kept him at work on the farm,
intending, however, to give him education sufficient for ordinary
business. This did not satisfy his aspirations, and he determined
that he would get more education, cost what it might, even if he
must wait till he was of age. Dr. Howe (p. 121), understanding the
case, offered to take him into his family, that he might attend
the village select school. To his great joy his parents consented,
and he made good progress. The next term he walked two miles
to attend school at Gonic. In this way he qualified himself to
teach school winters while helping his father on the farm during
the summers.

After several seasons of deep religious conviction, beginning
even in childhood, he was converted in March, 1807, while teaching
in the upper part of Barrington, now Straflbrd. From this time
he bore a living testimony for the Saviour, praying in his school,
at his boarding-house, and among citizens of the place as he had
opportunity. He took some part in every meeting, and resolved
to neglect no known duty. In May following he united with the
Free Will Baptist Church at Crown Point, and " went on his
way rejoicing."

Soon after this he became satisfied that it was his duty to
preach the gospel, and made his first attempt in the very neigh-
borhood where he was converted, taking Gen. 3 : 9 as his text.

344 ROCHESTER.

This was June 3, 1807, from which time he continued for fiftv-

7 7 ^

seven j-ears in the work Vv'hich was his great clehght. He was
ordained at a Quarterly Meeting at Crown Point, Jan. 22, 1813.
He removed to Strafford in 1814, having for many years the
charge of both the second and the third churches there. Here most
of his Sabbath labors were performed ; but his missionary labors
through all the neighboring towns were almost unremitting during
the week days. Jan. 12, 1865, he performed his last public service,
preaching at the funeral of an aged widow, from the text " Blessed
are the dead who die in the Lord." After a distressing illness
he died at Strafford Ridge, March 23, 1865, and was buried at
Crown Point.

He was married Sept. 29, 1808, to Sally, oldest daughter of
Capt. Daniel Demeritt of Barrington, and had nine children. She
died at Strafford Jan. 4, 1880.

" Father Place *' was a good man. He was kind, courteous,
and obliging. His love of social converse was seldom equaled.
His piety was warm and earnest, abounding in labors for the
conversion of sinners. He took great delight in adminiBteriug
the consolations of religion to wounded hearts everywhere. Many
remember him to bless his memorj-. His gifts and position qual-
ified him for eminent usefulness. His services were much sought
for at funerals, of which he attended not far from sixteen hundred.
He was secretary of the iS'ew Hampshire Charitable Society; for
many years clerk of the IS'ew Hampshire Yearly Meeting; also
of the Xew Durham Quarterly Meeting; one of the trustees of
the Free Will Baptist printing establishment at Dover; and mod-
erator of the first General Conference at Tunbridge, Vt., in 1827.
As a preacher he was warm and earnest. He welcomed Bible
truth, and gave it faithful utterance in his sermons. His voice
was clear and sonorous, and his presence commanding. He was
a man of progress. " Onward " was his motto. He entered into
the best element of the spirit of the times. In the dark days of
the war, though feeble with age, he was found standing erect for
God and his country.

Prof. T. C. Upham says : — " He was a man of more than
ordinary intellect, of great benevolence of heart, and a zealous,
self-sacrificing, and devoted follower of Christ. The whole region
round about, including Eochester, Barrington, Strafford, Farm-

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 345

ingtOD, Barnstead, and ]!^ew Durham, were made wiser, better,
and happier through his faithful teachings and Christian benevo-
lence. ... I thank God that he has lived; I thank God for all
the good he has done ; I thank God that he is in glory. Let us
follow on."

FAERIITGTOIT.

Stephen Farrington, born at Andover, Mass., about 1707, settled
as a farmer in Concord, E". H. He married Apphia Bradley,
whose two brothers were massacred by the Indians on the road
from Hopkinton to Concord, Aug. 11, 1746, and had eight chil-
dren : — Stephen, John, Jeremiah, Samuel, and four daughters,
whose names are not known. He died at the residence of his
son Samuel at Hopkinton in 1791.

Jeremiah Farringion, third son of Stephen, in early life removed
from Concord to Conway, where he settled as a farmer on the
Saco river. He married Molly Swan and had seven children : —
Hannah, Polly, Stephen, Elijah, James, Nanc}', and Jeremiah.
He was a member of the Congregational Church, and died at
about the age of eighty-four.

James Farrington, the third son of Jeremiah and Molly, was
born at Conway Oct. 1, 1791. He was fitted for college at Frye-
burg Academy in 1814, and on the following February began the
study of medicine under the tuition of Dr. Moses Chandler of
Fryeburg, Me. He finished his studies with Dr. Jabez Dow of
Dover, and was examined in the science of medicine and surgery
by Drs. Crosby and Pray, the censors of the New Hampshire
Medical Society, July 18, 1818. On the 9th of August following,
he began practice in Rochester. He became a member of the
JSTew Hampshire Medical Society, in which he held the oflices of
censor and counselor. He was also president of the Straflbrd
District Medical Society. He had many students in medicine,
among whom were Drs. Joseph H. Smith, and Timothy and Alfred
Upham. He was for some years on the examining board at
Dartmouth Medical College, In 1845 he was appointed by the
Governor one of the trustees of the New Hampshire Asylum for
the Insane. His practice was extensive, and he ranked high as
a physician and surgeon of superior skill and judgment, being

346 ROCHESTER.

often called long distances for consultation. His professional
record included many surgical operations regarded at that time
as specially difficult.

Dr. Farrington was a man of great social and political influence,
a strong man, and a zealous supporter of the Democratic party.
He was representative and afterwards senator in the New Hamp-
shire Legislature, and in 1837 was elected to represent his district
in the Twenty-iifth Congress of the United States. He joined with
his brother-in-law, John McDuflee, in organizing the Rochester
Bank, in which he held the office of president till his death. He was
very methodical in his habits, a marked gentleman, kind-hearted
and generous, ready to render assistance Avhenever needed.

Dr. Farrington was married March 8, 1827, to Mary D., daughter
of Joseph Hanson of Rochester, who died in April, 1853, leaving
three sons and one daughter. After a practice of more than fifty
years he died in Rochester Oct. 9, 1859.

Elijah Farrington, second son of Jeremiah, was born at Conway
in 1784, and married March 5, 1814, Lois L. Farrington, who
was born Dec. 25, 1793. He was an industrious, thrifty farmer,
respected by all. He died June 3, 1863. His widow resided with
her youngest son in Rochester, where she died May 29, 1888, in
the full possession of her faculties, at the age of ninety-four years
and five months. She was for over sixty years a worthy member
of the Congregational Church, in the welfare of which she always
took a deep interest. They had three children: — Albert E., who
has resided in Minneapolis, Minn., since 1855; Mary JI., deceased,
the wife of Capt. Samuel Hazelton of Conway; and James.

James Farrington, youngest child of Elijah and Lois L. Far-
rington, was born in Conway June 10, 1822. Reared on the
farm, he early learned those cardinal principles of success, industry
and economy. Attending the common school till the age of
sixteen, he fitted for college at Fryeburg Academ3^ While getting
his education he was obliged to teach winters to obtain funds to
pursue his studies. He was a good, faithful boy on the farm, a
diligent student at school, and a successful teacher. Li 1841 he
began the study of medicine with Dr. Ira Towle of Fryeburg,
Me., and remained with him nearly five years, attending one
course of lectures at Dartmouth Medical CoUeo-e in 1844. He
graduated from the Medical Department of the University of Xew

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-y^ ^:ky7^'!' ^^^^S^^

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 34:7

York City, and also from Dr. Wliittaker's Medical School, in the
spring of 1847. In May following he began practice in Rochester,
being associated with his uncle of the same name. Upon the
death of his uncle in 1859, he succeeded to the entire practice,
which extends into all the adjoining towns. His advice is often
sought in consultation. He is a member of the Kew Hampshire
Medical Society, and was for some years president of the Straf-
ford District Medical Society, and has contributed valuable essays
on subjects of interest to the profession. His influence has always
been in favor of the cause of temperance. A Democrat in politics,
he has held some of the more important town offices, and repre-
sented the town in the Legislature of 1863. For many years he
has been a director in the First National Bank, and the Norway
Plains Savings Bank of Rochester. He was the first High Priest
of Temple Chapter of R. A. Masons, holding the office for many
years. He is also a member of St. Paul Commandery of K. T.
of Dover.

Dr. Farrington married Feb. 27, 1851, Harriette L., daughter
of Simon Chase of Rochester. She died April 7, 1887, leaving
two daughters : — Ellen Florence, born Nov. 18, 1854, married
Dec. 25, 1879, George, son of John McDuffee; and Josephine Chase,
born Sept. 13, 1859, married Dec. 25, 1879, Arthur Y. Sanborn,
a furniture dealer in Rochester. They have one son, James Far-
rington Sanborn, born Sept. 1, 1880.

JONATHAN PETER GUSHING.

On the twelfth day of March, 1793, was born in Rochester,
Jonathan P. Cushing, the son of Peter and Hannah (Hanson)
Gushing. His father owned a saw and grist mill where the mills
of the Norway Plains Company now stand. His mother died
before he was seven years old, and four years later his father
died also, leaving him without friends to support or to ofier kindly
encouragement. His guardian proved both morallj- and pecuni-
arily unfaithful. He took Jonathan to New Durham, and made
him a mere drudge on the farm and in the mill, without even
the ordinary privilege of attending school in winter. After a year,
Jonathan very properly refused to remain, and began to look out
for himself. After visiting various mechanical shops to see what

348 ROCHESTER.

lie could do, he finally decided to come back to Eochester, and
at tlie age of thirteen bound himself as an apprentice to his uncle,
Mr. Odiorne, who lived where Dodge's Hotel now stands, and
had a saddler's shop close by. His prospects were the same as
those of other apprentices, simply to serve out his time till he
could go into business for himself; but he had far higher pur-
poses in view. The mere drudgery of money-making could not
satisfy his aspirations. One da}' he suddenly rose up from his
bench and exclaimed to a companion, " I am determined to have
a college education, if it takes forty years of my life to get it."
Boys with such determination are sure sooner or later to attain
their purpose. This, resolution never forsook him, and he seized
every means in his reach to carry it out. Boys of this generation
know little of the difficulties he encountered. He had no friendly
assistance, and it was his almost constant meditation how to
accomplish his design. Apprentices were entitled by law to six
months in the public schools. Availing himself faithfully of this
privilege, he was stimulated to greater endeavors. Bound by his
apprenticeship he took no dishonorable means to get free, but
by working extra hours he at length purchased his time. He
then went to Phillips Academy at Exeter, where he paid his way
by working at his trade out of school hours every day during
his course. After a year and a half his health became somewhat
impaired, and he returned to Rochester for rest, taking charge of
the village school for about eighteen months. "With health renewed
he went back to Exeter, pursuing his trade and his studies together
till he was fitted for colles^e. About this time he was taken sick
with symptoms threatening consumption. A course of treatment
was prescribed which he was told would relieve him provided the
disease was not already seated upon his lungs, but otherwise
would hasten his end. He did not hesitate to take it, savins^ "I
am determined to have a liberal education or die in the attempt."
He entered the junior class in Dartmouth College and graduated
in 1817. After graduation he intended to fit himself for the legal
profession, and went South, as the climate was more favorable to
his health. While at Richmond, Ya., he learned that a young
man from N'ew Hampshire was there confined with sickness. He
at once sought him out, and they became warm friends. This
stranger had been appointed tutor in Hampden Sidney College.

LEADING MEX SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 349

After much persuasion he prevailed on Mr. Gushing to take his
place till he should regain his health. Instead of recovering, he
soon after died, and Mr. Gushing was permanently established in
the institution. This was in the ;N"ovember after his graduation,
and two years later he was chosen professor of chemistry and
natural philosophy. In 1821, at the age of twenty-seven, he
became president of the college, which oilice he held for fifteen
years. The college had very much run down, with few students,
and with no graduations for several years. Under his manage-
ment it immediately began to improve, and became one of the
leading institutions of the South. President Gushing by his per-
sonal eftbrts raised 845,000 to establish professorships and purchase
needed apparatus, and the number of students increased to one
hundred. He became a man of note in the State, and exerted a
great influence in behalf of public schools in Virginia. He first
suggested the formation of the " Historical and Philosophical So-
ciety of Virginia," and delivered the first annual address before
that body. " He obtained high repute in literature and science."
Much space would be required to give a complete record of the
benevolent, Ghristian, and philanthropic enterprises in which he
was conspicuous. In 1827 he married Lucy Jane, daughter ot
Carter Page of Gumberland County, Virginia. He died at Raleigh,
iN". C., April 25, 1835, while on his way to the "West Indies in
hope of recruiting his broken health. His life affords a striking
illustration of what can be accomplished by genuine Yankee
"pluck" in spite of adverse circumstances.

BARKER.

Benjamin and Deborah Barker resided in Stratham, and had
five children: — Benjamin, born Aug. 29, 1756, died Jan. 5, 1786;
Debby, born July 5, 1760; Phebe, born July 2, 1762, died Oct.
15, 1797; David, born Feb. 2, 1765; WUliam, born Sept. 9, 1767.

The two vouno^er sons settled in Rochester about 1798, and
built the " Barker Tavern," which was burned, near where tiie
Methodist Church now stands (p. 131). Dackl Barker kept the
tavern for many years. He was a prominent man, and was high
sherifi' of the county. He married June 30, 1793, Ann Pros

350 ROCHESTER.

Simpson, who was born March 24, 1771. Their chikh'en were
the following : —

1. Louise A. Barker, horn Stratham, Aug. 17, 1794; married
John Chapman, who was a trader in Rochester, and afterwards
in Boston, and had five children: — Maria, Thomas, Henry, "Wil-
liam, and Anna. Mrs. Chapman died July 28, 1837.

2. David Barker, Jr., born Stratham, Jan. 8, 1797. His natural
taste for learning was manifest at an early age. After three years'
preparation at Exeter, he entered Harv^ard College at the age of
fourteen, where he graduated in 1815 with the high esteem of
his instructors and classmates, among whom were John G. Palfrey
and Jared Sparks. After leaving college he studied law in the
office of the elder John P. Hale, Esq., of Rochester, where he
began practice in 1819.

Mr. Barker was for several years a prominent member of the
Legislature of New Hampshire, and in 1827 was elected repre-
sentative to Congress. He was extensively acquainted with the
science of politics in general, and particularly acquainted with the
political history of his own country. He was a politician of inde-
pendent principles and enlarged views, a ripe and finished scholar,
a sound, correct, and able lawyer. Few men possessed more of
the benevolent and amiable virtues. His promptness in all the
duties of life, his uncompromising integrity, his unostentatious
deportment, and his urbanity of manners won the respect and
esteem of all who knew him. He was a Christian man, of deep
and thorough conscientiousness. In all the relations of life he was
a man his friends could least bear to part with. He was an
original member of the New Hampshire Historical Society, and
the present sketch is largely taken from a notice in their fourth
volume of New Hampshire Collections, written by his pastor,
Rev. Isaac Willey.

Mr. Barker married Oct. 2, 1823, Mary, eldest daughter of Hon.
Nathaniel Upham, and died April 1, 1834, leaving two children : —
David, who died at the age of thirteen, and 3Iary.

3. Benjamin Barker, born Rochester Oct. 16, 1799. He lived
for a time at Great Falls in the employ of the manufacturing
company, hut soon returned to Rochester. In 1838 he went as
far West as St._Louis, thinking to find a place to locate, but was
disappointed in the country, and was glad to get back. He and

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 351

his brother soon after be^aii the manufacture of blankets, but
were not very successfuh He then " kept store " for some years,
and was afterwards in the lumber business with his brother. He
owned a sawmill and gristmill for many years, and at one time
manufactured lasts in the upper part of the mill. In 1834 he
was chosen deacon in the Congregational Church, and few men
ever filled that office more worthily; for the most prominent
thing in Deacon Barker's life was his religion. He was a praying
man, constant at the social meetings of the church, and in his
closet, or " prayer retreat," still reverently remembered by his
surviving daughter. He was also a working man, holding Sunday
Schools for years in Milton and other out-districts. The good
results of his labor cannot be estimated. A man who met him
in Boston said " Mr. Barker, I owe all my success in life to you,
— to that Sunday School at Milton."

Deacon Barker married first, Aug. 13, 1827, Eliza W. March,
who died Jan. 14, 1836 ; second, Jan. 14, 1839, Charity Tebbets,
who died Sept. 1, 1874. He died Dec. 18, 1873. He had three
children : — George TT., Caroline M., and Eliza 31. , only the second
of whom is now living.

4. Thomas Simpson Barker, born Rochester July 24, 1802 ; went
South and died there March 31, 1826.

5. William Barker, born Rochester Dec. 23, 1804; went South
to settle his brother's estate, and died there Sept. 23, 1827.

6. George Barker, born Rochester Oct. 19, 1807. He was in
business, as mentioned in previous sketches, with his brother
and brother-in-law, in trade and manufacture. He resided seven
years in Dover, and later in life removed to South Berwick,
Me., where he died Oct. 18, 1880. He married, June 25, 1831,
Emily J. March, who died at South Berwick, Me., Aug. 6,
1871. She was a lovely Christian w^oman, and much lamented.
They had six children : — Charles A., Anna S., residing in South
Berwick, Me., George F., residing in Chicago, 111., Jonas 31.,
John 31., and Emily 31., of whom only two survived childhood.

7. 3Iaria Barker, born Rochester Dec. 14, 1810 ; died Oct. 1,
1819.

352 ROCHESTER.

HON. NOAH TEBBETS.

Noah Tebbets, the joungest son of James and Mary (Nutter)
Tebbets, was born Dec. 26, 1802, at Rochester, where his ancestors
had hved for more than one hundred years. His father, James
Tebbets, was a blacksmith, and had his "shop" for many years
on Main street where the old " Union Store " building now is,
and was a man noted for his industry and integrity. He died at
Rochefeter in November, 1854, aged eighty-two years.

Noah Tebbets as a boy was fond of books, quick to learn, and
determined to be educated. He was prepared for college at
the academies at Wakefield, N. H., and Saco, Me., and entered
Dartmouth University, but when the Supreme Court of the United
States demolished the University, he, with others, entered Bowdoin
College, where he graduated in 1822. In college his scholarship
was extensive and thorough. He was the third scholar in his
class at graduation. At commencement the salutatory was assigned
him, and later a Latin " Master's oration."

After his graduation Mr. Tebbets studied law in his native
village with Jeremiah H. Woodman, Esq., for three years, and in
1825 was admitted to the bar of York County, Me., and com-
menced practice at North Parsonsfield, Me. In 1827 he moved
to " Middle Village," Parsonsfield, Me., and entered into part-
nership with the Hon. Rufus Mclntyre, then a member of Con-
gress. His practice extended through York County, Me., and
" Old Straiford " in New Hampshire.

June 3, 1828, he married Mary Esther, the eldest daughter of
J. H. Woodman, Esq., of Rochester. He remained at Parsons-
field seven years, where he was superintending school committee
nearly all the time, and by his labors and care brought the schools
of Parsonsfield to a very high degree of excellence.

In 1834 Mr. Tebbets removed to his old home, Rochester, where
he continued the practice of his profession until his death. As
a lawver he never favored litio-ation, nor allowed his clients to
become involved in the law, if he could keep them out of it. He
believed that his highest duty as a lawyer was to be a peacemaker.
As a citizen he was public spirited and constantly striving to
advance all social and educational enterprises. He was promi-
nently active in re-establishing the social library in this village.

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 353

and was the first librarian nnder the new charter (p. 183). He
was ever the friend of progress, and believed that ancient ideas
should give way to a more liberal policy, and did much for the
improvement of schoolhouses, teachers, and scholars. He was an
active temperance man in those early days when it cost something
to denounce the sale of liquors, and by his addresses throughout
the State sought to interest the people in the temperance cause.
His S3'mpathy with his fellowmen was unbounded, and was shown
not alone in words but in action as well.

In politics Mr. Tebbets was a Democrat and received the full
confidence and support of his party, while he did not hesitate to
oppose the party leaders when their actions seemed to him unwise
or unfair. He had no taste for political preferment, and though
often urged to be a candidate for office, he refused to leave the
quiet and peace of private life. He loved his home and his family,
and would not have surrendered them for all the shadows of
fame that might flit across his path. In 1842, when the laws
of the State were to be revised, and a great struggle was
made in the temperance interest, he consented to be a candidate
for the Legislature, and was elected by a large majority. In the
Legislature he was a member of the judiciary and banldng com-
mittees. In January, 1843, Mr. Tebbets was appointed by Gov-
ernor Hubbard a circuit justice of the Court of Common Pleas.
He accepted the position with feelings of great distrust of his own
abilitv, but how well he dischars-ed the duties of the office can

f ' CD

be told by the following tribute to his memory from his life-long
friend, the late Hon. John P. Hale, who, in speaking of Judge
Tebbets's appointment and character as a jurist, said: — " Perhaps
injustice is done to no one else when it is said that no appoint-
ment is recollected to have been made by the Executive of this
State, within the memory of the speaker, which was received with
more satisfaction by the whole community than was that of Judge
Tebbets. His character, disposition, and habits of thought emi-
nently qualified him for success in the oifice to which he was
promoted. His great integrity, his even temper, his suavity of
manner, his clear perception, his modest distrust of his own powers,
which induced him to listen patiently and respectfully to the
arguments and suggestions of others, and the clearness and dis-
tinctness with which he announced the results to which his reflec-

354 ' ROCHESTER.

tions had led him, were such estimable and rare qualities for a
judge, that his friends and the public had already formed and
were cherishing the most favorable anticipations of his reputation
and usefulness in his judicial career. He never sank the gentle-
man in the judge, but always treated every one who had occasion
to transact business with him on the bench, with such urbanity
and kindness, that it is believed he never, even by accident,
wounded the feelings of the humblest individual who approached
him."

A friend who knew him from childhood says that " the trait of
character which most eminently distinguished him was, after all,
his integrity. It seemed impressed on his whole mien, and to be
beaming forth in all his actions. Even a stranger when intro-
duced into his presence seemed at once to feel the assurance that
he was dealing with an honest man, and that no concealment or
disguise was necessary."

"While holding a term of court at Gilford, in August, 1844, he
was suddenly attacked with typhoid fever, which compelled him
to adjourn the court and return home on the 30th of August.
He died Sept. 9, 1844, at the age of forty-one years and eight
months, and his body lies buried in the " Old Graveyard " in
Rochester.

Judge Tebbets had six children, one of whom, [James, [died in
infancy.

His eldest son, Theodore Tebbets, was born in Parsonsiield,
Me., April 1, 1831. A studious and scholarly boy, he found
himself at his father's death mainly dependent upon his own exer-
tions to secure an education. He fitted for college at Phillips
Academy at Exeter, and graduated at Harvard with high honors,
in the class of 1851. He was professor in the classical depart-
ment at Phillips Academy one year, and graduated from the
Divinity School at Cambridge, Mass., July 17, 1855. On the 19th
of September following he was ordained pastor of the First Uni-
tarian Society at Lowell, Mass. After preaching two Sundays he
was prostrated by a severe illness which compelled his resignation.
He so far recovered that he was installed pastor of the First Uni-
tarian Parish at Medford, Mass., April 15, 1857. He was forced
a second time to resign on account of failing health, and died in
New York City, Jan. 29, 1863. He married, in 1857, Ellen,

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 355

claugliter of John Sever, of Kingston, Mass., whom he left a widow
with one son, John S. Tebbets, now residing in Kansas City, Mo.

The onl}' danghter of Judge Tebbets, Sarah C, is now living
in Rochester. She married Hon. George C. Peavey of StraiFord,
who died in 1876.

Mall W. Tebbets, his third son, died at Lynn., Mass., in 1880,
leaving a widow and four children.

Charles B. Tebbets, the fourth son, is one of the wealthiest and
most extensive shoe manufacturers in Lynn, Mass.

The youngest son, Noah Tebbets, bears the name of his honored
father, on the day of whose burial he was born. He is now a
lawyer residing in Brooklyn, N. Y. Two of these sons, Hall W.
and Noah, were in the Union army in the war of the Rebellion,
and JSToah Tebbets was one of the " Guard of Honor " over the
remains of the late General TJ. S. Grant from Mt. McGregor to
Riverside Park (p. 231).

Judge Tebbets's widow died at Rochester aged seventy-one years,
beloved and blessed by all who knew her. She was indeed a
fitting companion for such a man as Judge Tebbets, and her
memory will ever be precious to the many who came in contact
with her.

In conclusion it can be truthfully said that the fine qualities of
Judge Tebbets's character were harmonized and crowned by a
religious consecration. He reverently attributed all that was good
and true in his character, to God working in him to do and to
will, while he humbly confessed how far he fell below the stand-
ard of Christian manliness presented in the Gospel and life of
Jesus. In public and in private, at fitting times, he avowed his
dependence on God for all his happiness in this life, and for all
his hopes of immortality, and he trusted in the love of our Savior,
always seeking to cherish a sense of his accountability to the
Giver of every good and perfect gift.

WHITEHOUSE.

BY HON. CHARLES S. WHITEHOUSE.

The village of Gonic (an abbreviation of the Indian name Squam-
anagonick) is pleasantly situated in the southerly part of Roch-
ester, on the banks of the Cocheco river. Sixty years ago it had

356 ROCHESTEK.

only a dozen or so houses of the old-fashioned New England type
and value. It had two small stores, where the farmers of that
neighborhood exchanged their limited produce for an equally
limited amount of calico, pins, needles, molasses, salt fish, and
Kew England rum. It had no village church, no commodious
schoolhouse, no flourishing factory, no neat dwelling-houses. It
had a sawmill, which was run in the spring and the fall of the
year to get out the small quantity of lumber required by the
farmers. It had a gristmill, which was run the year round, "by
fits and starts," as the harvest of corn, wheat, and rye required.
It had a brickyard where some one, usually the village store-
keeper, nearly every, summer made a small kiln of seventy-five
or a hundred thousand bricks, to be peddled out the following
fall and winter. Its few inhabitants had but a limited amount of
this world's goods, and not very exalted aspirations for the treas-
ures of the world to come. The neighboring farmers were fore-
handed, well to do, had good farms, were fairly industrious, went
to church once in a while, were politically zealous at town meetings,
patriotic at fall musters, and generally bibulous and hilarious at
both, paid their taxes (with some grumbling), and were sublimely
inditterent to doing things in any way different from the way
their fiathers did before them.

In this year of our Lord 1888, Gonic presents a very different
appearance from sixty years ago. Its pretty, modern-built church,
with an average congregation of nearly two hundred, its Sabbath
School of seventy-five or more children, its convenient school-
house with ninety to a hundred scholars, its prosperous factory
paying over $4,000 monthly for labor to its one hundred and fifty
industrious and contented operatives, its seven brickyards making
from sixteen to twenty million bricks yearly, and consuming
eight to ten thousand cords of wood in burning them, its stores,
post-office, and at one time a bank, its public hall, engine company,
machine shop, blacksmithy, railroads and depots, neat dwelling-
houses, social and moral societies, make it what it is, a pleasant
and thriving New England village. And this change, this growth
in moral, intellectual, and material prosperity from sixty years
ago, is largely if not wholly the result of one man's enterprise
and energy, and that man was Nicholas Yarney Whitehouse.

The Whitehouse family is supposed to be of Welsh extraction,

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 357

and tradition has it that three brothers (the common legend of
American ancestry) emigrated to this country in its early settle-
ment, and made homes in different parts of New England, and
that from these descended all who bear the name of Whitehouse.
This tradition is vague, as most traditions are.

The parents of the subject of this paper were Israel and Olive
(Varney) Whitehouse. The father, Israel Whitehouse, was born
near Gonic in 1778, and died March 1, 1841. He was brought
up a shoemaker and cobbler, in the fall, winter, and spring going
from house to house, with his kit of tools rolled up in a leather
apron, repairing the old and making new boots and shoes for
the neighboring families. He was a well-meaning man with but
limited education, simple in his habits, somewhat choleric in tem-
per, as his sons often found out, contented to drift along in the
world if he had enough to eat and drink, and indifferent in some
ways about his family. The mother, Olive (Varney) Whitehouse,
was ambitious, and as far as the limited means at her command
would permit, strove diligently to better her own and her chil-
dren's welfare, and it was from her that two of the bovs derived
many of the qualities which afterwards made them prosperous
business men and respected citizens. Their children were three
sons, Nicholas^ Enoch, and Silas. The youngest [Silas) learned the
trade of shoemaker, as did his brothers, and worked at it most of
the time in the winter. In the summer he was a brickmaker.
He was a pleasant, amiable man, kind and obliging, but with little
force and energy. He was never married, and died of consump-
tion April 1, 1854, aged 43 years. Enoch, who was born Sep-
tember 1, 1807, left the family roof when sixteen or seventeen
years of age, to learn the hatters' trade with his uncle, Isaac
Varney, an honored, influential, and wealthy Quaker of IS'orth
Berwick, Me. After completing his apprenticeship, he worked as
a journeyman in Haverhill, and in Chelmsford, now Lowell, Mass.,
for a few years, when his health becoming impaired, he returned
to Gonic. He was in company with his brother Nicholas a few
3^ears as a country storekeeper. Afterwards he had a store in
Dover, N. H., for a short time, and finally moved to Rochester,
where he ever after lived. He was a very industrious and prudent
man, keen at a trade, and saving of his gains. The stinted ad-
vantages of his boyhood life and early manhood made him so,

358 ROCHESTER.

and the prosperit}^ of later life failed to eradicate or modify these
qualities. He did not possess the restless enterprise and energy
of his elder brother, Nicholas, nor that buoyant, enthusiastic spirit
which characterized the latter, but his careful business habits,
joined with a naturally cautious judgment and frugal tastes, brought
him a handsome competence. He married Mary Ann McDuffee
of Rochester, daughter of John McDuffee, in 1837, and died
March 8, 1879, aged seventy-two years, leaving a widow, but no
children.

Nicholas, or as he was generally known by his simple initials, N. V.
"Whitehouse, was born in Gonic, Oct. 22, 1802, in a house that stood
on the spot now occupied by the dwelling of William H. Felker.
His early boyhood was one of deprivation and neglect, with but
little effort on the part of his father to give him the benefit that
the district school of six weeks in summer, and the same number
in winter, might have afforded. It was work, work, from his
earliest remembrance. When twelve years old he was put to
work, like most boys of poor parents, either helping his father
or the neighbors in such work as a boy of that age could do.
After this time of life the six weeks' summer schooling was dis-
pensed with, and what education he obtained was from the winter
term. When fifteen years old he had learned something of the
shoemakers' trade and often accompanied his father in his shoe-
making trips among the neighboring farmers. When but seven-
teen years old he walked to Boston, the journey occupying two
days, and found work with one " Master Griggs," in Brookline,
Mass. Here he remained two years, working on a farm for |10
per month, and his board. At this early age he showed a marked
ability for general business matters. This, united with a genial
manner and unquestioning honesty, gained the confidence of
" Master Griggs " so fully that, in a month or two after hiring
with him, he was intrusted with the driving of the market wagon
into Boston every other morning and selling the products of the
farm. At the end of two years he returned to Gonic. The fol-
lowing spring he worked in Salmon Falls, in the wheel pits and
foundation trenches of the factory which was being built there
that season. He remained at such rough work but a few
weeks, as it was gradually breaking down a constitution which,
at this period of his life, was rather delicate. Again he returned

K^^^'€^

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 359

to Gonic, and this time became clerk for John Plummer, in the
village store, a cheap wooden building which then stood on what
is now the village square. Here he exhibited the same aptitude
for business, the same energy and enthusiasm, that characterized
him all through life. When not quite twenty-three years old he
built the brick store, still standing, though recently greatly im-
proved and modernized by his son, stocked it with the goods
required at that time in a country store, and began trading for
himself.

The following year he fitted up the story over the store as a
dwelling, furnished it in a simple manner, and on the 31st day
of July, 1825, did what he used to say was " the best day's work
of his life," by marrying Susan, the daughter of Stephen and
Elisabeth (Chesley) Place.

For the following three or four years he was busily engaged
in trading, when, having trusted out much of his stock and " hard
times '' coming on, he failed. His creditors took what remained
of his stock and, in the language of those days, " shut him up."
Nothing daunted or discouraged, he began to look about to get
started again, and about this time went to New York to try for
something, but getting homesick after three weeks' absence from
his young wife and family, he returned. His well-known integrity,
energy, and ability soon brought to his assistance friends who
helped him start again, and in 1830 he was once more embarked
in trade. In the fall of 1833 he closed up his store in Gonic,
moved to Dover, and opened a store on " the Landing," as it was
called, in the Sawyer brick block. The surroundings being dis-
tasteful to him, or the business not proving all he anticipated, he
moved back to Gonic the following spring.

For the next five or six years he made business lively in the
little village. He bought the old sawmill and privilege, enlarged
and improved that and the gristmill attached, built an addition
for making linseed oil, another addition for making plow handles
and plow beams, enlarged the gristmill and improved the pro-
cesses for making flour and meal, bought and operated wood lots,
manufactured lumber, and dealt largely in wood with parties in
Dover, made bricks, ground plaster, and established wool carding
and cloth dressing. This latter business gave him reputation
beyond the limits of his native town. The mill was esteemed the

360 ROCHESTER.

best equipped for those times, doing the best work of any in the
county, and brought custom from every town in the county, and
many beyond. It was the l^eginning of what was to be the
leading occupation of his life, and the present Gonic Mills.

About 1838 certain parties by the name of Hibbard and Carr
leased the wool-carding rooms, and persuaded him to enlarge
them and put in additional machinery for the manufacture of
guernsey cloth, and also to become responsible for some of their
wool purchases. Things went along smoothly for a while, when
one night Hibbard and Carr ran away, leaving him a small lot
of stock, supplies, and unfinished goods, some debts, and but a
slight knowledge of the details of manufacturing. Not a whit
discouraged by the unpromising outlook, he quickly took in the
situation of atfairs, and soon after associated himself with John
Lees and Edmund E. Thompson, two practiced manufacturers,
and continued the business for a few years, but soon became
embarrassed again. The business was ])adl3' managed, a vexatious
lawsuit growing out of the loan of the surplus revenue from the
town followed, and he was again harassed. His property was
attached, and complete failure again stared him in the face. Many
of the older citizens of the town can yet recall the intense feeling
raised by this quarrel over the " surplus revenue," which was
intensified b}- Mr. Whitehouse's pronounced partisanship as a
Whig. The town meetings, quarrels, lawsuits, discussions, and
wrangles were interminable. The town sold his propcrtj^ at auction,
his credit was gone, and his honesty and integrity impeached.
In spite of all this, good was to come out of it. His energy and
activity disarmed his enemies, his patience and fortitude shamed
the lukewarm and indifi:erent, and a small circle of stanch friends
stood by him through thick and thin. It showed his townsmen
the kind of man they had to deal with, and that however adverse
circumstances might combine to prostrate him for the time, he
couldn't be kept down. No sooner was the pressure slacked
than he was on his feet again. He never lost his pluck and
energ\'. When matters looked the worst, his life-long friend,
John McDufiee of Rochester, bought up the whole property, leased
it to Mr. Whitehouse, and relieved him from his perplexities and
embarrassments. This was about 1843, and for the next five years
he had prosperous sailing. He enlarged and improved the mill

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 361

property, changing much of the old machinery and adding new,
converted the mill into a woolen flannel mill, discarded some of his
minor operations, and settled down to be a flannel manufacturer.
Parker, Wilder & Co. of Boston were associated with Mr. White-
house, and the business connection formed then continued for
thirty-five years, almost to the time of Mr, Whitehouse's death.
This business association with Parker, Wilder & Co. has been of
incalculable benefit to the town of Rochester. From it have
grown the present extensive establishments at Gonic and East
Rochester, and, consequently, two thriving villages. But Mr.
Whitehouse's success was doomed to a fresh misfortune. It
seemed as though the " fickle jade. Fortune," was determined to
test his powers of endurance and fortitude, for on the night of
the 20th of June, 1848, the whole property was consumed by
fire — not a stick left standing, and only a small amount of un-
finished goods and stock being saved. This was a severe blow,
and for a few days this earnest, intrepid man seemed crushed.
But his mental depression was brief. In less than a month he
had made a settlement with the insurance companies, cleared
away the wreck, and was cheerily preparing plans for rebuilding.
The following year (1849) found a new mill built and four sets
of machinery in successful operation. He continued till August,
1859, when, with Parker, Wilder & Co., he organized the present
Gonic Manufacturing Company, and became its president, agent,
and manager, and continued so until his final retirement from
the company in '1877.

In 1861, on the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, he
made extensive improvements about the Gonic privilege, and
during the seasons of 1863-64-65, laid the foundations and built
the present large four-storied brick mill, connecting it with the
mill built in 1849. The close of the war brought about a severe
depression in business, and the new mill remained idle for several
years. He finally closed out all interest in the corporation to
Parker, Wilder & Co. of Boston in 1877, as before stated.

In 1863, in connection with Mr. John Hall, Mr. Samuel B.
Rindgc of Boston, and four others, he obtained the charter for
the Cocheco Woolen Manufacturing Company at East Rochester,
and helped organize that corporation. He was elected its first
president and remained such till his death. He took great interest

362 ROCHESTER.

in the development of that fine property, and always evinced
great pride in the thriving village that was growing up, and the
signs of material, social, and moral prosperity that had sprung
into life from the w^ise forethought and management of his friends,
Hall and Rindge, with himself. To these three men is due very
largely the credit of making East Eochester a model New Eng-
land village.

In 1856 the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank was chartered, largely
through his efforts, and located in Rochester village. After a few
years dissensions arose in the board of directors, and in 1860, he
and his friends having purchased a majority of the stock, a new
board of officers was elected and the bank removed to Gonic
village, he becoming its president and continuing so till his death.
His son, E. F. Whitehouse, was made cashier. When the gov-
ernment established the national banking system this bank was
merged into the Gonic ISTational Bank, continuing under his
management to the day of his death, and shortly after was wound
up. The Gonic Five-Cent Savings Bank w^as established by him.
He was one of the original directors in the Nashua & Rochester
Railroad, a position he held at the time of his death.

In early life he took much interest in militar}^ affairs, and was
made quartermaster sergeant of the 39th Regiment in 1826. In
1829 he was commissioned captain and adjutant in the same regi-
ment by Gov. Benjamin Pierce, and all through life was an earnest
advocate of a citizen soldiery. He was never happier than when
attending gatherings where martial music was a feature. It seemed
to be the very thing his enthusiastic and energetic spirit craved.

In politics Mr. Whitehouse exercised a leading influence, not
only in his own town, but throughout the county and State. In
his early manhood he was an Adams man, as the party was known
in New Hampshire at that time, and afterwards a Henry Clay
Whig, and always a stanch advocate of the American system of
protection to home industries as promulgated by the great Ken-
tuck}- statesman. In 1837 he, with John McDuffee, John Chapman,
and a few other leading men of the town, was instrumental in
wresting the political control of the town from the Democratic
party, who had held it for ten years or more previously, and
was elected moderator, and representative to the Legislature, that
year and the next. When the Know-Nothing party sprung into

LEADI^'G MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 363

existence, in 1855, be, with other far-seeing men, saw the oppor-
tunity to wrest the control of the State from the Democrats, and,
entering heartily into that campaign, was a prominent candidate
before the convention for member of Congress. He did not receive
that nomination, but was nominated and elected a member of the
Governor's Council. The following year he was defeated, but re-
elected the next year, serving under Governors Ralph Metcalf
and William Haile. His keen perceptions of the peculiar situation
of political affairs at this time, united with excellent judgment of
men, made him an important factor in preparing the way for the
Republican party, and from this time to the day of his death he
was a Republican of the most pronounced type. In 1876 he was
elected a member to revise the constitution of the State, the other
members from Rochester being Ebenezer G. Wallace, James H.
Edgerly, Franklin McDuff'ee, and Charles E. Jenkins. On more
than one occasion he was favorably talked of for Governor of the
State. When the war of the Rebellion broke out he took an
active part in everything relating to raising the quota of the town,
and in all things pertaining to the comfort and welfare of the
soldiers and their families, and gave $100 to the first twenty men
who enlisted from Rochester. Though never connected with any
church, he was always a liberal friend to all. In early life he
was a constant attendant at the Congregational Church, but in
1840 he was instrumental in building the Free Baptist Church in
Gonic, and ever after identified himself with that societv, ffiving
largely to its support, and for remodeling and rebuilding the
same at different times. The hospitable doors of his own house
were always ajar, and ministers and laymen always found a warm
welcome. Many a worthy minister has enjoyed his hospitality,
and, departing, been cheered with more substantial assistance.
In the family he was generous, self-sacrificing, considerate, and full
of the tenderest affection ; in society, a genial, bright, and generous
spirit. This disposition led him to seek public gatherings, and
he was frequently to be seen at fairs, camp-meetings, church
festivals, and other social entertainments. He was frequently
called to preside at public meetings, and always acquitted himself
with tact and ability. Few men have been born in Rochester
who have excelled him in deeds of unostentatious charity, or who
have more impressed themselves upon the community in every way

364 ROCHESTER.

to promote the business interests of the town, or the good of
society. Many a young man starting in life has been indebted
to him for advice, encouragement, and money, which eventually
led them to success as business men ; and more than one young
man owes his education to the pecuniary aid he furnished gra-
tuitously. The pleasant village of Gonic has been almost wholly
built up by the manufacturing business he created and conducted
for so many years. Everything that was calculated to promote
its prosperity received his enthusiastic support. His energy and
courage, his public spirit and generous kindness, are worthy the
emulation of every young man. He died Nov. 21, 1878, leaving a
widow, who died May, 1888. Their children were as follows :

1. Elizabeth Ann married Henry W. Locke, of Gonic, and died
1855, leaving a daughter Fanny, wife of George Johnson, of Boston.

2. * Charles Sidney Whitehouse, writer of the above sketch,
was born at Gonic September 3, 1827. Attended the district school
until 1840, when he went two terms to the academy at Center Straf-
ford. In the summers of 1841 and '42, he was at the academy in
Durham, and in the winters attended the academy in Rochester.
In 1843 he entered Phillips Exeter Academy, where he remained
two years, and then became clerk with E. & W. Andrews, of Dover.
In the latter part of 1846 he went to Lowell as clerk for Benjamin
T. Hardy. In January, 1848, he entered the mill of his father to
learn the business. Being of an active temperament, he took ear-
nest hold of all matters connected with the village, and as soon as
he was twenty-one years old, engaged in the political affairs of the
town and county. In 1854 and '55, he was energetic in the political
revolution, which, resulting in the birth of the Republican party,
upset the Democratic party in both town and State. When the
presidential campaign of 1856 opened at Wolfeborough, September
8, he joined, with his brother Freeman, George and Smith Scates
(two young men from Milton, then at work in Rochester), and Wil-
liam Beedle, in organizing a Fremont glee club, and sung at that
gathering which was presided over by the Hon. John P. Hale. Mr.
Hale was so impressed with the power and influence such singing
would exert in a political campaign, that he urged them to con-
tinue in the work, and from that date till after the election in
November, their services were in constant demand at mass-meetings,

*This sketch prepared by C W. Folsom.

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 365

flag-raisings, and other political gatherings. He represented Roch-
ester in the Legislature of 1862, and was a member of the l^ew
Hampshire Senate in 1863-64. For the next ten years he devoted
himself to the factory with his father, but all the time was foremost
in all matters pertaining to the general prosperity of the village of
Gonic, and of the whole town. In 1875 he was nominated by the
Republicans of the first congressional district for member of Con-
gress, and though he conducted his part of that campaign with vigor
and credit to himself, he was defeated by his Democratic opponent,
Frank Jones, of Portsmouth. Declining a renomination, which
meant an election, in 1877, he devoted himself to manufacturing.
In 1875, he assumed charge of the woolen mills at East Rochester,
where he remained five vears, and then retired from the business.
In 1882 he received the appointment of United States weigher in
the Boston custom-house, where he remained till he was removed by
the Democratic administration in 1886. In 1882 he was appointed
by Governor Charles Bell, the first State Auditor under the new
law, and was reappointed for 1883. He was also a delegate to the
national Republican convention, at Philadelphia, which nominated
General Grant for the second term.

Since 1886 he has not been engaged in active business beyond at-
tending to his private aflairs. Few men have been more active in the
politics of the town than he, and he has always been public-spirited
in his acts and liberal in his views. In many ways he has served
his neighbors and townsmen faithfully and well. He married Ellen
Frances Foster, of I^Torway, Maine, Sept. 30, 1852, and has two
children — "Walter Barker Whitehouse, born Sept. 25, 1854, now in
Chicago, Illinois, and Alice Atherton Whitehouse, born 'Nov. 9,
1862. The latter married W. C. Sanborn, druggist, and lives in
Rochester.

Colonel Whitehouse's life has been one of ceaseless activity. His
mental energy, indomitable will, tenacious memory, his habit of
investigating all theories before accepting them as facts, and his
diligence in studying all intellectual, as well as commercial or polit-
ical questions, have marked him out as a predestined leader in
society. His sharp insight into the character of the many classes of
people with whom his business has brought him into contact, has
enabled him to maintain a strong bond of sympathy between him-
self and those whom he has employed. Few men have a more

366 ROCHESTER.

genuine regard for the common brotherhood of man than he, and
to this fact much of his popularit}^ is naturally due.

He has great local pride, and as a recognized leader, quick in
thought and prompt in action, he awakens sluggish minds and even
old-fogyism into useful activity. His influence induced the people
to plant shade-trees and ornament their houses and grounds, till the
result is a beautiful little country village. The meeting-house at
Gonic was dilapidated, the services thinly attended, and the faithful
few much discouraged. Becoming superintendent of the Sunday
School, Mr. Whitehouse organized and led a choir, and then very
materially aided in rebuilding the present beautiful church edifice.
He has been interested and active in school affairs, and in the fire
department of the town. To his executive ability as superintendent
of the first town fair was due in a great measure its success.

His natural musical gifts have enabled him to create a healthy
musical sentiment in the community. As far back as 1842 or '43, he
sano^ in the old Cono-reo-ational Church on the common. From that
time till the present, there has not been an " Old Folks' Concert" or
a choral union in the details of which he has not had a prominent
part. His earnest work in all these public aifairs has not been for
notoriety, but to accomplish results for the public good.

He is a writer of no small ability, pleasing and convincing as a
speaker, and generally carrying his point.

Rochester has been fortunate in having a citizen so thoroughly
public-spirited, and possessed of so solid sense as Charles Sidney
WJiitehouse.

3. Enoch Freeman "Whitehouse, born 1830, was a musical genius.
He was one of the finest and sweetest ballad singers the country
ever- produced. He first traveled with " Ossian's Bards," under the
leadership of the noted Ossian E. Dodge. Then he managed a
company called " Whitehouse's Xew England Bards." After a few
years at home, he started alone with his guitar, drawing large houses
wherever he went. He was afterwards cashier of the Farmers and
Mechanics' Bank of Rochester, which became the First National
Bank of Gonic. He married Mary Abbie McDuffie Dec. 3, 1861,
and was drowned near the Isles of Shoals Aug. 28, 1865.

His power as a singer was wonderful. Few Rochester men have
been more widely known and beloved than he. The press was
everywhere enthusiastic in his praise. One paper says, " He is cer-

[EofFisEEMAM WMaTr[|[}3®iSE.

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 367

tainly a very remarkable singer. ' The Dying Boy,' as sung by him,
is one of the best things we ever heard. All seemed to hold their
breath in suspense, and every heart swelled with silent and inex-
pressible emotion under the sad, plaintive power. To us it was
wonderful." Another says, " The unostentatious gentleness of his
disposition, the tenderness of his feelings, his thorough sensibility
to the emotions of the heart, fitted him admirably for his work, and
as a ballad singer he was without a rival in the land. It was his to
sway the souls of the throngs who gathered to hear him, as the harp-
strings are swayed to sweetest vibrations by the touch of a master-
hand."

His personal qualities also attracted many friends. Tender-hearted
and generous to the extreme, he was constantly giving away large
sums to assist the unfortunate. At the time of the Pemberton Mill
disaster, he sang in Salem to a "thousand-dollar house." The next
day he went to Lawrence and gave every cent of it to relieve the
suiferers. With such rare gifts, such tender sympathies, and such
open-handed generosity, it is not strange that his sad death sent a
thrill of sorrow not only throughout IsTew England, but to many
hearts throughout the land.

4. Emily J. married Joseph Varney, of Wolfeborough, and has
^ daughter Lizzie.

5. Albert died in childhood.

6. Arthur married Ida, daughter of George Pierce, of Dover, and
died leaving one child,

JOHN" McDUFFEE.

BY ALONZO H. QUINT, D. D.

To men of their own energetic stock, who, refusing all political
preferment, have given comprehensive abilities, sterling integrity,
and sagacious industry to the development of business, many Kew
Hampshire towns owe an imperishable debt. John McDufi'ee's
record is in the prosperity of Rochester.

The name itself suggests that strong Scotch-Irish blood which
endured the siege of Londonderry, in which were Mr. McDuffee's
ancestors, John McDuff'ee, and his wife, Martha, honored in tra-
dition. John and Martha McDutfee had four sons: — Mansfield,

368 ROCHESTER.

Archibald, John, and Daniel. Mansfield went to London, England;
the other three came, with their parents, to America, in the emi-
gration which gave !N'ew Hampshire the powerful stock of Derry
and Londonderry. John, the father of these sons, settled in Roch-
ester in 1729, on land on the east side of the Cocheco river, ad-
joining Gonic Lower Falls — the farm of eighty-five acres remaining
without hreak in the family, and now owned by the subject of
this sketch. The Rochester settler was, as just stated, the father
of Capt. Daniel McDujfee, and also of Col. John McDiiffee, a gallant
officer in the old French and Revolutionary wars, lieutenant-colonel
in Colonel Poor's regiment — who, never marrying, adopted his
brother Daniel's son John, and eventually made him his heir.
John McDufee, the colonel's heir, was a farmer in good circum-
stances, married Abigail, daughter of Simon aud Sarah (Ham)
Torr, and was father of John McDuffee, the subject of this sketch,
who was born on the farm once the colonel's, about a mile and
a half from Rochester village, on the Dover road, Dec. 6, 1803.

Of course, while working on the farm more or less, he had,
for five or more years, the advantage of a good school, kept at
the village by "Master" Henry H. Orne (D. C. 1812), of severe
discipline and good scholarship, who supplemented the public
school with a private one each autumn. Mr. Orne was a very
successful teacher, and among the associates of John McDufltee in
this school were Thomas C. Upham, Xathaniel G. LTpham, John
P. Hale, and Noah Tebbets. In 1818, at the age of fifteen, the
boy entered Franklin Academy in Dover, the first day of its
existence, Thomas E. Sawyer and Richard Kimball being among
his associates, and Rev. Mr. Thayer being its principal. Here he
fitted to enter college as sophomore, but returned home, and at
the age of eighteen went into the store of his uncle, John Green-
field, at Rochester. It was a large country store, where every-
thing was sold. After two years' experience, being only twenty
years of age, he began the same business for himself on the same
square ; was successful, ajid, after two years, took into partnership
his uncle, Jonathan H. Torr. During this period he was com-
missioned postmaster of Rochester, being not of age when ap-
pointed, and held the office until removed on Jackson's accession
to the presidency.

In the spring of 1881 he went to Dover and began the same

~,-*''<®!S!S'^^f,

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 369

business on a broader scale, first in the " Perkins block," and in
the autumn, as the first tenant of the northern store in the new
"Watson block," on the Landing, Ira Christie being his next
southern neighbor. This locality, now at an end for such purposes,
was then the place of business and ofiices. Steady success con-
tinued to reward his energy and industry; but in February, 1833,
selling to Andrew Pierce, Jr., he returned to Rochester to settle
the large estate of his wife's father, Joseph Hanson, who dying
in December previous had made him executor. Mr. Hanson,
whose daughter Joanna (by his marriage with Charity Dame) Mr.
McDuftee had married June 21, 1829, was one of the three old
and wealthy merchants of Rochester, l^athaniel Upham and Jonas
C. March being the other two. The settlement of this extended
estate and business was completed and the accounts settled by
Mr. McDuflee's energy in seven months; and it caused his
entire abandonment of trade, although he had been eminently
successful.

There was no bank in Rochester. Old traders had some con-
nection with the Strafford Bank in Dover, and the Rockingham
Bank in Portsmouth. They loaned money instead of getting dis-
counts. Mr. Hanson's safe, where he kept all his securities, was
a small brick building back of his store, with a sheet-iron door
fastened by a padlock. He kept some deposits, however, in
Strafford Bank, and was a stockholder in that and in the Rock-
ingham Bank. The three principal traders used to go to Boston
twice a year on horseback, to buy goods. Mr. McDuffee saw that
a bank was needed. He prepared the plans, secured signatures,
obtained a charter from the Legislature in 1834, and the Roch-
ester Bank was organized with ninety stockholders and a capital
of one hundred thousand dollars, later increased to one hundred
and twenty thousand, with one hundred and thirty stockholders.
Of the original ninety, only one besides Mr. McDuff'ee now survives.
On the organization he became cashier, his brother-in-law. Dr.
James Farrington (p. 345), being president. This bank was the
frontier bank, no other existing between Rochester and Canada,
and it was the first bank which the counterfeits from Canada
naturally but uselessly struck. It was a favorite of the people,
and was so managed that its dividends were eight or nine per
cent. It is well known that the business was really left to the

370 ROCHESTER.

probity and skill of its cashier. Cashier for twenty years, on the
then renewal of its charter, Mr. McDuffee resigned the cashier-
ship in favor of his son Franklin, and became president. The
bank did not become a national bank until 1874, and in the six
years previous he and his son formed the house of "John
McDutfee & Co., private bankers," took up the old bank's busi-
ness, and successfully carried it on. In 1874 they merged it in
a national bank, the one being president and the other cashier,
as before, and the two ' taking two fifths of its stock. It is an
interestingTfact that no bill has ever been issued by either Roch-
ester bank without the well-known signature of John McDuftee,
either as president or cashier; and he still actively administers
the interests of the bank he originated in another form sixty-four
years ago.

In addition to this Rochester interest, Mr. McDuiiee was one
•of the original grantees of the Dover National Bank, and for a
short time was a director : but his interest became more in the
Straftbrd Bank at Dover, of which, under its new charter, he was
the second heaviest stockholder, Daniel M. Christie being the first.
He became a director in the Straftbrd National Bank in 1870,
and still actively holds that position. The stock of this bank has
recently sold at one hundred per cent above par.

The Norway Plains Savings Bank at Rochester was chartered
in 1851, and Mr. McDuffee became its treasurer, being succeeded
by his son Franklin in 1867, and himself becoming president —
an oflice in which he still remains. It is worth recalling, that,
although this bank was ordered in the panic to pay out only
five sixths of any deposit, it subsequently petitioned for leave to
pay, and did credit to every person aftected, the remaining sixth.

Mr. McDuttee early saw the advantages of manufacturing to a
community. By his own means and a liberal allowance of
banking facilities he has greatly aided their development, the first
such enterprise in Rochester, the Mechanics' Manufacturing Com-
pany, being decided to locate there by the new banking facilities.
Mr. McDuftee was a director. Its businesss was the manufacture
of blankets, and its successor is the Norway Plains Manufacturing
Company. The original company Mr. McDuftee carried safely
through the crisis of 1837. The mill property at Gonic Mr.
McDuftee bought in 1845, to lease to N. Y. Whitehouse, that

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 371

business might not be given up. He held the purchase for about
ten years. The effort was successful, and the property was
eventually taken by a joint stock company. Stephen Shorey,
owning some facilities for manufacturing at East Eochester, came
to Mr. McDufiee to see if the bank would advance means to build.
Mr. McDuffee at once pledged the means, and the mills were built.
A stock company afterwards purchased mills and machinery, and
the thriving village of East Eochester owes its prosperity to Mr.
McDufiee's liberal policy. Thus have been developed the three
principal water-powers of Eochester.

Mr. McDuffee's personal interests in manufacturing were also in
the Great Falls Manufacturing Company, in whose extensive busi-
ness he was a director for four years; capital, one million five
hundred thousand dollars. In 1862 he bought large interests in
the Cocheco Manufacturing Company at Dover, and since 1874
has been a director of that corporation. As such, he advocated
the erection of the great mill, now Xo. 1, and the replacing of
all the old buildings by new and magnificent mills, unsurpassed
in the United States. The remarkable success of this company
certifies alike to the sagacious boldness and the considerate policy
of its directors.

The need of railroad facilities at Eochester was early apparent
to Mr. McDuffee. In 1846 he entered into two enterprises — the
Cocheco road, from Dover to Alton Bay, and the Conway road,
from Great Falls to Conway — each of which passed through
Eochester. In each road Mr. McDuffee was the largest individual
stockholder, and of each was the first treasurer. When the Con-
way road reached Eochester, Mr. McDuffee resigned its treasurer-
ship. The other road, after various difficulties, became the Dover
& "Winnipesaukee, by the incorporation of the bondholders, and
Mr. McDuffee continued to be a director. "With "Friend" William
Hill, he visited Boston more than thirty times to treat for the
lease of this road to the Boston & Maine. The effort was finally
successful, and the road, by itself weak, became a fine piece of
property. Eochester was thus doubly accommodated; but another
avenue was needed, and Mr. McDuffee took part in the Portland
& Eochester, which secured a route eastward, of which road he
was a director; and he invested liberally in the Eochester &
ITashua, which opened a line to the West. The result has been

372 ROCHESTER.

that Rochester is a " billing-point," and its various manufacturing
interests have felt its impetus.

The beauty of McDutfee block, in Rochester, built by him
in 1868, exhibits the owner's public spirit. It is an elegant brick
building of four stories, containing six stores, twelve offices in the
second story, a public hall in the third, and a Masonic hall, one
of the finest in the State, in the fourth. In the use of the public
hall the liberality of its owner to benevolent objects is well known.
As a Mason, he joined Humane Lodge on the very day he be-
came " of lawful age." Just sixty years later, Dec. 6, 1884, the
brethren gave him a commemorative reception in Masonic Hall.
Interesting reminiscences, congratulatory addresses, appropriate
songs, and a supper occupied the evening. He is the only survivor
of the members of the lodge of 1824.

Of other real estate, besides various pieces in Rochester, includ-
ing such as the Gonic farm, Mr. McDuffee owns the 'New Durham
" powder mill " estate of nine hundred acres of land and eleven
hundred acres of water; and in Barrington, two hundred acres
on Isinglass river, held with a view to future manufacturing
needs.

In religion, Mr. McDuffee was brought up under good old Parson
Joseph Haven, and has remained a liberal supporter of the Con-
gregational society. In politics, he was an earnest Whig. His first
vote was for the electors who chose John Quincy Adams president,
and his postmastership was ended by Andrew Jackson. He has
always been a decided Republican.

Mr. McDuffee's great amount of labor has been possible only by
the vigorous constitution which he inherited. The boy who, before
he left home, " carried the forward swath " in the hayfield, made
the man who now accomplishes an amount of work which would
surprise many younger men. Monday is always given to the
Stratibrd Bank at Dover; Tuesday he presides at the Rochester
Bank meeting; Wednesday at the Savings Bank; and no day is
idle.

Feelinsr the need of some relaxation from business, in the winter
of 1885 he \asited the Pacific coast, and spent two months in
California. In the autumn of the same year he represented his
native town in the Legislature, was chairman of the committee
on banks, on whose recommendation many bank laws were enacted

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 373

for the interest and protection of tlie savings banks and their
depositors.

Judged by the success of his work as the banker, as developing
by a Uberal and wise help every worthy manufacturing enterprise,
and as foremost in the building of the various railways centering
in Eochester, it is clear that Mr. McDuifee nobly comes into the
list of those spoken of in our first paragraph, whose record is in
the prosperity of his native town, where ability, sagacity, integrity,
and kindliness have united to make that record, as well as his
own personal success.

Of Mr. McDuifee's happy domestic relations nothing need be
said. Of his eight children, — naming them in the order of their
birth : —

1. Josej^h Hanson McDuffee, who followed the sea, remained
single, and was drowned off the Isles of Shoals Aug. 29, 1865,
at the age of thirty-five.

2. Franklin McDuffee * was born at Dover, Aug. 27, 1832.
When six months old he removed with his parents to Eochester.
He entered Gilmanton Academy at the age of twelve years, and
graduated with honor at Dartmouth College in 1853. He read
law six months with Hon. Daniel M. Christie of Dover, and in
May, 1854, accepted the position of cashier in the Eochester State
Bank. In 1857 he went on a foot trip to the White Mountains.
Owing to the wrong directions of a guide, he was lost in the
forest a night and a day, almost perishing from cold and exhaus-
tion. The first house reached was that of Dr. Bemis then absent.
Acting under strict orders to admit no one, the family utterly
refused to furnish him food or shelter, so that he was compelled
to go six miles further, to the l!Totch House, before obtaining relief.
This exposure weakened his constitution, impaired his hearing,
and was doubtless the remote cause of his death. In 1858 his
health was greatly improved by a voyage to Europe. He applied
for passage home on the ill-fated Austria, which was burned with
all her passengers, but failing to secure a satisfactory berth he
escaped. Dec. 4, 1861, he married Miss Mary F. Hayes of Eoch-
ester. Their children are : 1. John Edgar, who was for two years
a member of the class of 1883 in the Chandler Scientific Depart-

* This sketch is by the Editor.

374 ROCHESTER.

ment of Dartmouth College, but was compelled to relinquish his
studies on account of poor health. He has since developed a
delicate taste and marked ability as a musician, particularly as a
pianist. Having taken lessons for several years under the instruc-
tion of J. W. Hill of the Xew England Conservatory of Music at
Boston, he began regular work as a teacher in 1885. Thorough-
ness and exactness characterize his methods of instruction, in
which he is meeting increasing and well-deserved success. Pur-
suing the study of Harmony under the direction of Stephen A.
Emery of Boston, he has already done something as a composer,
especially in song music. 2. Willis, a member of the class of
'90 in Dartmouth College.

Franklin McDuffee was appointed treasurer of the I^orway Plains
Savings Bank in 1866. Two years later he joined his father in
establishing a private banking institution under the name of John
McDutfee & Co., bankers. In 1874 this company merged into
the Eochester National Bank, of which he became cashier.

He was initiated in Humane Lodge of Free and Accepted
Masons, Dec. 9, 1856. The next year he was chosen secretary,
and after filling other offices was Master of the Lodge in 1863-64.
In 1866-67 he officiated as District Deputy of the Grand Lodge
of New Hampshire.

He served the town as selectman, and for many years as super-
intending school committee. He was a member of the State Leg-
islature of 1862, and the Constitutional Convention of 1876.

He joined the Congregational Church in 1868, and four years
after was chosen deacon, which office he held through the rest
of his life. After a sickness of a few weeks he died at Rochester
Nov. 11, 1880.

The character of Deacon McDuffee was one of rare excellence,
blending many valuable traits. As a lad he was studious, thought-
ful, kind, and mature beyond his years. He was well fitted for
college at the age of sixteen, but delayed entering till a year later.
He was thorough and exact in his studies and ranked high at
graduation. One of his instructors writes: "I remember Mr.
McDuffee well, as a thoughtful and exemplary student, deserving
and receiving the esteem of his instructors and associates. It was
always a pleasure to me to see him in the class-room." Another
writes, " I recall him as a good scholar, industrious, faithful, and

LEADING MEN SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 375

honest; but very modest and retiring." Highly esteemed by all
his classmates, he had but few intimates, but those few were deeply
attached to him, and the ties then formed Avere never broken.
He always loved his Alma Mater, and when, unsought by himself,
his name was prominently mentioned in alumni circles as a can-
didate to fill a vacancy in the board of trustees, he remarked to
a friend that he should regard such an appointment a greater
honor than to be Governor of l^ew Hampshire. He took deep
interest in national affairs and had a clear understanding of polit-
ical issues. He was no managing politician, but simply from force
of character he was a leader in his party. Men irrespective of
party recognized his leadership in aftairs of public interest. He did
not win men by flatter}^ nor by neutrality on important questions.
All knew him for a stanch Republican, an unflinching friend of
temperance and good order. He had decision, energy, and sturdy
pluck, without malice or bitterness, so that even his opponents
respected his conscientious integrity. He was not unfrequently
able to carry a vote against a current already strongly set the
other way, simply by his strong, honest, clear way of stating the
case. Men always listened when he rose to speak, knowing his
words would be sincere and to the point. He never attempted
to speak when he had nothing to say. He studied no graces of
oratory. He indulged in no flowers of rhetoric. He drove like
a rifle-ball straight for the mark, which he never failed to hit.
Hence he was recognized as one of the best and most entertaining
lecturers in Strafl:brd county. He took a deep interest in edu-
cation, and was zealous and untiring in efforts to elevate the
schools of Rochester. To no one more than to him the high
school owes its standino- and success.

From his well-known ability and interest in historical research
he was elected a member of the ITew Hampshire Historical Society.
In 1865 he began a series of historical sketches in the " Roch-
ester Courier" which were models of simplicity, conciseness, and
accuracy. It was his intention to re-write and enlarge these
sketches into a complete history of Rochester, but his premature
death left the work unfinished. He had, however, collected with
great labor much material for this purpose, out of which has grown
this present volume.

376 ROCHESTER.

Mr. McDuftee's mind was essentially matliematical, with keen
powers of analytic thought. Flowers of rhetoric could not cover
false logic from his eyes, which detected shams at a glance. His
power of methodical analysis was well illustrated in his mountain
adventure. When he found that he was lost, he realized not
only the danger from unseen precipices, but that the attempt to
go on would certainly add to his perplexity. Having no means
of kindling a fire, he could ward off a fatal chill only by continued
exercise. He therefore chose a level spot between two trees and
paced back and forth from one tree to the other all night. While
thus walking he went over in careful thought the whole day's
journey, studying step by step to find his error. In this way he
came to a definite conclusion as to just where he had left the
true road, and just what course to pursue in the morning. The
theory proved true in every particular, and brought him out in
safety. This quality of mind turned to mechanics might have
made him distinguished as an inventor. In 1876 he invented and
patented a valuable " Improvement in Combination and Chro-
nometer Locks," which he sold to a lock manufacturing company
for $500. This invention secures two principal advantages : First,
that any accidental stopping of the clock-work will not prevent
the opening of the lock. Second, that it can be opened between
the hours for which it is set, only by assembling too many persons
for a burglar's safety. His methodical mind fitted him especially
for business, in which he was a model of diligence, exactness, and
integrity. ISTo crookedness or obscurity ever darkened his financial
transactions.

His partial loss of hearing, added to his retiring nature, withdrew
him somewhat from social life, and his quiet, unobtrusive ways
left others of far less merit to be more widely known than he.
But his neighbors and townsmen highly appreciated his sterling
worth, and his intimates prized his friendship as of one of the
sincerest and most lovable of men.

He was pre-eminently meek under abuse. When a temporary
cloud came upon the Sa\ings Bank, conscious of integrity he was
calm and quiet under vituperation. He would patiently answer
questions and explain afiairs again and again to every interested
party, but when, leaving inquiry, any began to rage and revile, he
would turn quietly to his books, as if not hearing a word.

LEADING MEX SINCE THE REVOLUTION. 377

Quick in sjmpatlij, he was nobly generous in every worthy
cause. The poor were among his sincerest mourners. Unosten-
tatious in his gifts, man}' a needy one was relieved, only suspecting
whence the favor came.

His firm and generous character was beautified and crowned by
the graces of a Christian life. His religion, like every other part
of his character, was genuine. I*s'o afi:ected holiness, no pious drivel
marred its excellent simplicit}'. Shrinking and sensitive, his reli-
gion avoided all boastful display. It was, nevertheless, all-per-
vading, shining in and through his life, leaving a light behind to
still guide others to the heavenward path. He was long distrustful
and doubting in regard to his own experience, but when he once
decided to identify himself with the church of Christ it was a
transaction forever. His daily life exemplified the truths he be-
lieved. He was emphatically a pillar in the church, an active
supporter of every good, a model church ofl3.cer, the friend and
helper of every pastor. One pastor says: "That noble man of
God, Frank McDufi:ee. He was the prince of deacons. We are
all better for having known him."

His death was a severe loss, not only to family and church, but
to town and State as well. Few worthier or more valuable men
ever claimed the Granite State for their home than Deacon Frank-
lin McDuffee.

" The memory of the just is blessed."

3. John Randolph McDufee, born in Rochester Sept. 5, 1834,
graduated from the Chandler Scientific School at Dartmouth Col-
lege in 1857, and opened an ofiice in Rochester as civil engineer.
In 1858 he went with his brother Franklin on a voyage to Europe.
On his return he immediately fell into a decline, and died May 14,
1859.

4. Anna 31. 3IcDuffee married Frank S. Brown of the firm
Brown, Thompson & Co., Hartford, Conn., and has one son and
two daughters.

5. 3Iary Abbie McDuffee married, first, E. Freeman Whitehouse
(p. 366) ; second, Charles K. Chase (see sketch), and survives him
with one daughter.

6. Sarah Frances lIcDuffee died unmarried at the age of thirty-
three. She was of sensible, well-balanced mind, quiet and unolb-

378 ROCHESTER.

trusive in manner, affectionate and self-sacrificing among her
friends, and exceptionally lovely in her whole character.

7. George 3IcDuffee has been engaged in extensive grain and
lumber business in Rochester. He married, first, Lizzie Hanson,
who died leaving a son ; second, itTellie, daughter of Dr. James
Farrington of Rochester, her father being nephew of Dr. James
Farrington, M. C.

8. Oliver 3IcDuJfee died in infancy.

ADAMS.

Isaac Adams was born in 1803, at Adams Corner, in a house
still standing on the right going towards East Rochester. He was
well known as an inventor, and " his peculiarities gained for him
an extensive notoriety among strangers as well as those who knew
him best." In boyhood he was employed in factory work, but at
the age of eighteen went to Sandwich, where he learned the trade
of cabinet-making. After a few years he went to Dover, where
he worked at his trade till 1824, when he found work in a machine
shop in Boston, Mass. In 1827 he invented the famous printing-
press bearing his name and which soon came into almost universal
use, having even now no superior for fine book-work. When he
left Sandwich he said he would not return till he had money
enough to buy the whole town, and sure enough, when he retired
from business he had from one to two millions. He bought up
many farms and planted them to white pines. The stone wall
around a part of his grounds in Sandwich " has considerable local
fame, being broad enough to drive a horse and buggy on top."
He died in Sandwich July 19, 1883, where he was buried, several
tons of stone being put upon his grave by his direction.

Seth Adams, brother of Isaac, was associated with him in the
manufacture of printing-presses, and also acquired great wealth.
He founded a nervine hospital in Boston, and contributed gener-
ously to various charities. He also bequeathed a fund of ten
thousand dollars, the interest of which is to be divided among
widows and maiden ladies of Rochester. He lies buried in the
new cemetery at Rochester, where a beautiful granite monument
has been erected bearing his portrait in a finely finished bas-relief.

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Full text of "History of the town of Rochester, New Hampshire, from 1722 to 1890"

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